scholarly journals Antioxidant profile of mulled wine

10.5219/1070 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-421
Author(s):  
Dani Dordevic ◽  
Simona Jancikova ◽  
Bohuslava Tremlova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Antioxidant Profile ◽  
Heat Treated

The aim of the study was to compare chemical and nutritional profile of wine and heat-treated wine, called mulled wine. The experiment was focused on simulation of ordinary produce mulled wine by the majority of consumers. Cabernet Moravia (bottled in Velkobílovická vína s.r.o., Czech Republic) was used for the experimental production of mulled wine. Following spices were added to wine during cooking: cloves (Vitana, Czech Republic) and cinnamon (KOTÁNY, Austria). The samples of wine were heat treated in stainless steel pot for 5 minutes. The relative density, acidity, alcohol content, phenol content and antioxidant capacity were monitored in experimentally produced wine and mulled wine. The gained results showed that samples of mulled wine with added cloves had statistically significant (p <0.05) higher phenol content and higher antioxidant properties in comparison with wine before heat treatment and spices addition. The results clearly showed that mulled wine can be considered as the product with better health beneficial nutritional profile than wine from which it is produced; in addition, mulled wine sample had significantly (p <0.05) lower alcoholic content (8.27 ±0.04 vol.%).

Joining of Dissimilar 6063 Aluminium Alloy – 316L Stainless Steel by Spot Welding: Tensile Shear Strength and Heat Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 492-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Noor Mazlee ◽  
Alvin Tan Yin Zhen ◽  
Shamsul Baharin Jamaludin ◽  
Nur Farhana Hayazi ◽  
Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Tensile Shear Strength ◽  
Tensile Shear ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
6063 Aluminum Alloy

Tensile shear strength and ageing treatment of dissimilar 6063 aluminum alloy-316L stainless steel joint fabricated by spot welding were investigated. The results showed that tensile shear strength increased with the increasing of welding current. The enhancement of tensile shear strength of the joints was due to the enlargement of the nugget diameter. It was also found that the tensile shear strength values for heat treated joint almost similar to that of non-heat treated joint.

Problems Associated with Heat Treated Parts

2021 ◽  
pp. 307-325
Author(s):  
Jon L. Dossett
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Quenching Media ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Nonferrous Alloys

Abstract This article introduces some of the general sources of heat treating problems with particular emphasis on problems caused by the actual heat treating process and the significant thermal and transformation stresses within a heat treated part. It addresses the design and material factors that cause a part to fail during heat treatment. The article discusses the problems associated with heating and furnaces, quenching media, quenching stresses, hardenability, tempering, carburizing, carbonitriding, and nitriding as well as potential stainless steel problems and problems associated with nonferrous heat treatments. The processes involved in cold working of certain ferrous and nonferrous alloys are also covered.

Biocompatibility Comparison of Stainless Steel, Gold-Coated, and Heat-Treated Gold-Coated Endovascular Stents

2001 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa S. Morss ◽  
Philip Seifert ◽  
Adam Groothius ◽  
Danielle Bornstein ◽  
Campbell Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Vascular Response ◽  
Gold Coating ◽  
Endovascular Stents ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Negative Effect

ABSTRACTEndovascular stents can be altered to improve radioopacity by applying a gold coating. We examined the vascular response in porcine coronary arteries to implantation of 9 mm NIR® stents that were either left intact, gold-coated, or heat-treated following gold coating. Our results show that while gold coating exacerbates neointimal hyperplasia and the inflammatory response, heat treatment removes this negative effect. Heat treatment was shown to increase the diffusion at the gold-steel interface and reduce the surface roughness.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Heat-Treated AISI 316 Stainless Steel in Solar Furnaces to Be Used as Possible Implant Material

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Ioan Milosan ◽  
Monica Florescu ◽  
Daniel Cristea ◽  
Ionelia Voiculescu ◽  
Mihai Alin Pop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Solar Furnace ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aisi 316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 316

The appropriate selection of implant materials is very important for the long-term success of the implants. A modified composition of AISI 316 stainless steel was treated using solar energy in a vertical axis solar furnace and it was subjected to a hyper-hardening treatment at a 1050 °C austenitizing temperature with a rapid cooling in cold water followed by three variants of tempering (150, 250, and 350 °C). After the heat treatment, the samples were analyzed in terms of hardness, microstructure (performed by scanning electron microscopy), and corrosion resistance. The electrochemical measurements were performed by potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in liquids that simulate biological fluids (NaCl 0.9% and Ringer’s solution). Different corrosion behaviors according to the heat treatment type have been observed and a passivation layer has formed on some of the heat-treated samples. The samples, heat-treated by immersion quenching, exhibit a significantly improved pitting corrosion resistance. The subsequent heat treatments, like tempering at 350 °C after quenching, also promote low corrosion rates. The heat treatments performed using solar energy applied on stainless steel can lead to good corrosion behavior and can be recommended as unconventional thermal processing of biocompatible materials.

