scholarly journals Comparative histomorphological study of non affected and affected liver by fascioliasis in Black Bengal goat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Reazul Islam ◽  
Md Najmul Hassan Parvez ◽  
Md Jalal Uddin Sarder
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Portal Area ◽  
Acute Form ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

The purpose of this study was to comparative histomorphological investigation of the non affected and affected liver by fascioliasis in Black Bengal goat. The average weight of affected livers was 511.20±14.10 gm which was significantly (p<0.001) higher than non affected livers (371.70±13.25 gm). The average length and girth of affected liver were 27.50 ±0.63 cm and 34.00±0.71 cm, respectively which were also significantly (p<0.001) higher than the length (21.80±0.61 cm) and girth (26.60±0.80 cm) of non affected liver of Black Bengal goat. The gross changes in acute form, affected livers were enlarged than normal. The livers were slightly swollen with rounded edges and the color became paler than normal. The capsule was more or less thick, opaque and rough than normal smooth thin capsule. The gross changes of the liver in chronic fascioliasis characterized by increase in the size of the organ due to inflammatory changes in the parenchyma and fibrosis of the bile ducts containing adult flukes. In acute cases microscopic changes were found mainly in the portal area. The grossly visible spots or tracks was represented by the presence of numerous eosinophils admixed with few lymphocytes and monocytes in the parenchyma of liver and accompanied by hemorrhage and edema. In chronic fascioliasis the hemorrhagic tracks or tunnels were represented by the areas infiltrated with fibroblasts admixed with neutrophils, lymphocytes and few mononuclear cells in the area previously migrated by young flukes. So it was concluded that liver of Black Bengal goats are mostly affected with fascioliasis which severely change the structure of that organ.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 424-433

scholarly journals Comparative histomorphological study of non affected and affected bile duct and gall bladder by fascioliasis in Black Bengal Goat

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-415
Author(s):  
Md Reazul Islam ◽  
Rashida Khaton ◽  
Md Aktharul Alam ◽  
Md Jalal Uddin Sarder ◽  
Md Najmul Hassan Parvez
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Tissue Proliferation ◽  
Infected Goat ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

The purpose of this study was to comparative histomorphological investigation of the non affected and affected bile duct and gall bladder by fascioliasis in Black Bengal goat. The average weight of affected gall bladder was 26.10±0.70 gm which was significantly (p<0.001) higher than non affected gall bladder (19.40±0.96 gm). The average length and girth of affected gall bladder were 10.30±0.37 cm and 8.24±0.30 cm, respectively which were also significantly (p<0.001) higher than the length (6.10±0.30 cm) and Girth (5.85±0.25 cm) of non-affected gall bladder of Black Bengal Goat. The gross changes in acute form, thickening of the bile ducts and fibrosis in a portal area due to chronic fascioliasis was found in case of affected bile duct but were not found in case of non affected liver. A brownish exudates and a number of mature Fasciola gigantica were found in the lumen. The adult Fasciola gigantica was noticed in cross section in the lumen of the thickened bile ducts. Acute pathological lesions could only be produced by developing flukes prior to their entry to the bile ducts. Microscopically the epithelial layer of the bile ducts were seen to the partially disintegrated, but simultaneous proliferation of epithelial cells occurred. Thickening of the bile ducts was the result of connective tissue proliferation. Deposition of bile pigment in the tissue space and bile duct in some parts showed periductal cellular infiltrations, mainly neutrophiles, lymphocyte and eosinophiles. No calcification in the wall of the bile ducts in chronic Fascioliasis in goat could be seen in this study. The gall bladder was very dark usually contained blood clots, the consistency of bile was also very dense. Microcopically hyperplasia of the tubuloalveolar glands and numerous eggs were seen in the bile of infected goat which were absence in case of non infected goat. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2018, 4(4): 406-415

scholarly journals THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF FLAXSEED LIGNAN IN MALE RABBITS WITH HIGH-FAT DIET: HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Zahraa Ahmed Okhti ◽  
Muthanna I. Al-ezzi ◽  
Raghad Abdulmahdi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Portal Area

