Freedom, creativity and the future of cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Melián ◽  
Gabriel Calzada Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Spontaneous Order ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
The Future

What will the cities of the future be like? This is a question that does not have an unequivocal response. The cities of the future will be developed by people who have not been born yet or who are not devoted to shaping urban planning policy and markets. Furthermore, these cities have not yet been created and will be created thanks to a knowledge that does not yet exist today. All we can do is try to draw along the general (alternative) guidelines according to which those future cities might be constructed and the consequences of every alternative. This work tries to analyze the main problems caused by today’s urban planning models and its results. Later we will try to explain the different general policy frameworks used to develop urban areas. Finally, we will offer a figure of the type of urban development and the economic consequences of every alternative. In this final step the author will analyze the scope that is granted to human creativity and social cooperation in each case. Key words: City, knowledge, creativity, entrepreneurship, prices, economic calculation, speculation, corruption, cartesian order, spontaneous order, developed or contractual law, customary law and urban planning. JEL Classification: R00, R40, R48, R50, R52, R58, K11, K12, K32. Resumen: ¿Cómo serán las ciudades del futuro? Esta es una pregunta que no tiene una respuesta inequívoca. Las ciudades del futuro serán desarrollados por personas que no han nacido aún o que no se dedican a la elaboración de las políticas de planificación urbana. Además, estas ciudades todavía no se han creado y se crearán gracias a un conocimiento que no existe aún hoy en día. Todo lo que podemos hacer es tratar de esbozar diferentes alternativas para la creación de las ciudades del futuro y las consecuencias de cada alternativa. Este trabajo pretende analizar los principales problemas causados por los modelos actuales de planificación urbana y sus resultados. Además vamos a tratar de explicar los diferentes marcos de política general utilizados para las espacios urbanos. Por último, se ofrecerán dos posibilidades de planeamiento urbano y las consecuencias económicas de cada alternativa. En esta parte final el autor analiza el alcance que se otorga a la creatividad humana y la cooperación social en cada caso. Palabras clave: Ciudad, Conocimiento,  creatividad, Función Empresarial, Precios, Cálculo Económico, Especulación, Corrupción, Orden Cartesiano, Orden Espontáneo, Leyes Contractuales o desarrolladas, Ley Consuetudinaria y Planeamiento Urbano. Clasificación JEL: R00, R40, R48, R50, R52, R58, K11, K12, K32.

El lenguaje como institución. Una aproximación de su función evolutiva, económica y política desde una perspectiva austriaca

2021 ◽  
pp. 305-340
Author(s):  
Nicolás Daniel Fernández Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Spontaneous Order ◽  
De Re ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Linguistic Problem

In this paper, we try to give a different perspective to the one that has been studied and offered in linguistics until now. Language starts as the main form of oral communication that is transmitted from generation to generation. Language is in constant evolution. One of the greatest evolutions in the linguistic field has been precisely writing. It represented perfectly the union of graphic ideas and concepts with the beginning of the religious beliefs. We also try to analyze which are the causes and consequences of interventionism in something as personal and private as language. We will try to demonstrate how socialism, even in linguistics, distorts the correct evolution of lan guage, remembering the Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights (1996) whose consequence is the strengthening of various nationalisms around the world. Finally, conclusions and solutions will be given to a very specific linguistic problem: Spain. Key words: Socialism, planification, spontaneous order, evolution, linguistics, language, pidgin, nationalism, economy, institution. JEL Classification: A1 (General Economics) → A12 (Relation of Economics to other Disciplines). Resumen: Este artículo pretende abordar una perspectiva diferente a la que se viene estudiando y ofreciendo en lingüística, pues el lenguaje comienza a forjarse como forma de comunicación oral que se transmite de generación en generación y que no deja de evolucionar. Está en constante evolución. Una de las mayores evoluciones en el campo de la lingüística fue precisamente la escritura que representaba a la perfección la unión de ideas o conceptos de forma gráfica y el comienzo de las creencias religiosas. En este mismo artículo analizamos cuáles son las causas de una interven - ción desde los poderes públicos en algo tan personal e intransferible como el len guaje, así como sus posibles consecuencias. Intentaremos, pues, demos - trar cómo el socialismo en materia lingüística (o su imposibilidad) distorsiona la correcta evolución del lenguaje, comenzando por la Declaración de De - re chos Lingüísticos del año 1996 que no ha hecho sino fortalecer un gran nú mero de nacionalismos a lo largo y ancho del globo terráqueo. Finalmente, intentaremos humildemente extraer conclusiones y poner posibles soluciones en un ejemplo muy concreto: España. Palabras clave: Socialismo, planificación, órden espontáneo, evolución, lingüística, lenguaje, pidgin, nacionalismo, economía, institución. Clasificación JEL: Dentro de A1 (General Economics), el apartado A12 (Rela tion of Economics to other Disciplines).

