scholarly journals Relationship between Parental Smoking and Children’s Pulmonary Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Trupti Sutaria ◽  
Neepa Talati ◽  
Apeksha Vaghasiya
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Parental Smoking ◽  
Class Interval ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Nose Clip

Purpose: To Study/Understand the Exposure-response Relationship between Parental Smoking and Children’s Pulmonary Function Materials and Method: Participants were selected randomly who fit into the inclusion criteria. Selected participants to be then made understood for the nature of study. Subjects were asked to seat upright on table / stool facing the Spirometer machine. Spirometer was done with the RMH Helios computerized Spirometer. Subjects were asked use nose clip and exhale complete and maximum air for long duration then immediately take deep inspiration followed by complete and maximum expiration for long time. Out of 3 or 4 manoeuvres the best manoeuvre was selected and % predicted of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25-75 was documented. Results: Statical analysis was done by using Parametric (unpaired t test) and or nonparametric (Mann Whitney) statical test with 95 % class interval (one tailed p). Spearman’s correlation test was obtained to check the relationship between variables. Conclusion: There is a significant reduction in PEFR due to obstructive effect of parental smoking (passive smoking) on pulmonary function of the children. And with increase in number of packs per years, there is a reduction in FEV1, FVC, PEFR and FEF25 -75 of children. Keywords: Passive Smoking, Pulmonary Function, children.

scholarly journals The temporal pattern of VR sickness during 7.5-h virtual immersion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Chen ◽  
Dongdong Weng
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this study, we assessed the relationship between exposure duration and VR sickness severity during 7.5-h virtual immersion. First, we showed that the VR sickness severity was positively correlated to the exposure duration: the longer participants were exposed to the VR environment, the more severe sickness symptoms they had. Second, we showed a dynamic sickness adaptation process during a long time of VR exposure: the sickness adaption effect that had already been established could be broken as the exposure duration continued to increase, and a new sickness adaption process would establish. Moreover, we showed a distinguishable symptom profile of HMD compared with LCD, which was insusceptible of exposure duration. This is the first report presenting the temporal pattern of VR sickness during such long-duration exposure. Our study could offer a predictive model of VR sickness severity level during long virtual immersion and provide suggestions for the use of VR technology for scientific study, clinical application, and business entertainment.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

Psychology: Volume 5

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
Western World ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Indian Setting ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Five of this survey, Explorations into Psyche and Psychology: Some Emerging Perspectives, examines the future of psychology in India. For a very long time, intellectual investments in understanding mental life have led to varied formulations about mind and its functions across the word. However, a critical reflection of the state of the disciplinary affairs indicates the dominance of Euro-American theories and methods, which offer an understanding coloured by a Western world view, which fails to do justice with many non-Western cultural settings. The chapters in this volume expand the scope of psychology to encompass indigenous knowledge available in the Indian tradition and invite engaging with emancipatory concerns as well as broadening the disciplinary base. The contributors situate the difference between the Eastern and Western conceptions of the mind in the practice of psychology. They look at this discipline as shaped by and shaping between systems like yoga. They also analyse animal behaviour through the lens of psychology and bring out insights about evolution of individual and social behaviour. This volume offers critique the contemporary psychological practices in India and offers a new perspective called ‘public psychology’ to construe and analyse the relationship between psychologists and their objects of study. Finally, some paradigmatic, pedagogical, and substantive issues are highlighted to restructure the practice of psychology in the Indian setting.

scholarly journals The impacts of mediating the work environment on the mode choice in work trips

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 592-605
Author(s):  
Melchior Bria ◽  
Ludfi Djakfar ◽  
Achmad Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The impacts of work characteristics on travel mode choice behavior has been studied for a long time, focusing on the work type, income, duration, and working time. However, there are no comprehensive studies on the influence of travel behavior. Therefore, this study examines the influence of work environment as a mediator of socio-economic variables, trip characteristics, transportation infrastructure and services, the environment and choice of transportation mode on work trips. The mode of transportation consists of three variables, including public transportation (bus rapid transit and mass rapid transit), private vehicles (cars and motorbikes), and online transportation (online taxis and motorbike taxis online). Multivariate analysis using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling method was used to explain the relationship between variables in the model. According to the results, the mediating impact of work environment is significant on transportation choices only for environmental variables. The mediating mode choice effect is negative for public transportation and complimentary for private vehicles and online transportation. Other variables directly affect mode choice, including the influence of work environment.

scholarly journals Nasal Morphology and Its Correlation to Craniofacial Morphology in Lateral Cephalometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3064
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jankowska ◽  
Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska ◽  
Katarzyna Grocholewicz
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Nasal Bone ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Base Angle ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Nose Shape ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