scholarly journals Microstructure of laser metal deposited duplex stainless steel: Influence of shielding gas and heat treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Asuncion Valiente Bermejo ◽  
Karthikeyan Thalavai Pandian ◽  
Björn Axelsson ◽  
Ebrahim Harati ◽  
Agnieszka Kisielewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Austenite Content ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Phase Balance

AbstractThis research work is the first step in evaluating the feasibility of producing industrial components by using Laser Metal Deposition with duplex stainless steel Wire (LMDw). The influence of Ar and N2 shielding gases was investigated in terms of nitrogen loss and in the microstructure and austenite content of different deposited geometries. The evolution of the microstructure in the build-up direction of the Ar and N2-shielded blocks was compared in the heat-treated and as-deposited conditions. The susceptibility for oxygen pick-up in the LMDw deposits was also analyzed, and oxygen was found to be in the range of conventional gas-shielded weldments. Nitrogen loss occurred when Ar-shielding was used; however, the use of N2-shielding prevented nitrogen loss. Austenite content was nearly doubled by using N2-shielding instead of Ar-shielding. The heat treatment resulted in an increase of the austenite content and of the homogeneity in the microstructure regardless of the shielding gas used. The similarity in microstructure and the low spread in the phase balance for the as-deposited geometries is a sign of having achieved a stable and consistent LMDw process in order to proceed with the build-up of more complex geometries closer to industrial full-size components.

Effect of post-weld heat treatment on thermal diffusivity in UNS S32304 duplex stainless steel welds

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (88) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
E.G. Betini ◽  
C.S. Mucsi ◽  
T.S. Luz ◽  
M.T.D. Orlando ◽  
M-N. Avettand-Fènoël ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Austenite Phase ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Steel Welds ◽  
Weld Heat

Purpose: The thermal diffusivity variation of UNS S32304 duplex stainless steel welds was studied after pulsed GTA welding autogenous process without filler addition. This property was measured in the transverse section of thin plates after welding process and post-heat treated at 750°C for 8 h followed by air-cooling. Design/methodology/approach: The present work reports measurements of thermal diffusivity using the laser-flash method. The thermal cycles of welding were acquired during welding by means of k-type thermocouples in regions near the weld joint. The used shielding gas was pure argon and 98% argon plus 2% of nitrogen. The temperature profiles were obtained using a digital data acquisition system. Findings: It was found an increase of thermal diffusivity after welding process and a decrease of these values after the heat treatment regarding the solidified weld pool zone, irrespective of the welding protection atmosphere. The microstructure was characterized and an increase of austenite phase in the solidified and heat-affected zones was observed for post-weld heat-treated samples. Research limitations/implications: It suggests more investigation and new measurements about the influence of the shielding gas variation on thermal diffusivity in the heat-affected zone. Practical implications: The nuclear industry, especially, requests alloys with high thermal stability in pipes for power generation systems and safe transportation equipment’s for radioactive material. Thus, the duplex stainless steel grades have improved this stability over standard grades and potentially increase the upper service temperature reliability of the equipment. Originality/value: After heat treatment, the welded plate with 98%Ar plus 2%N2 as shielding gas presented a thermal diffusivity closer to the as received sample. By means of 2%-nitrogen addition in shielding gas during GTAW welding of duplex stainless steel may facilitate austenite phase reformation, and then promotes stability on the thermal diffusivity of duplex stainless steels alloys.

Microstructure and Properties of Heat-Treated 440C Martensitic Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Hawa Mohamed Salleh ◽  
Mohd Nazree Derman ◽  
Mohd Zaidi Omar ◽  
Junaidi Syarif ◽  
S. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Ferrite Matrix ◽  
Rapid Quenching ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample

440C martensitic stainless steels are widely used because of their good mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of 440C martensitic stainless steel were evaluated after heat treatment of these materials at various types of heat treatment processes. The initial part of this investigation focused on the microstructures of these 440C steels. Microstructure evaluations from the as-received to the as-tempered condition were described. In the as-received condition, the formations of ferrite matrix and carbide particles were observed in this steel. In contrast, the precipitation of M7C3carbides and martensitic structures were present in this steel due to the rapid quenching process from the high temperature condition. After precipitation heat treatment, the Cr-rich M23C6carbides were identified within the structures. Moreover, a 30 minutes heat-treated sample shows the highest value of hardness compared to the others holding time. Finally, the tempering process had been carried out to complete the whole heat treatment process in addition to construct the secondary hardening phenomenon. It is believed that this phenomenon influenced the value of hardness of the 440C steel.

