scholarly journals Characteristics and Anaerobic Digestion of Fruits Wastes from Ubungo-Urafiki Market in Dar Es Salaam

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Edwir N. Richard Aloyce ◽  
Aloyce W. Mayo ◽  
Richard J. Kimwaga
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
Fruit Wastes

Fruits are susceptible to mechanical damages during their transfer to the markets if they are not packed well in containers. Hence fruits wastes are generated in large quantities and because of their organic nature they decompose, which leads to environmental problems. The objective of this research was to quantify and characterize the fruits wastes generated from the Ubungo Urafiki Market in Ubungo Municipality and to establish the potential treatment of these wastes by anaerobic digestion. The data were collected in the field to establish the characteristics quantity of wastes generated in order to determine the potential degradation of fruit wastes using anaerobic digestion process. The market receives seven main kinds of fruits including pineapples, mangoes, water melons, avocados, oranges; paw paws and ripe bananas, which generate about 4.85 tons of fruit wastes per day. The leading fruits with higher percentage of wastes were water melons and oranges, which generated about 800 kg/day and 797 kg/day, respectively. The results of batch plants experiments showed that the reactor with fruit waste-cattle manure-wood ash mixtures had a maximum biogas yield of 34.2 liters while the reactor with fruit wastes-mixtures had lowest biogas yields of 0.1 liters. The reactor with fruit waste- wood ash mixtures had high volatile solid and total solid removal efficiencies of 8.0% and 14.3%, respectively. For the maximization of biogas production wood ash was recommended in order to raise the pH value of the fruit wastes. The batch reactor used in this study was limiting pH control and therefore activities of methanogenic bacteria. It is recommended to adopt a semi continuous or continuous reactor in order to limit excessive production of organic acids, which are responsible for inhibition of biogas production.

scholarly journals Biogas Production from Combined Irish Potato and Poultry Wastes: Optimization and Kinetic Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.36) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Umar M. Ibrahim ◽  
Saeed I. Ahmed ◽  
Babagana Gutti ◽  
Idris M. Muhammad ◽  
Usman D. Hamza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Potato Waste ◽  
Initial Ph

The combination of Irish potato waste (IPW) and poultry waste (PW) can form a synergy resulting into an effective substrate for a better biogas production due to some materials they contain. In this work, optimization and kinetic study of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of IPW and PW was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize conditions such as initial pH, solids concentrations and waste ratios. The anaerobic digestion of the two wastes was carried out in the mesophilic condition and Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to develop and analyze a predictive model which describes the biogas yield. The results revealed that there is a good fit between the experimental and the predicted biogas yield as revealed by the coefficient of determination (R2) value of 97.93%. Optimization using quadratic RSM predicts biogas yield of 19.75% at the optimal conditions of initial pH value 7.28, solids concentration (w/v) 9.85% and waste ratio (IPW:PW) 45:55%. The reaction was observed to have followed a first order kinetics having R2 and relative squared error (RSE) values of 90.61 and 9.63% respectively. Kinetic parameters, such as rate constant and half-life of the biogas yield were evaluated at optimum conditions to be 0.0392 day-1 and 17.68 days respectively. The optimum conditions and kinetic parameters generated from this research can be used to design real bio-digesters, monitor substrate concentrations, simulate biochemical processes and predict performance of bio-digesters using IPW and PW as substrate.  

Experimental and Modelling Approach of Biogas Production by Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Resources

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1294-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Alina Dumitrel ◽  
Adrian Eugen Cioabla ◽  
Ioana Ionel ◽  
Lucia Ana Varga
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Agricultural Resources ◽  
Methane Production Rate ◽  
Modelling Approach

Anaerobic digestion processes of agricultural resources, as single substrates (wheat bran and barley) or as combination of substrates (75 % corn&25% corn cob � named MIX1 and 40 % corn & 40 % wheat&20 % sunflower husks � named MIX2), were performed, at a mesophilic temperature in a batch reactor, at pilot scale. The results proved that the higher quantity of biogas yield was achieved for barley, followed by MIX1, and finally MIX2. The same order was obtained when the total methane production was evaluated. The performances of digesters were mathematically evaluated by using the modified Gompertz equation. The kinetic parameters, such as the methane production potential (MP), the maximum methane production rate (Rm) and the extent of lag phase (l) were calculated, for each experimental case. The values of the performance indicators confirmed that all the models fitted well with the experimental data.

