scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC EVALUATION OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF IFLOGA SPICATA (FORSSK.) SCH.BIP

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
Y. M. KHAN ◽  
S. JAN ◽  
F. ULLAH ◽  
A. K. AWAN ◽  
N. MUHAMMAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Tbars Level ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

The current study reveals the pharmacological and phytochemical potential of different solvent fractions of Ifloga spicata. Antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities, DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, and cytotoxic effects of plant samples on lymphocytes stressed with hydrogen were performed. Ifloga spicata ethyl acetate fraction markedly showed higher antibacterial potential against P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and E. Coli (ATCC 25922) bacteria. While higher antifungal potential was shown by the chloroform fraction against all three different a strain A. fumigates (ATCC 204305), A. flavus (ATCC 9643) and A. niger (ATCC 16404) as compared to others fractions of sample. DPPH maximum antioxidant potential was noted for methanolic extract followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform. Similarly, hydrogen peroxide effect was significantly decreased by ethyl acetate fraction. In blood lymphocytes the raise in ROS and TBARS level due to stress given by H2O2 was also recovered by different extracts of I. spicata. The decrease level of CAT, SOD and POD was also restored

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT PROFILES OF BARK, LEAVES AND SEEDS OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI (INDIAN BLACKBERRY)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Rabbeya Haroon ◽  
SeemalJelani ◽  
FakihaKomal Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Reducing Power Assay ◽  
Radical Scavenging Properties

Syzygiumcumini plant is well known for its medicinal values. This study focuses on the comparative antioxidative capacity of bark, leaves and seeds of Syzygiumcumini plant.Several fractions were made from the crude methanolic extract of bark, leaves and seeds in n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol and aqueous.Leaves aqueous fraction showed highest phenolic content of 253.6 ± 0.025mg/mL while seed aqueous showed maximum flavonoid content of 0.732 ± 0.0005 mg/mL among all extracts. Bark Ethyl acetate fraction via reducing power assay showed absorbance 3.27 ± 0.19 abs and methanolic and Ethyl acetate fraction of leaves via phosphomolybdate assay showed maximum reducing strength of 15.97 ± 0.008 and 15.97 ± 0.037 mg/mL respectively among all. Seed Chloroform fraction showed maximum TEAC value of 6.28 whereas, Ethyl acetate leaves fraction has shown maximum DPPH inhibition. Where, Hexane fraction of bark showed maximum antioxidant consumption against peroxyl radical at 1.24 at 500 nm among all.The results of the assays showed that, in general, all the extracts of Syzygiumcuminiposses considerable antioxidant and radical scavenging properties, however, polar fractions of all three samples i.e., aqueous and ethyl acetate  have exhibited a remarkable antioxidant behavior in all the antioxidant assays.

Antioxidant Potential and Total Phenolic Compounds of Extracts and Fractions of Pistasia atlantica

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Alidadi ◽  
Mohammad-Taghi Moradi ◽  
Majid Asadi-Samani ◽  
Zahra Lorigooini
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Ic50 Value

Different parts of Pistasia atlantica have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes in Iran. The aim of this study was to measurement and compare antioxidant activity and polyphenolic compounds of crude ethyl alcohol extract and four fractions of P. atlantica leaf. Crude ethyl alcohol extract of P. atlantica leaf was prepared using maceration method and subjected to fractionation with different polarity. The antioxidant potential of all these fractions was evaluated by the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity method. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol components were measured with Folin-Ciocaltiue and Chlorid Aluminum methods. According to the radical scavenging capacity, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value 1.54±0.12 µg/ml, followed by the chloroform fraction with higher percent inhibition of the DPPH with 3.4±0.11 µg/ml. The results are represented relative to a reference standard, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with IC50 value of 33.5±3.67μg/ml. Among these fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction and chloroform fraction had the highest amount of total phenolic compounds with value of 532.73 and 355.14 mg GAE/g, respectively. The results of this study showed that some fractions of P. atlantica leaf extract could be used as easily accessible source of natural antioxidants