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of dietary flaxseed-derived lignan supplement as anti-hyperlipidemic (fatty liver changes) on rabbit liver.Methods: Rabbits were assigned randomly into three groups (five rabbits for each group): group-1, normal diet (negative control); group-2, 1.6 % cholesterol diet for 30 d (positive control) and group-3, 1.6 % cholesterol for 30 d then gave 40 mg/kg/day of pure flax lignan for 14 d.Results: Marked proliferation of fibrous connective tissue infiltrated with mononuclear cells was recorded; congested dilated of sinusoids and fibrosis in the portal area around the proliferation of bile ducts and congested portal blood vessels with the proteinous material in the lumen of bile ducts were also recorded. In other sections, the liver showed large necrotic area replacement with RBCs as well as enlarged foamy hepatocytes with mononuclear cells in narrowing sinusoids were seen.Conclusion: From the results of this study we can conclude that lignan has been used successfully in decreasing the inflammatory cells in congested blood vessels and sinusoids and has decreased the inflammatory cells infiltration in moderate fibrosis in the portal area around the bile ducts of rabbit liver tissue.

scholarly journals Anomalous choledocho-pancretic ductal junction in a choledochal cyst: A case report

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 179-181
Author(s):  
Miodrag Jovanovic ◽  
Dragoljub Bilanovic ◽  
Radoje Colovic ◽  
Nikica Grubor ◽  
Milenko Ugljesic
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Choledochal Cyst ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Biliary Colic ◽  
Duodenal Wall ◽  
Choledochal Cysts ◽  
Bile Duct Wall ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Choledochal cysts are rare congenital anomalies, mostly detected in adults. Pathogenesis of these cysts seems to be in anomalous junction between pancreatic and common bile duct, above the papillary sphincterand outside of the duodenal wall. The absence of the sphincter above the junction is followed by reflux of the pancreatic juice into the bile duct leading to dilatation and fibrous changes of bile duct wall. A 38-year-old female is presented in whom a choledochal cyst was found 11 years earlier, during the operation performed for obstructive jaundice, when cystojejunostomy with Roux-en Y jejunal limb was carried out. In February 1990, she was admitted to our Institution for jaundice and biliary colic. The patient was reoperated. Operative cholangiography showed an anomalous pancreatobiliary junction, choledochal cyst, dilated cystic duct and moderate dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts. Cholecystectomy, desanastomosis with partial excision of choledochal cyst, and retrocolic choledochojejunostomy with the same Roux-en-Y jejunal limb were performed. Total excision of choledochal cyst was too risky due to chronic inflammatory changes in the hepatoduodenal ligament. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and the patient remained symptom-free so far.

scholarly journals Performance and costing of nutrition intervention measures on admitted children in malnutrition treatment center: a case study from Jharkhand, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4048
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Sinha ◽  
Asha Kiran ◽  
Vivek Kashyap ◽  
Praveen Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Medical Complication ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Target Weight ◽  
Intervention Measures

Background: Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) having medical complications require immediate care at malnutrition treatment centers (MTC). Thus, it becomes important to assess the effect and treatment cost of such children in these facilities. Hence, the present study was done with these aims in two MTCs in Jharkhand, India.Methods: A retrospective record review was done of the children admitted to these two MTCs between 1st April 2017 and 31st March 2018. A predesigned proforma was used to collect child related information. The data collected was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analysed.Results: Majority of the admitted children (90.6%) were in 6-23 months age group. 358 (51.5%) children were females. Only, 194 (27.9%) children admitted were SAM had any medical complication. 690 (99.3%) children were discharged of whom 499 (72.3%) were discharged after achieving the target weight. The average weight gain during their stay was 8.1±2.4 g/kg/day and average length of stay was 16.7±3.2 days. Post discharge follow up rates were found to be low and only 130 (18.8%) children completed all three follow ups. Average cost per SAM child treated was Rs. 18,599 (US$ 272) and per SAM child cured was Rs. 25,904 (US$ 379).Conclusions: MTCs are effective in managing medically complicated SAM children. However, improvements are necessary to ensure that more such children should be treated at facility level, complimented with a community based programme for managing uncomplicated SAM children to improve coverage and ensure continuum of care.

scholarly journals Preliminary observations on the effect of sudden changes of temperature on survival of young Matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) under laboratory conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Fonsêca Guimarães ◽  
Atílio Storti Filho
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Amazonian Fish ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Preliminary Study