Experimental Study on Potential of Biogas Fermentation with Lily Straw

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Hong Yang ◽  
Wu Di Zhang ◽  
Xing Ling Zhao ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yu Bao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
The Third

This paper studies on the biogas production yield of which use the lily straw as raw material and the fermentation is batch by batch at 30°C. In the third day of fermentation, fermented liquid became acidic. But it can be back to normal with the action of the anaerobic microbe. Its biogas yield is higher than the other group to adjust pH value. So gas production potential of the lily straw is 475ml/gTS and 573ml/gVS with 31 days of anaerobic digestion. The volumetric biogas production rate reaches 0.19ml/ml/d.

scholarly journals Biogas potential of organic waste onboard cruise ships — a yet untapped energy source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Schumüller ◽  
Dirk Weichgrebe ◽  
Stephan Köster
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Detailed Presentation

AbstractTo tap the organic waste generated onboard cruise ships is a very promising approach to reduce their adverse impact on the maritime environment. Biogas produced by means of onboard anaerobic digestion offers a complementary energy source for ships’ operation. This report comprises a detailed presentation of the results gained from comprehensive investigations on the gas yield from onboard substrates such as food waste, sewage sludge and screening solids. Each person onboard generates a total average of about 9 kg of organic waste per day. The performed analyses of substrates and anaerobic digestion tests revealed an accumulated methane yield of around 159 L per person per day. The anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste (50:50 VS) emerged as particularly effective and led to an increased biogas yield by 24%, compared to the mono-fermentation. In the best case, onboard biogas production can provide an energetic output of 82 W/P, on average covering 3.3 to 4.1% of the total energy demand of a cruise ship.

Influence of Ultrasound on the Synthesis of Biogas During Disposal of Beer Spent Grain

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Владимир Владимирович Житков ◽  
Борис Николаевич Федоренко
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Ultrasonic Pretreatment ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Spent Grains ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process

Ультразвуковая предварительная обработка считается экологически чистым процессом для повышения биоразлагаемости органических веществ при анаэробном сбраживании. Однако количество потребляемой энергии во время предварительной обработки является проблемой, особенно в тех случаях, когда производство энергии является основной целью биогазовой установки. Основной целью настоящего исследования работы было изучение эффективности ультразвуковой предварительной обработки для увеличения производства биогаза из отходов пивоваренного производства - пивной дробины. Результаты показали, что применение частоты 40 кГц при температуре 40 °С соответственно привело к увеличению выхода биогаза на 83%. Методология показала положительный результат в отношении содержания метана и скорости производства биогаза. Использование ультразвуковой предварительной обработки в отношении пивоваренной дробины для производства биогаза, по-видимому, позволяет решить проблемы не только эффективной утилизации пивоваренных отходов, но и создать экономически эффективный ресурс возобновляемой энергии на пивоваренном или аффилированном с ним производстве. Ultrasonic pretreatment is considered an environmentally friendly process to increase the biodegradability of organic substances during anaerobic digestion. However, the amount of energy consumed during pretreatment is a problem, especially in cases where energy production is the main purpose of the biogas plant. The main purpose of this study was to study the effectiveness of ultrasonic pretreatment to increase the production of biogas from brewing waste - brewer's grains. The results showed that the use of a frequency of 40 kHz at a temperature of 40 °C, respectively, led to an increase in the biogas yield by 83%. The methodology showed a positive result in terms of methane content and biogas production rate. The use of ultrasonic pretreatment for brewing spent grains for biogas production seems to solve the problems of not only efficient disposal of brewing waste, but also to create an economically efficient resource of renewable energy in brewing or its affiliated production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Wastewater in an Innovative Multi-Section Horizontal Flow Reactor

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Dębowski ◽  
Marcin Zieliński ◽  
Marta Kisielewska ◽  
Joanna Kazimierowicz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Yield

The aim of this study was the performance evaluation of anaerobic digestion of dairy wastewater in a multi-section horizontal flow reactor (HFAR) equipped with microwave and ultrasonic generators to stimulate biochemical processes. The effects of increasing organic loading rate (OLR) ranging from 1.0 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L·d to 4.0 g COD/L·d on treatment performance, biogas production, and percentage of methane yield were determined. The highest organic compounds removals (about 85% as COD and total organic carbon—TOC) were obtained at OLR of 1.0–2.0 g COD/L·d. The highest biogas yield of 0.33 ± 0.03 L/g COD removed and methane content in biogas of 68.1 ± 5.8% were recorded at OLR of 1.0 g COD/L·d, while at OLR of 2.0 g COD/L·d it was 0.31 ± 0.02 L/COD removed and 66.3 ± 5.7%, respectively. Increasing of the OLR led to a reduction in biogas productivity as well as a decrease in methane content in biogas. The best technological effects were recorded in series with an operating mode of ultrasonic generators of 2 min work/28 min break. More intensive sonication reduced the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of dairy wastewater as well as biogas production. A low nutrient removal efficiency was observed in all tested series of the experiment, which ranged from 2.04 ± 0.38 to 4.59 ± 0.68% for phosphorus and from 9.67 ± 3.36 to 20.36 ± 0.32% for nitrogen. The effects obtained in the study (referring to the efficiency of wastewater treatment, biogas production, as well as to the results of economic analysis) proved that the HFAR can be competitive to existing industrial technologies for food wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Opportunity of Biogas Production from Solid Organic Wastes through Anaerobic Digestion