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil and Fractions of Ethanolic extract of Echinops kebericho Tuber

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serawit Deyno ◽  
Derick Hope ◽  
Joel PhD Ba ◽  
Eyasu Makonnen ◽  
Paul E. Alele
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Routes Of Administration

Abstract Background: Echinops kebericho is an endemic medicinal plant in Ethiopia traditionally used for treatment of various infectious diseases through different routes of administration such as inhalation, orally chewed, and topically sprayed to affected area. This study investigated antibacterial activity of the essential oil (EO) and the different fractions of ethanolic extract of Echinops kebericho tuber.Results: MIC of EO ranged from 78.125 µg/ml – 625 µg/ml and it was most active against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA, NCTC 12493). Ethyl acetate fraction showed better activity against MRSA (NCTC 12493), MIC = 39.075 µg/ml followed by E. faecalis (ATCC 49532), MIC = 78.125 µg/ml and was least active against K. pneumonia (ATCC 700603), MIC = 1250 µg/ml. MIC of hexane fraction ranged from 156.2- µg/ml to E. faecalis (ATCC 49532) to 1250 µg/ml to E. coli (NCTC 11954). Chloroform fraction MIC ranged from 312.5 - 2500µg/ml; while butanol fraction could be considered pharmacologically inactive as its MIC value is 2500 µg/ml for all and no activity shown for E. coli (NCTC 11954). The MIC of DMSO against all strains ranged 12.5- 25 % w/v. The MIC estimated by OD measurement correlated well with that of resazurin assay method.Conclusion: Essential oil and ethyl acetate fraction showed noteworthy antibacterial activity, and MRSA was the most susceptible strain. Further study, however, should be done to investigate the effect on the isolated active component(s).

scholarly journals Potential of corncobs (Zea mays) fraction as tyrosinase inhibitor and natural antioxidant in vitro

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
I.K. Dewi ◽  
S. Pramono ◽  
A. Rohman ◽  
R. Matien
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Inhibition Test ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Tyrosinase Enzyme

Corncobs (Zea mays) are beneficial to human health as they contain tyrosinase inhibitors and natural antioxidants, but they are not used as they are considered as waste. This research evaluated the inhibition test towards tyrosinase enzyme and antioxidant activity of corncob fraction using in-vitro DPPH method and its correlation to phenolic and flavonoids. Corncob fraction was extracted using the maceration method applying 70% ethanol solvent. The ethanol extract of corncob was suspended by water and then partitioned with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aquadest to produce three fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aquadest fractions). These fractions were analyzed through the tyrosinase inhibition test, applying in vitro tyrosinase enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity using radical scavenging test DPPH (2 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Meanwhile, the total phenolic and flavonoids content tests were determined spectroscopically. The results showed ethyl acetate fraction had the highest tyrosinase activity with IC50 values of 185.76 µg/mL, followed by the aquadest fraction (IC50 676.44µg/ml) and the chloroform fraction (IC50 709.26 µg/mL). The antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging method exhibited that ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 of 25.79 µg/mL followed by the chloroform fraction (IC50 of 29.15 µg/mL) and the aquadest fraction (IC50 of 32.41 µg/mL). The total phenolic content of the corncob fraction ranged between 1.73 to 7.43% (w/w) gallic acid equivalents (GAE), while the entire flavonoid content ranged between 0.01 to 1.34% (w/ w) quercetin equivalent (QE). The tyrosinase activity and antioxidants of the corncob fractions correlated with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Role of the Aerial Parts of Aconitum violaceum

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farman Ali Khan ◽  
Sardaraz Khan ◽  
Nasir Mehmood Khan ◽  
Hidayatullah Khan ◽  
Shahnaz Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Ic50 Values