Matrinxã is a very promising amazonian fish for fish culture in Brazil. This study is aimed at determining the approximate tolerated temperature range in this species. Groups of ten young matrinxã specimens (15.1±0.8 cm average length and 58.3±10.3 g average weight) were subjected to 9 different temperatures for 24 hours without previous acclimation. Fish were transferred from an initial temperature of 27ºC to those ranging from 12 to 39ºC at 3ºC intervals. Both 12ºC and 39ºC temperatures were lethal for this species with 100% mortality rate. Following 2 minutes of exposure to 39ºC fish changed behavior, showing an increase in opercular movements and erratic swimming; mortality reached 100% after 18 minutes. At 12ºC, fish lost equilibrium immediately after exposure and started swimming erratically; after only 4 minutes fish became lethargic and remained immobile on the bottom of the tank. Total mortality was only evident following 24 hours. At 15ºC matrinxã lost equilibrium after 5 to 6 minutes of exposure but mortality was only 20% after 24 hours. Fish tolerated well temperatures ranging from 18 to 36ºC with 100% survival after 24 hours. This preliminary study suggests that temperatures between 18 and 36ºC are the approximate range normally tolerated by this species, although survival at other temperatures may be increased by gradually acclimating fish to the more severe increases or decreases in temperature. In addition, it indicates that matrinxã may be cultivated over a wide geographical area.

Vermicompost an Alternative in the Treatment of Organic Solid Waste, in Zones Altoandinas, Tarma, Junin 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-687
Author(s):  
Godofredo Román Lobato Calderón ◽  
Pascual Guevara Yanqui ◽  
Miguel Ángel Ramírez Arellano
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Drain Pipe ◽  
Organic Solid Waste ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
Animal Excreta

In the present investigation, the weight, growth, adaptability and production of humus of a calf foot of Californian red worm (Eisenia foetida) fed with compost (made from animal excreta and organic waste) and organic remains were evaluated. The evaluation was carried out in Tarma, Junín Region. A breeding ground was built with 3.2 m3 cement bricks (6.10 m long  1.05 m wide and 0.50 m high); with a 5 cm thick screed with a 2” PVC drain pipe with a west-east slope, raised by the west side at 15°. A population of 10,000 individuals (10 kilograms) was sown, a sample of 370 individuals was extracted by applying a Simple Random Sampling (MAS) whose average weight and length was 0.3 g and 30 mm. they were fed for 3 months (90 days), the calf was divided into 21 sampling points from which 383 worms were weighed and measured whose average weight and length were 0.38 g and 33.24 mm (3.32 cm). Data were taken every day at 2:00 pm, hydrogen potential (pH) and humidity (soil peach meter), substrate temperature (digital thermometer), ambient temperature (thermohygrometer) were recorded. The average weight of the worms varied from 0.30-0.38 g, the average length varied from 30-33.24 mm. The presence of tiny heels and worms demonstrated their adaptability. The production of humus was 3 tons, the efficiency of the breeding stock was 93.75%. The final substrate had an average of 6.72 pH, 13.61°C temperature, 69.86% humidity and 19.5°C ambient temperature. Consequently, vermicompost is an alternative in the treatment of organic solid waste to be developed in high Andean areas.

Post-harvest evaluation of nitrogen fertigated sweet peppers under drip irrigation and plastic mulch

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Megh R. Goyal ◽  
Rubén Guadalupe-Luna ◽  
Evangelina R. De Hernández ◽  
Carmela Chao de Báez
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Parameter Values

Sweet peppers (var. Cubanelle) graded for width, length and weight were evaluated after three fertigation treatments (T1 = 150, T2 = 300 and T3 = 500 Kg of N/ha), 500 Kg of N/ha side-dressed (T4), no fertilizer (T5), plastic mulching (P) and no mulching (NP). Nitrogen source was urea. The relationships of average width and average weight versus days after transplanting were sigmoidal. A linear relationship was found between average length versus days after transplanting. More than 50% of peppers were within size classes 1 to 4 ; fewer than 40% were in the size classes 5 to 9. During the growing cycle, mean numbers of peppers and weight per pepper in each size class were not statistically different (P = 0.05) among main treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5). In size classes 1 to 9, there were significantly more peppers (P = 0.05) in P plots than in NP plots. Fruit parameter values decreased with successive picking and were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in the 5th picking and were higher in the P plots than in the NP plots (P = 0.05). Fertilization and fertigation resulted in higher values than non-fertilization.