Nose shape, size, and inclination influence facial appearance, but few studies concern the relationship between the nasal profile and craniofacial structures. The objective of this study was to analyze association of nasal cephalometric variables with skeletal structures, age, and sex. Cephalometric and nasal analysis was performed in 386 Polish orthodontic patients (aged 9–25 years). Student t-test and Mann–Whitney test were used to compare quantitative variables and Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation coefficients—to find correlations. Soft tissue facial convexity angle correlates to Holdaway ratio, ANB (A-Nasion-B), and Wits appraisal. Nasal dorsum axis, nose length, nose depth (1) and nose depth (2), nose hump, lower dorsum convexity, and columella convexity increase with age. Nasal base angle, nasolabial angle, nasomental angle, soft tissue facial convexity and nasal bone angle decrease with age. Nasal base angle and nasomental angle are smaller in females. Thus, a relationship exists between nasal morphology and sagittal jaw configuration. Nasal parameters significantly change with age. Sexual dimorphism characterizes nasal bone angle and nasomental angle.

scholarly journals Dynamics of life expectancy and life span equality

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 5250-5259 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Aburto ◽  
Francisco Villavicencio ◽  
Ugofilippo Basellini ◽  
Søren Kjærgaard ◽  
James W. Vaupel
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Mortality Increase ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

As people live longer, ages at death are becoming more similar. This dual advance over the last two centuries, a central aim of public health policies, is a major achievement of modern civilization. Some recent exceptions to the joint rise of life expectancy and life span equality, however, make it difficult to determine the underlying causes of this relationship. Here, we develop a unifying framework to study life expectancy and life span equality over time, relying on concepts about the pace and shape of aging. We study the dynamic relationship between life expectancy and life span equality with reliable data from the Human Mortality Database for 49 countries and regions with emphasis on the long time series from Sweden. Our results demonstrate that both changes in life expectancy and life span equality are weighted totals of rates of progress in reducing mortality. This finding holds for three different measures of the variability of life spans. The weights evolve over time and indicate the ages at which reductions in mortality increase life expectancy and life span equality: the more progress at the youngest ages, the tighter the relationship. The link between life expectancy and life span equality is especially strong when life expectancy is less than 70 y. In recent decades, life expectancy and life span equality have occasionally moved in opposite directions due to larger improvements in mortality at older ages or a slowdown in declines in midlife mortality. Saving lives at ages below life expectancy is the key to increasing both life expectancy and life span equality.

A Research on the Morphology and Composition of Flocs (Part 1: Floc Breaage Disregarded)

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1566-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Qiang Ding ◽  
Qing Na Li ◽  
Xin Rong Pang ◽  
Ji Run Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Suspension Viscosity ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensional Space ◽  
Floc Breakage

The characteristics of flocs aggregated in flocculation have been paid more and more attention for a long time. In this paper, a new classification and analyses method dealing with the flocs is developed. The flocs formed after flocculation is divided into four kinds, including the left primary particles, linear flocs with all component particles in a line, planar flocs with all component particles on a plane and volumetric flocs with all component particles in a three-dimensional space. By analyzing the formation approaches of different kind of flocs regardless of the floc breakage, the number of every kind of floc is analyzed to be related with the suspension concentration mathematically. After comparing the different items in the models describing the relationship of floc number and concentration, a series of simplified expressions are presented. Lastly, a mathematical equation relating the measurable suspension viscosity with the numbers of different flocs is obtained.

The Calculation Method and Experimental Research on Throttling Pressure Drop during Kill a Well

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 495-498
Author(s):  
Hui Xin Liu ◽  
Xian Min Yang ◽  
Cheng Tao Li ◽  
Xiang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Throttle Valve ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Valve Opening ◽  
Casing Pressure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Accuracy

There is a common problem during kill a well, which is how to quickly and accurately control the surface casing pressure according to the requirements for killing a well. A step-by-step exploration process is employed on operation sites. Continuously adjusting throttle valve to acquire surface casing pressure may lead to failure of kill operation because of its long time and low control accuracy. Obviously, if the calculation problems of throttling drawdown can be resolved,the relationship between drawdown and throttle valve opening can be found and the course of explorating can be converted into a straight course.Then the success rate of killing well can be improved. More importantly, this can make automatic controll of surface casing pressure possible. The paper built the calculation method of throttling pressure drop by theoretical analysis and verified the calculation method by adopting it into field test. The result has showed that the calculation method of throttling pressure drop coincides with experimental results and it can be used in engineering practice.

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