Abstract. In the current studies, crude and subsequent fractions of Aconitum violaceum aerial parts were screened for their toxicity, antimicrobial effects as well as antioxidant potential. Phytochemically, the plant is enriched in alkaloids alongside anthraquinones (present in ethyl acetate fraction (AV3) and saponins (detected in chloroform fraction (AV2). In Brine shrimp lethality assay, AV3 was the most potent (59 %) in killing Artemia naupili larvae at a dose of 1000 µg/mL. AV3 exhibited strongest antimicrobial effect against the bacteria E. coli (80 %) and S. flexneri (76 %) as well as against the tested fungi, A. niger (86 %) respectively. However, chloroform fraction (AV2) was the most effective (almost 90 %) antifungal against A. niger and C. albicans. Overall, strong antioxidant activity was observed for AV3 with IC50 values of 120.04 ± 0.4 µg/mL (65.4 ± 0.01 standard) in DPPH and 125.1 ± 0.3 µg/mL (2.0 ± 0.03 standard) in ABTS free radical assays. AV3 showed promising inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) 70 ± 0.8 % and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) 57 ± 0.2 % at dose of 100 µg/mL thus confirming a potent invitro cholinesterase inhibitory effect. The overall results indicated strong biological potential of ethyl acetate fraction obtained form A. violaceum and a possible new therapeutic source could be formulated from its pure isolates.   Resumen.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals of Minthostachys diffusa Epling and Their Health-Promoting Bioactivities

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Immacolata Faraone ◽  
Daniela Russo ◽  
Lucia Chiummiento ◽  
Eloy Fernandez ◽  
Alka Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Health Promoting

The genus Minthostachys belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and is an important South American mint genus used commonly in folk medicine as an aroma in cooking. The phytochemical-rich samples of the aerial parts of Minthostachys diffusa Epling. were tested for pharmacological and health-promoting bioactivities using in vitro chemical and enzymatic assays. A range of radical scavenging activities of the samples against biological radicals such as nitric oxide and superoxide anion and against synthetic 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals, the ferric reducing antioxidant power and the lipid peroxidation inhibition were determined and ranked using the ‘relative antioxidant capacity index’ (RACI). The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest RACI of +1.12. Analysis of the various fractions’ inhibitory ability against enzymes involved in diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and against enzymes associated with Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s diseases (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) also suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction showed more than 30 polyphenolic compounds, including triterpenes. The inhibitory cholinesterase effects of the triterpenes identified from M. diffusa were further analysed by in silico docking of these compounds into 3D-structures of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. This is the first study on pharmacological activities and phytochemical profiling of the aerial parts of M. diffusa, showing that this plant, normally used as food in South America, is also rich in health-promoting phytochemicals.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity in Rheum emodi Wall (Himalayan Rhubarb)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2555
Author(s):  
Sang Koo Park ◽  
Yoon Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Abts Assay ◽  
Ic50 Values

Using natural products as antioxidant agents has been beneficial to replace synthetic products. Efforts have been made to profile the antioxidant capacities of natural resources, such as medicinal plants. The polyphenol content of Himalayan rhubarb, Rheum emodi wall, was measured and the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and ABTS+ assay, and the oxidative stress was assessed using SOD enzymatic assay. Five different solvent fractions, n-hexane, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and water, were used for screening the antioxidant capacity in effort to determine the optimum extraction solvent. The total phenolic contents for R. emodi fractions ranged from 27.76 to 209.21 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry weight. DPPH and ABTS+ assay results are presented into IC50 values, ranged from 21.52 to 2448.79 μg/mL and 90.25 to 1718.05 μg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity among other fractions. Also, n-butanol and water fractions showed significantly lower IC50 values than the positive control in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The IC50 values of SOD assay of fractions ranged from 2.31 to 64.78 μg/mL. A similar result was observed with ethyl acetate fraction showing the highest SOD radical scavenging activity. The study suggests that the ethyl acetate fraction of R. emodi possess the strongest antioxidant activity, thus the most efficient in extracting antioxidant contents. Moreover, a highly significant correlation was shown between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity screening assays. The compounds related to the antioxidant activity of R. emodi were identified to myricitrin, myricetin 3-galloyl rhamnoside, and myricetin, which have not been reported in studies about R. emodi before.