scholarly journals “Everything in this world has been given to us from cows”, a qualitative study on farmers’ perceptions of keeping dairy cattle in Senegal and implications for disease control and healthcare delivery

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247644
Author(s):  
Laura Craighead ◽  
Jacqueline M. Cardwell ◽  
Bhagyalakshmi Chengat Prakashbabu ◽  
Elhadji Ba ◽  
Imadidden Musallam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Views And Perceptions

The dairy industry in Senegal is growing and evolving against a backdrop of rapid urbanisation and increasing consumer demand for dairy products. Consideration of appropriate cattle healthcare delivery and disease control in these evolving farming systems is of paramount importance given the risks posed by zoonotic pathogens and the economic consequences of disease for livestock keepers. Planning and implementation of disease control and healthcare delivery generally follows a top down approach. Often this does not take into account the views and perceptions of the farmers it impacts and who must behave in the expected way for successful outcomes to materialise. In this study, we asked 76 farmers to discuss their experience and opinions of farming milk producing cattle in 11 focus group discussions conducted in two peri-urban areas of Senegal. The objectives were to investigate farmers’ perceptions of the current conditions in farming, to understand how these might impact the future direction of this particular system and how this might affect the feasibility and appropriate methods of cattle healthcare delivery and disease control. The data collected were subjected to thematic analysis and four themes were identified; 1. Revered cattle, 2. The changing face of livestock keeping, 3. Powerlessness, 4. Optimism for the future. Farmers in our study had a deep affinity with their cattle, they respected the traditions surrounding cattle keeping at the same time as striving for advances within the system and their animal’s productivity. Within strong social groupings and hierarchical structures they recognised the inherent challenges they face but were hopeful and optimistic about growth and opportunity in the future of milk production. A holistic approach to embedding healthcare delivery and disease control within the broader context in which farmers operate may prove successful. This could involve consideration of funding channels for farmers, access to appropriate inputs and utilising the strong community spirit and social norms of farmers to initiate and facilitate change.

scholarly journals El derecho urbanístico español. Introducción a una visión crítica desde la perspectiva de la Escuela Austriaca de Economía

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-109
Author(s):  
Joaquín Azpitarte
Keyword(s):  
Jel Classification ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Spontaneous Order ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
City Development ◽  
Comprehensive Planning ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Words Spontaneous

This paper provides an introductory analysis of the principles that inform urban planning in Spain, and shows how far removed it is from the principles of entrepreneurship, which promote freedom and the development of the potentialities of the individual. The massive body of legislation regulating city development in Spain has proven fatal to the economic prosperity of its citizens. Today, cities in Spain are the product of the most comprehensive planning imaginable (an «abuse of reason», to quote F.A. Hayek). From town planning to zoning and building volumes, every aspect is laid out in the Planes Generales de Ordenación (Comprehensive Urban Development Plans) drafted jointly by politicians and developers. Key words: Spontaneous order, planification, limitation of resources, urban legislation, dynamic efficiency, economic calculus, property. JEL Classification: B53, D43, D61, D73, H54, H76, H82, H83, K11, L38, O21, O38, P14, P25, P26, P35, R14, R21, R31, R38. Resumen: El presente artículo pretende mostrar de una forma introductoria como el derecho urbanístico español se fundamenta en principios muy alejados de la función empresarial, que permite que el ciudadano desarrolle sus facultades vitales plenamente y en libertad. Estructurado en un extenso cuerpo legal, el articulado que regula el crecimiento de la ciudad, afecta de forma inexorable a su desarrollo económico y al de sus habitantes. La ciudad moderna española es una ciudad íntegramente planificada. Se trata de un caso evidente del «abuso de la razón» que denunciaba Hayek. Todos los viales, zonas edificatorias, volúmenes y usos permitidos están ya contemplados y planificados por la administración pública a través de los llamados Planes Generales de Ordenación y sus redactores. Palabras clave: Orden espontáneo, planificación, limitación de los recursos, legislación urbanística, eficiencia dinámica, cálculo económico, propiedad. Clasificación JEL: B53, D43, D61, D73, H54, H76, H82, H83, K11, L38, O21, O38, P14, P25, P26, P35, R14, R21, R31, R38.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DAS VARIAÇÕES ESPACIAIS NO MUNICÍPIO DE PONTAL DO PARANÁ (PARANÁ – BRASIL), ENTRE OS ANOS DE 1980 e 2032 DECORRENTES DA INSTALAÇÃO DO COMPLEXO PORTUÁRIO

