Analysis on specific morfologic adaptation in the game of rugby in 7 - feminine, senior level

With the transition of rugby in 7 as an Olympic sport, performance standards have increased, the game becoming much faster and well structured, which also brings major changes in terms of the morphological profile of the player. The aim of this research is to achieve the morphological profile of rugby players from the first domestic league, and then the results to be compared with those of the players of professional leagues from countries with a tradition in the sport. The study took place in the pre-competition stage, on 24 professional rugby players, all active in the first league of the domestic championship in Romania and Ukraine respectively. The group represented by the team SC Politehnica Iasi, aged between 18-29 years-old and lot B components of the team from Ukraine, aged 18-31 years-old, both teams having rugby experience between 4-18 years-old. The research methods used in the study were: literature analysis, observation, pedagogical experiment, statistical, graphic representation method. The tests applied were: height, body mass, muscle mass, muscle fat tissue and mobility of the spine. The results of the analysis on compartments help to confirm the hypothesis, since following the study started, the players of the forwards compartment fall between the optimal values of the players of lot B, the back compartment recording values close to the optimal ones.

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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FITNESS PROGRAMS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WOMEN AGED 30–40 YEARS

Human Sport Medicine ◽

10.14529/hsm19s102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (S1) ◽

pp. 18-23

Author(s):

E Perevalina ◽

M Shestakov ◽

S Laggao

Keyword(s):

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Relative Mass ◽

Morphological Parameters ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Functional Training ◽

Basic Stage ◽

Morphological Status ◽

The Absolute ◽

Fitness Programs

Aim. The article deals with establishing the features of changes in the morphological parameters of women aged 30–40 years involved in different fitness programs at the basic stage. Materials and methods. 85 women aged 30–40 years participated in different fitness programs during 9 weeks: 17 – gym, 19 – traditional aerobics, 17 – strength aerobics, 17 – functional training, 15 – fitness-yoga. 60-minute fitness lessons were conducted 3 times per week. We measured the following parameters: height, weight, body circumference, skin-fat fold volume, the absolute and relative values of the muscle and fat tissues. Results. In women, body mass reduces under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, and functional training. The reduction of body circumference measurements occurs under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, strength aerobics, and functional training. Muscle mass increases as a result of gym training and decreases after traditional aerobics. The absolute and relative mass of the fat tissue reduces under the effect of gym training, traditional aerobics, and functional training. Conclusion. Different fitness programs influence differently morphological status in women aged 30-40 years.

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Dietary-Lifestyle Patterns Associated with Adiposity and Metabolic Abnormalities in Adult Men under 40 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study (MeDiSH Project)

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030751 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 751

Author(s):

Marta Lonnie ◽

Lidia Wadolowska ◽

Elzbieta Bandurska-Stankiewicz

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

General Obesity ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Lifestyle Behaviours

The aim of this study was to examine the associations of dietary-lifestyle patterns (DLPs) with adiposity and metabolic abnormalities in adult Polish men that were under 40. The cross-sectional study included 358 men that were 19–40-year-old. Dietary and lifestyle data were collected with multicomponent food frequency questionnaire (KomPAN®). DPLs were derived with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using 25 dietary and six lifestyle as the input variables. Adiposity was determined with the use of: overweight (body mass index 25–29.9 kg/m2), central obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.5), general obesity (body fat ≥ 25%), excessive visceral fat tissue (≥ median), and increased skeletal muscle mass (≥ median). The metabolic abnormalities were characterised by elevated: fasting blood glucose (FBG ≥ 100 mg/dL), triglycerides (TG ≥ 150 mg/dL), total cholesterol (TC ≥ 200 mg/dL), or systolic or diastolic blood pressure (≥ 130 or ≥ 85 mmHg, respectively). Four PCA-driven DLPs were derived and labelled accordingly to the most characteristic dietary or lifestyle behaviours that were correlated with each pattern. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that higher adherence (upper vs. bottom tertile as referent) to “Protein food, fried-food, and recreational physical activity” pattern was associated with higher odds of overweight and increased skeletal muscle mass, and lower odds of: general obesity, excessive visceral fat tissue, and elevated TC. Higher adherence to “Healthy diet, active, past smokers” pattern was associated with higher odds of overweight and lower odds of: general obesity, excessive visceral fat tissue, and elevated FBG. Higher adherence to “Sandwiches and convenient diet” pattern was associated with higher odds of: central obesity, general obesity, excessive visceral fat tissue, elevated TC, elevated TG, occurrence at least two metabolic abnormalities, and lower odds of increased skeletal muscle mass. A higher adherence to “Fast foods and stimulants” pattern was associated with higher odds of central obesity, general obesity, excessive visceral fat tissue, and lower odds of increased skeletal muscle mass. The interrelations between diet and lifestyle behaviours were reflected in three out of four patterns. Healthy diet attempts combined with active lifestyle was associated with reduced risk of adiposity and metabolic abnormalities despite some unhealthy components, like former smoking or fried-food consumption. In contrary, patterns that were composed of undesirable dietary behaviours solely, as well as poor diet combined with stimulant use, were associated with higher adiposity and worse metabolic health, despite the relatively young age of the study participants. Accurate mapping of dietary-lifestyle behaviours can serve as a tool for formulating evidence-based recommendations.