Heat Treatment Effect on Pitting Corrosion of Super Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32750 GTA Welds

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
In June Moon ◽  
Bok Su Jang ◽  
Jin Hyun Koh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Super Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Σ Phase ◽  
Gas Tungsten Arc ◽  
Weld Metals ◽  
Pitting Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Treated

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heat treatment (930°C, 1080°C, 1230°C) followed by quenching on the pitting corrosion resistance, sigma phase precipitation, and microstructural change of a super duplex stainless steel (UNS S32750) welds made by gas tungsten arc (GTA). Based on the microstructural examination, the σ phase was formed in welds heat treated at 930°C while there were little σ phases formed in welds experienced the relatively fast cooling from 1080°C and 1230°C. Accordingly, the most weight loss due to pitting corrosion occurred in the as received base and weld metals heat treated at 930°C. It was confirmed that the pitting corrosion occurred in the phase boundaries of ferrite/sigma and austenite/sigma.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT AND PLASMA NITRIDING ON CORROSION RESISTANCE OF 440B MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Łępicka ◽  
Małgorzata Grądzka-Dahlke
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Steel Corrosion Resistance

Abstract Reliability and durability assurance poses a serious challenge for surgical instruments manufacturers. Hard working conditions, such as intermittent contact with body fluids and hard bone tissues, as well as necessity to undergo frequent sterilisation processes, induce constant research into solutions capable of ensuring high wear resistance while maintaining satisfactory imperviousness to corrosion. Plasma nitriding is marked as the modern corrosion resistance improving method suitable for surgical instruments steels. The paper presents findings from the heat treated and plasma nitrided AISI 440B (PN EN or DIN X90CrMoV18) steel corrosion resistance studies. Three conventionally heat treated (quenched with tempering in 250, 390 or 605°C) and three additionally plasma nitrided in N2:H2 reaction gas mixture (50:50, 35:65 and 20:80 ratio, respectively) specimens groups were examined. Furthermore, the authors evaluated the effect of machining - polishing and sandblasting - on investigated steel corrosion resistance. Microscopic observations and electrochemical corrosion tests were performed using a variety of analytical techniques. Results showed that, in comparison to conventional heat treatment, plasma nitriding of 440B stainless steel does not significantly affect its corrosive characteristics as far as the uniform nitride layer over the entire detail surface is obtained. The layer heterogeneity results in intensification of corrosion processes, making the material even more susceptible to corrosion than after conventional heat treatment, and contributing to severe, visible even with the unaided eye damages development.

scholarly journals Effect of Annealing Heat Treatment on the Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Hot Isostatic Pressed 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanwal Chadha ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
John Spray ◽  
Clodualdo Aranas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Annealing Heat Treatment ◽  
Annealing Heat

In this work, the microstructural features and mechanical properties of an additively manufactured 316L stainless steel have been determined. Three types of samples were characterized: (i) as printed (AP), (ii) annealing heat treated (AHT), and (iii) hot isostatic pressed and annealing heat treated (HIP + AHT). Microstructural analysis reveals that the AP sample formed melt pool boundaries with nano-scale cellular structures. These structures disappeared after annealing heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing. The AP and AHT samples have similar grain morphologies; however, the latter has a lower dislocation density and contains precipitates. Conversely, the HIP + AHT sample displays polygon-shaped grains with twin structures; a completely different morphology compared to the first two samples. Optical micrography reveals that the application of hot isostatic pressing reduces the porosity generated after laser processing. The tensile strengths of all the samples are comparable (about 600 MPa); however, the elongation of the HIP + AHT sample (48%) was superior to that of other two samples. The enhanced ductility of the HIP + AHT sample, however, resulted in lower yield strength. Based on these findings, annealing heat treatment after hot isostatic pressing was found to improve the ductility of as-printed 316L stainless steel by as much as 130%, without sacrificing tensile strength, but the sample may have a reduced (40%) yield strength. The tensile strength determined here has been shown to be higher than that of the hot isostatic pressed, additively manufactured 316L stainless steel available from the literature.

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