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
Jean Jesus Ilsuk da Silva ◽  
Sony Cortese Caneparo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Future ◽  
Clark University ◽  
Spatio Temporal

O município de Pontal do Paraná está localizado no litoral do estado do Paraná, na região sul do Brasil. Em 1995, foi aí instalado o Porto de Pontal Importação e Exportação LTDA e, em 2013, foi aprovada a licença ambiental para a construção de um complexo portuário neste município. Tal obra se apresenta como um desafio, devido ao potencial que o mesmo apresenta em produzir impactos ambientais e mudanças nos padrões de uso da terra.Essa pesquisa objetiva analisar as mudanças espaciais que podem ocorrer futuramente no uso da terra e na cobertura vegetal em Pontal do Paraná (2032), em virtude da instalação deste complexo. Foram utilizadas rotinas de sistemas de informações geográficas, inseridas no IDRISI TAIGA, da Clark University, dentre elas se destacam a  Cadeia de Markov e os Autômatos Celulares para a geração do cenário futuro. O resultado da modelagem preditiva (2032), em função da expansão portuária, foi um aumento nas áreas urbanas, fator que poderia impactar diretamente as áreas de Restingas, de Mangues e da Floresta Ombrófila Densa. O presente trabalho revelou que o uso da modelagem preditiva pode ser uma ferramenta bastante útil para a avaliação e interpretação de cenários futuros. Palavras-chave: Modelagem Preditiva; Ambiente Litorâneo; Dinâmica Espaço-Temporal.   ANALYSIS OF SPACE VARIATIONS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF PONTAL DO PARANÁ (PARANÁ - BRAZIL), BETWEEN 1980 AND 2032 ARISING FROM THE PORT COMPLEX INSTALLATION Abstract The city of Pontal do Paraná is located on the coast of the state of Paraná, in the southern region of Brazil. In 1995, the Port of Pontal Importação e Exportação Company was installed there, and in 2013, the environmental license was approved for the installation of a port complex in this municipality. This Port presents itself as a challenge, due to its potential in producing environmental impacts and changes in land use patterns. This research aims to analyze the spatial changes that may occur in the future of land use and vegetation cover of Pontal do Paraná (2032), due to the installation of this complex. Routines of geographic information systems, inserted in the IDRISI TAIGA, of Clark University, among them, the Markov Chain and the Cellular Automatics were used to generate the future scenario. The result of predictive modeling (2032), caused by the port expansion, was an increase in urban areas, a factor that could directly impact the areas of restingas,  mangroves, and the atlantic rainforest. The present study revealed that the use of predictive modeling can be a very useful tool for the evaluation and interpretation of future scenarios. Keywords: Predictive Modeling; Coastal Environment; Spatio-Temporal Dynamics.   ANÁLISIS DE LAS VARIACIONES ESPACIALES EN EL MUNICIPIO DE PONTAL DO PARANÁ (PARANÁ - BRASIL), ENTRE LOS AÑOS 1980 Y 2032 RESULTANTE DE LA INSTALACIÓN DEL COMPLEJO PORTUARIO Resumen El municipio de Pontal do Paraná está ubicado en la costa del estado de Paraná, en la región sur de Brasil. En 1995, se instaló el Puerto de Importación y Exportación de Pontal Ltd. y, en 2013, se aprobó el permiso ambiental para la construcción de un complejo portuario en este municipio. Esta obra se presenta como un desafío, debido a la posibilidad  de producir impactos ambientales y cambios en los patrones de uso de la tierra. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los cambios espaciales que puedan ocurrir en el futuro uso de la tierra y la vegetación en el Pontal do Paraná (2032), debido a la instalación de este complejo. Las rutinas se utilizan sistemas de información geográfica, insertado en el IDRISI TAIGA, Clark University, entre ellos se encuentran la Cadena de Markov y Autómatas Celulares para la generación de escenarios futuros. Los resultados de la modelización predictiva (2032), dependiendo de la expansión de lo puerto, fue un aumento en las zonas urbanas, un factor que podría tener un impacto directo sobre las áreas de Restinga, Manglares y Bosque Ombrophilous Denso. El presente estudio demostró que el uso de modelado predictivo puede ser una herramienta muy útil para la evaluación e interpretación de escenarios futuros. Palabras clave: Modelado Predictivo; Costero; Dinámica Espacio-Temporal.