Breast reduction with the posterosuperior pedicle: a series of 200 consecutive patients

Folia Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hristo Shipkov ◽  
Ali Mojallal ◽  
Fabienne Braye
Keyword(s):  
Breast Reduction ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Superior Pedicle ◽  
Areola Complex ◽  
Junction Site ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT AIM: To present and evaluate the outcomes of the posterosuperior pedicle breast reduction technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 200 patients were included in the present retrospective study. They were operated on between January 2006 and January 2009. The mean age was 35.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). The average notch-to-nipple distance was 35.8 cm (range, 29 to 42 cm). The mean body mass index was 27 (range, 22 to 35 cm). Results were assessed by means of self-evaluation and by an independent 5-member jury. Fifty two patients (26%) had had bariatric surgery and 48 (24%) had had abdominoplasty. None of the patients had any previous breast surgery. All patients reported dorsal and cervical pain. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 16 months (range, 13 to 23 months). The average weight resected was 981 g (range from 370 g to 1800 g). The average duration of surgery was 2h (range, 1.50 to 2.30 hours) and average length of hospital stay was 2.3 days (range, 2 to 4 days). The duration of the outpatient postoperative care until complete wound healing was 15.2 days (range, 13 to 20 days). There were 4 major complications (2%) (1 bilateral and 3 unilateral infections) treated by drainage and intravenous antibiotics. Twenty-two minor complications were recorded (11%) including one desquamation of the nipple-areola complex without necrosis (0.5%) delayed healing at the junction site of the inverted T incision in 21 cases (10.5%). One hundred and forty eight patients evaluated their results as “very good” (74%), 36 as “good” (18%), and 16 as “acceptable” (8%). There were no results assessed as “poor.” Fifty-eight percent of the patients found that back pain had totally resolved versus 42% who had signifi cant improvement though not complete resolution. CONCLUSIONS: The postero-superior pedicle for breast reduction is a reproducible and versatile technique. The preservation of the anterior intercostal artery perforators enhances the reliability of the vascular supply to the superior pedicle.

scholarly journals Size Does Matter: Model Selection of Shark Attack Case

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Carcharodon Carcharias ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Matter Model ◽  
Size Model ◽  
Carcharhinus Melanopterus ◽  
Selection Of

Shark unprovoked attacks consist of fatal and non-fatal cases. Numerous cases have been reported involving shark species from Carcharhinus melanopterus with length of 145.5 cm to half-ton Carcharodon carcharias. Currently there are more (P &lt; 0.05) unprovoked non-fatal cases with the average is 28.46 cases/shark species (95%CI: 3.86-53.1) than unprovoked fatal cases, which the average is 5.12 cases /shark species (95%CI: -0.075-10.3). Hence this paper seeks to select the best shark size model that correlates with the unprovoked fatal and non-fatal cases. The studied sharks consist of 24 shark species with the average length is 268.18 cm (95%CI: 230-306 cm) and the average weight is 225.42 kg (95%CI: 128-323 kg). Based on the model and as described by low values of AIC and the highest values of R2 and adjusted R2 , shark weight followed by combinations of shark weight and length produced unprovoked fatal and non-fatal cases best models. The model for explaining unprovoked fatal cases is the shark weight with high numbers of cases observed in large size shark (weight⁓fatal cases, AIC = 165.359, R2 = 0.72, Adj. R = 0.71). While for non-fatal cases, the best model is also the shark weight (weight⁓non fatal cases, AIC = 246.93, R2 = 0.63, Adj. R = 0.59).

scholarly journals Pathological Effects of Crud Trichothecenes on Swiss Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Noor Hashim ◽  
Khulood Al-Samarrae ◽  
Salim Al-Obaidy
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Treated Animal ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Retention Cyst ◽  
Portal Area ◽  
Biochemical Studies

Trichothecenes are natural secondary metabolites causing economic losses and health hazard to human and farm animals which are produced by several species of Fusarium and some other genera on different agricultural commodities. Study on trichothecenes mycotoxicosis revealed morphological, biochemical, and histopathological changes. After intraperitoneal injection of the toxin in male mice with different concentration for 35 days shows marked increase in body weight, dyspanea, shivering, bristling up of hair, hair falling, anomalies of eyes, and irritation around neck, also abdominal hemorrhage and clot accumulation in abdomen. In addition to inclusion (retention) cyst forms on liver. The biochemical studies on liver function by measuring GPT and GOT enzymes level have been done. An increase level of these enzymes in treated animal in comparison with control animal which indicating abnormal function of liver observed. The histopathological study on sections from the liver of treated animal with trichothecenes revealed many alterations in liver which includes congestion, kupffer cells hyperplasia, dilated sinusoids and mononuclear cells infiltration around the portal area.

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