Comparative free radical scavenging and hypoglycemic activities of n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, and aqueous fractions of Azanza garckeana pulp

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Abubakar A. Yusuf ◽  
Toheeb D. Yissa ◽  
Abdulhakeem Rotimi Agboola ◽  
Sodiq M Balogun ◽  
Peter O. Adeboye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Glucose Reduction

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing on a global trend. The aim of the present study is to identify the most effective antioxidants and hypoglycemic fraction of Azanza garckeana. Methods: The fractions (nhexane or ethyl-acetate or aqueous) of A. garckeana were administered to the alloxan-induced diabetic rats at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for 15 days. Antioxidants activities were evaluated at concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL using the DPPH scavenging assay. Results: Results revealed that both the hexane, ethyl-acetate, and aqueous fractions exhibited hypoglycemic and antioxidants activities in a dose-dependent manner. The n-hexane fraction demonstrated highest percentage DPPH scavenging effect of 26.34±3.43, 38.44±4.35, 59.34±3.45, and 74.83±5.35 at 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL respectively. The ethyl-acetate fraction demonstrated 19.33±2.98, 28.94±3.24, 47.34±2.90, and 57.82±4.54 respectively while the aqueous fraction exhibited the least activities of 12.45±23.45, 18.64±2.94, 27.94±3.89, and 39.43±3.89 at concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL respectively. In addition, the n-hexane fraction demonstrated the most significant hypoglycemic effect with the highest glucose reduction of 58.97 ±3.45 %, 63.86±5.35 %, and 66.51±4.35 %, ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated glucose reduction of 7.55±0.54%, 21.77±2.35 %, and 29.56±3.46 % while the aqueous fraction demonstrated the least hypoglycemic effect of 9.89±2.67 %, 18.09±3.45 %, and 18.87±3.24 at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw respectively. Conclusion: The n-hexane fraction of Azanza garckeana extract could serve as a reservoir of bioactive agents that could be useful for the development of a new anti-diabetic agent

scholarly journals POLYPHENOL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF Allophylus edulis (A. St.-Hil. et al.) Hieron. ex Niederl. AND Cupania vernalis Cambess. (SAPINDACEAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Michel Sobottka ◽  
Elisandra Tessaro ◽  
Suelen Maier da Silva ◽  
Marina Pedron ◽  
Lara Tortini Seffrin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

ABSTRACT Allophylus edulis and Cupania vernalis (Sapindaceae) are Brazilian native trees used as medicinal plants for the treatment of respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and skin diseases. Ubiquitously distributed in the Brazilian territory, these species are indicated for mixed plantations aimed at the recovery of degraded ecosystems. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions obtained from A. edulis and C. vernalis leaves were assessed. The TPC and TFC was determined spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The extracts were obtained by two methods: maceration (method 1) and Soxhlet (method 2). Solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) were used to obtained the fractions. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction from A. edulis, obtained from the maceration method, had the highest TPC (442.0 ± 18.2 mg GAE g-1) and TFC (58.1 ± 0.4 mg RUE g-1), and antioxidant activity (EC50 = 43.6 ± 2.6 µg mL-1). By C. vernalis, superior results were obtained with the n-butanol fraction (TPC = 126.1 ± 5.8 mg GAE g-1, TFC = 37.7 ± 0.6 mg RUE g-1). The highest antioxidant potential was found in the crude hydroalcoholic extract (EC50 = 816.1 ± 50.9 µg mL-1) and butanol fraction (1,156.4 ± 3.8 µg mL-1). The results of this study show that the fractions obtained by maceration and liquid-liquid partition with more polar solvents (ethyl acetate and n-butanol) are the richest in TPC and TFC, and presented the greater antioxidant activity. Comparing the two plants, A. edulis showed the best results, with a high content of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant potential, and therefore may be used to treat diseases related to oxidative stress.

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