scholarly journals Fundamento Ontológico del Modelo en Hayek

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-123
Author(s):  
Agustina Borella
Keyword(s):  
Market Equilibrium ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Spontaneous Order ◽  
Austrian School ◽  
Perfect Knowledge ◽  
Logical Foundation ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Ontological Foundation ◽  
Surrogate Systems

In the debate on realism of models in economics, the Austrian School and Hayek in particular, seem to have, in a certain way, remained outside. Assuming neoclassical models as unrealistic, the theory of the market as a pro- cess looks like a more realistic proposal. However, one of the fundamental issues in Hayek’s dissent is not so much the unrealism of the assumptions, but that the market equilibrium theory was not correctly raised, especially with regards to the perfect knowledge assumption. Despite this, in this setting and in line with a previous paper (Zanotti & Borella, 2015), we will argue that Hayek’s spontaneous order may be understood as the Austrian School’s «model», assuming Mäki’s MISS version of models (Models as Isolations and Surrogate Systems) and emphasizing the place of the ontological foundation of Hayek’s proposal when assessing his model. Keywords: Realism of models, Hayek, spontaneous order, MISS version, onto- logical foundation. JEL classification: B31, B40, B53. Resumen: En el debate sobre el realismo de los modelos en economía, la Escuela Austríaca y en particular Hayek, parece haber quedado en algún sen- tido afuera. Asumiendo a los modelos neoclásicos como irrealistas, la teoría del mercado como proceso parece presentarse como una propuesta más rea- lista. Sin embargo, uno de los puntos fundamentales en el disenso de Hayek no es tanto el irrealismo de los supuestos, sino que la teoría del equilibrio de mer- cado estaba mal planteada, especialmente en relación al supuesto de conoci- miento perfecto. A pesar de esto, en este encuadre y en línea con un trabajo anterior (Zanotti & Borella, 2015), mostraremos que el orden espontáneo de Hayek  puede  ser  entendido  como  «el  modelo»  de  la  Escuela  Austríaca, tomando la consideración MISS de los modelos de Mäki (Models as Isolations and Surrogate Systems) y destacando el lugar del fundamento ontológico de la propuesta de Hayek a la hora de evaluar su modelo. Palabras clave: Realismo de los modelos, Hayek, orden espontáneo, conside- ración MISS, fundamento ontológico. Clasificación JEL: B31, B40, B53.