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 05025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagor Kumar Pramanik ◽  
Fatihah Binti Suja ◽  
Biplob Kumar Pramanik ◽  
Shahrom Bindi Md Zain
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Pre Treatment

Solid organic wastes create potential risks to environmental pollution and human health due to the uncontrolled discharge of huge quantities of hazardous wastes from numerous sources. Now-a-days, anaerobic digestion (AD) is considered as a verified and effective alternative compared to other techniques for treating solid organic waste. The paper reviewed the biological process and parameters involved in the AD along with the factors could enhance the AD process. Hydrolysis is considered as a rate-limiting phase in the complex AD process. The performance and stability of AD process is highly influenced by various operating parameters like temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen ratio, retention time, and organic loading rate. Different pre-treatment (e.g. mechanical, chemical and biological) could enhance the AD process and the biogas yield. Co-digestion can also be used to provide suitable nutrient balance inside the digester. Challenges of the anaerobic digestion for biogas production are also discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Heavy Metals in the Performance of Anaerobic Digestion of Olive Mill Waste

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalideh Al bkoor Alrawashdeh ◽  
Eid Gul ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Haiping Yang ◽  
Pietro Bartocci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Olive Mill Waste ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Mill Waste ◽  
Olive Mill

This study presents an investigation on the effect of heavy metals on the production of biogas during the process of anaerobic digestion (AD) of olive mill waste (OMW). The poisonous effect and the inhibitory influence of Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr on the digestion process are investigated and determined. Biomethanation potential tests are performed for this sake. Adding some of the heavy metals to the AD decreases the efficiency of biogas production and methane concentration and decreases the reduction in the VS, the TCOD, the SCOD, and the organic acid load. A critical increase in the total organic acid and inhibition of methanogenic bacteria was observed due to its toxicity. The toxicity of the heavy metals can be arranged according to increasing order: Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr > Zn > Fe, which leads to rapid poisoning of the active microorganisms. Iron may also exhibit stimulatory effects, but with a low rate and at a certain level. The conclusions of this work are important for the industry and help to understand how to carefully manage the presence of heavy metals in the digestate.

Application of the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model (ADM1) for simulating full-scale anaerobic sewage sludge digestion

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shang ◽  
B.R. Johnson ◽  
R. Sieger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids

A steady-state implementation of the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) has been applied to the anaerobic digesters in two wastewater treatment plants. The two plants have a wastewater treatment capacity of 76,000 and 820,000 m3/day, respectively, with approximately 12 and 205 dry metric tons sludge fed to digesters per day. The main purpose of this study is to compare the ADM1 model results with full-scale anaerobic digestion performance. For both plants, the prediction of the steady-state ADM1 implementation using the suggested physico-chemical and biochemical parameter values was able to reflect the results from the actual digester operations to a reasonable degree of accuracy on all parameters. The predicted total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) concentration in the digested biosolids, as well as the digester volatile solids destruction (VSD), biogas production and biogas yield are within 10% of the actual digester data. This study demonstrated that the ADM1 is a powerful tool for predicting the steady-state behaviour of anaerobic digesters treating sewage sludges. In addition, it showed that the use of a whole wastewater treatment plant simulator for fractionating the digester influent into the ADM1 input parameters was successful.

scholarly journals Performance of Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure Under Gradually Elevated Organic Loading Rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Mengfu Pei ◽  
Ling Qiu ◽  
Yiqing Yao ◽  
Congguang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Loading Rates

Poultry manure is the main source of agricultural and rural non-point source pollution, and its effective disposal through anaerobic digestion (AD) is of great significance; meanwhile, the high nitrogen content of chicken manure makes it a typical feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The performance of chicken-manure-based AD at gradient organic loading rates (OLRs) in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was investigated herein. The whole AD process was divided into five stages according to different OLRs, and it lasted for 150 days. The results showed that the biogas yield increased with increasing OLR, which was based on the volatile solids (VS), before reaching up to 11.5 g VS/(L·d), while the methane content was kept relatively stable and maintained at approximately 60%. However, when the VS was further increased to 11.5 g VS/(L·d), the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), pH, and alkalinity (CaCO3) rose to 2560 mg·L−1, 8.2, and 15,000 mg·L−1, respectively, while the volumetric biogas production rate (VBPR), methane content, and VS removal efficiency decreased to 0.30 L·(L·d)−1, 45%, and 40%, respectively. Therefore, the AD performance immediately deteriorated and ammonia inhibition occurred. Further analysis demonstrated that the microbial biomass yield and concentrations dropped dramatically in this period. These results indicated that the AD stayed steady when the OLR was lower than 11.5 g VS/(L·d); this also provides valuable information for improving the efficiency and stability of AD of a nitrogen-rich substrate.

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