ALTERNATIVE VIEWS ON OPTIMAL URBAN PLANNING MODEL AND WATER ISSUES

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Hafizah Abidin ◽  
Rohanin Ahmad ◽  
Syarifah Zyurina Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Issues

Urban planning is one of the prolific research fields nowadays. Lots of interesting research work has been done related to this field. Previous studies were only concerned with the contentment of residents and did not indicate any environmental factors. Consecutive researchers study the optimal city structures but in other different factors and views. The numerous urban planning models have been widely investigated for their application in many fields. However, most of the model is lacking the environmental characteristics especially related with water issues. Commonly, water issues associated with urban areas are runoffs, landslides, soil settles, water security to name a few. These problems normally are due to the disturbance of water absorption processes in the affected area. This paper intends to provide a bigger picture used as preliminary for further studies in the problems related with urban planning and water security. This paper investigates past research and highlights the significance similarity and gaps for further research. The past models on urban planning and the impact of urban development to water issues will be reviewed and the significance of these problems will be discussed. The investigation in this direction highlights the importance of water issues in developing urban area. 

scholarly journals Analysis of the theoretical settlement scenario implemented by the municipal plans. the case study of the Romagna coast municipalities

2020 ◽  
pp. 363-374
Author(s):  
Francesco Zullo ◽  
Lorena Fiorini ◽  
Alessandro Marucci ◽  
Bernardino Romano
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Settlement Structure ◽  
Case Study Area ◽  
The Future

In Italy, the transformative predictions of the municipal urban planning instruments are very often far away from the socio-economic dynamics. In fact, the political component considers the oversizing of urban transformative projections as a solution to improve the situation of the territories in crisis for several aspects. This work analyses the projections of the urban planning instruments in force in the coastal municipalities of Emilia-Romagna. The work aims to highlight how the planned urban areas can change the future settlement structure in the case study area.

scholarly journals Rules and information: An integral criticism of legislation

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-252
Author(s):  
Esteban Pérez Medina
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Spontaneous Order ◽  
Free Society ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Spontaneous Process ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Economic Goods ◽  
Do So

The goal of this paper is to produce a fundamental criticism of the legislation. However, to do so, we first need to understand the nature of custom-ary rules. For this task, we find it relevant to develop a rule theory founded on praxeology. This work studies how man produces claims over certain economic goods, how those claims can lead to conflict and the complex interactions that take place as a consequence of this. We will conclude that the rules produced in a free society as a result of said interactions condense relevant information that aids human coordination, propitiating a better resolution of future conflicts as well as their avoidance. Rules tell man what expectations he can rely on. Parting from this theory, we will explain how intervention on this spontaneous process by way of legislation produces critical consequences which we can only understand after acknowledging the process of rule formation. Keywords: praxeology, law, customary law, rules, expectations, spontaneous order, entrepreneurship, legislation. JEL codes: K0. Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es producir una crítica fundamental de la legislación. Sin embargo, para hacerlo, primero tenemos que comprender la naturaleza de las normas consuetudinarias. Para esta tarea, consideramos que es relevante el desarrollo de una teoría de reglas basada en la praxeología. Este trabajo estudia cómo el hombre genera reclamaciones sobre ciertos bie-nes económicos, cómo ellas pueden conducir a un conflicto y las complejas interacciones que se producen como consecuencia de ello. Llegaremos a la conclusión de que las reglas que se producen en una sociedad libre y como resultado de dichas interacciones, condensan información relevante que ayu-da a la coordinación humana, propiciando una mejor resolución y evitación de conflictos futuros. Las reglas indican al hombre en qué expectativas puede confiar. A partir de esta teoría, vamos a explicar cómo la intervención en este proceso espontáneo a través de la legislación produce consecuencias críticas que sólo podemos entender después de reconocer el proceso de formación de reglas. Palabras clave: praxeología, derecho, ley consuetudinaria, reglas, expectati-vas, orden espontáneo, función empresarial, legislación. Clasificación JEL: K0.

scholarly journals Austroliberalismo en Ibn Jaldún

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-81
Author(s):  
Carlos Villaescusa García
Keyword(s):  
Jel Classification ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Spontaneous Order ◽  
Austrian School ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Ludwig Von Mises ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Von Mises

Ibn Khaldun’s contributions to the development of economic thought in his great work al-Muqaddima have received almost no attention in Western academia. This paper studies the similarities between the thought of Ibn Khaldun and that of the leading authors of the liberal Austrian School, including Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich August von Hayek, and The School of Salamanca. Special attention is given to Professor Jesús Huerta de Soto’s work on the theory of the impossibility of socialism. This paper also examines how statist coercion and interventionism in areas such as trade, taxation and individual rights promote injustice and will lead to the eventual demise of civilization. The work of Ibn Khaldun captured the essence of a spontaneous order and of the evolution of institutions, and refuted the theory of the divine origin of kings well before the Age of Enlightenment. Lastly, this paper touches on important economic issues of interest to Austrian liberals such as the division of labor and specialization, cooperation, the role of markets, the price system, savings as a rationale for prosperity, the relation of wealth to population, the Laffer curve, the quantity theory of money, the subjective nature of value, and the correct interpretation of history. Key words: Liberalism, interventionism, coercion, Salamanca School, Austrian School. JEL Classification: B53. Resumen: Las contribuciones de Ibn Jaldún al desarrollo del pensamiento económico incluidas en su gran obra al-Muqaddima han pasado casi desaper - cibidos en el ámbito académico occidental. En este trabajo se examinan las similitudes entre el pensamiento de Ibn Jaldún y el de los principales autores del austro-liberalismo, como Ludwig von Mises y Friedrich August von Hayek, y con el de la Escuela de Salamanca. Prestando especial atención a Jesús Huerta de Soto y su teoría de la imposibilidad del socialismo desde el punto de vista de la coacción: los efectos negativos de la interferencia del Estado en el co-mercio, los impuestos y contra los derechos individuales que derivan en la in-justicia que causa la ruina de la civilización. Mostramos cómo Ibn Jaldún capta la esencia de un orden espontáneo y evolutivo de las instituciones, refuta la teoría del origen divino de los reyes anticipándose a la ilustración ya desde la Edad Media. Y en definitiva, aspectos económicos importantes comunes con las corrientes austro-liberales como son: la división del trabajo o especialización, la cooperación, el papel de los mercados, el sistema de precios, el ahorro como condición para la prosperidad, la riqueza de las naciones por razones de mayor o menor población, el concepto de la curva de Laffer, una intuición de la teoría cuantitativa del dinero, compresión de la naturaleza subjetiva del valor, o la interpretación correcta de la historia. Palabras clave: Liberalismo, intervencionismo, coacción, Escuela Salamanca, Escuela Austriaca. Clasificación JEL: B53.

scholarly journals Mercados medievales y orden social: una aproximación austriaca al caso inglés

2018 ◽  
pp. 189-228
Author(s):  
Roque Sampedro
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Spontaneous Order ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Economic Calculation ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Socioeconomic History ◽  
Market Networks

In this article we will attempt to analyze, from an austrian perspective, the main traits of late medieval English socioeconomic history, taking in account the so-called «commercialization model», which is an interpretative trend that highlights the importance of trade and markets in medieval economy. Thus, in the first place, we will explain the fundamental features of this model and, afterwards, some theoretical elements of the austrian perspective (institutions, spontaneous order, social space) will be presented. Starting from this, in the second place, the origins and development of medieval markets, understood as social spaces, will be explained. Afterwards, we will analyze the process of price-formation in these markets and, finally, we will study the emergence of a catallactic order and its main traits (economic calculation and market networks). Keywords: medieval markets, commercialisation model, social space, Austrian theory of institutions, catallactic medieval order. JEL Classification: N01, N93, P16, Z13 Resumen: En este artículo nos proponemos analizar, a partir de una perspec-tiva austríaca, los rasgos principales de la historia socioeconómica inglesa de la Edad Media, teniendo en cuenta especialmente el llamado «commercialisa-tion model», una línea interpretativa que insiste en la importancia del comercio y los mercados en la economía medieval. Así, en primer lugar se explicarán las características fundamentales de este modelo, y a continuación, se presenta-rán algunos elementos teóricos (instituciones, orden espontáneo, espacio social) de la perspectiva austríaca. A partir de estas cuestiones, en segundo lugar, se pasará a explicar los orígenes y desarrollo de los mercados medieva-les, entendiéndolos como espacios sociales. A continuación, se analizarán los procesos de formación de precios en estos mercados y, finalmente, se estu-diará la emergencia de un orden cataláctico y sus rasgos principales (cálculo económico y redes de mercados). Palabras clave: mercados medievales, commercialisation model, espacio social, teoría austríaca de las instituciones, orden cataláctico medieval. Clasificación JEL: N01, N93, P16, Z13

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