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Ultrasonography of Quadriceps Femoris Muscle and Subcutaneous Fat Tissue and Body Composition by BIVA in Chronic Dialysis Patients

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12051388 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1388 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuri Battaglia ◽

Ines Ullo ◽

Sara Massarenti ◽

Pasquale Esposito ◽

Michele Prencipe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Body Composition Assessment ◽

Widespread Application ◽

Subcutaneous Fat Tissue ◽

Femoris Muscle

Protein Energy Wasting (PEW) in hemodialysis (HD) patients is a multifactorial condition due to specific pathology-related pathogenetic mechanisms, leading to loss of skeletal muscle mass in HD patients. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging still represent the gold standard techniques for body composition assessment. However, their widespread application in clinical practice is difficult and body composition evaluation in HD patients is mainly based on conventional anthropometric nutritional indexes and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA). Little data is currently available on ultrasound (US)-based measurements of muscle mass and fat tissue in this clinical setting. The purpose of our study is to ascertain: (1) if there are differences between quadriceps rectus femoris muscle (QRFM) thickness and abdominal/thigh subcutaneous fat tissue (SFT) measured by US between HD patients and healthy subjects; (2) if there is any correlation between QRFM and abdominal/thigh SFT thickness by US, and BIVA/conventional nutritional indexes in HD patients. We enrolled 65 consecutive HD patients and 33 healthy subjects. Demographic and laboratory were collected. The malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) was calculated. Using B-mode US system, the QRFM and SFT thicknesses were measured at the level of three landmarks in both thighs (superior anterior iliac spine, upper pole of the patella, the midpoint of the tract included between the previous points). SFT was also measured at the level of the periumbilical point. The mono frequency (50 KHz) BIVA was conducted using bioelectrical measurements (Rz, resistance; Xc, reactance; adjusted for height, Rz/H and Xc/H; PA, phase angle). 58.5% were men and the mean age was 69 (SD 13.7) years. QRFM and thigh SFT thicknesses were reduced in HD patients as compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.01). Similarly, also BIVA parameters, expression of lean body mass, were lower (p < 0.001), except for Rz and Rz/H in HD patients. The average QRFM thickness of both thighs at top, mid, lower landmarks were positively correlated with PA and body cell mass (BCM) by BIVA, while negatively correlated with Rz/H (p < 0.05). Abdominal SFT was positively correlated with PA, BCM and basal metabolic rate (BMR) (p < 0.05). Our study shows that ultrasound QRFM and thigh SFT thicknesses were reduced in HD patients and that muscle ultrasound measurements were significantly correlated with BIVA parameters.

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Driving and Sustaining Culture Change in Olympic Sport Performance Teams: A First Exploration and Grounded Theory

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.2013-0133 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 107-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Andrew Cruickshank ◽

Dave Collins ◽

Sue Minten

Keyword(s):

Grounded Theory ◽

Culture Change ◽

Best Practice ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Theoretical Development ◽

Leadership Components ◽

Performance Teams ◽

And Performance ◽

Impact Phase ◽

Olympic Sport

Stimulated by growing interest in the organizational and performance leadership components of Olympic success, sport psychology researchers have identified performance director–led culture change as a process of particular theoretical and applied significance. To build on initial work in this area and develop practically meaningful understanding, a pragmatic research philosophy and grounded theory methodology were engaged to uncover culture change best practice from the perspective of newly appointed performance directors. Delivered in complex and contested settings, results revealed that the optimal change process consisted of an initial evaluation, planning, and impact phase adjoined to the immediate and enduring management of a multidirectional perception- and power-based social system. As the first inquiry of its kind, these findings provide a foundation for the continued theoretical development of culture change in Olympic sport performance teams and a first model on which applied practice can be based.

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Myokine Regulation as Marker of Sarcopenia in Elderly

Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.21705/mcbs.v2i2.32 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

I Gusti Putu Suka Aryana ◽

Anak Agung Ayu Ratih Hapsari ◽

Raden Ayu Tuty Kuswardhani

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Aging Process ◽

Striated Muscle ◽

The Elderly ◽

Liver Fat ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽

Striated Muscles ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Comprehensive Management

The elderly population will increase as well as increasing life expectancy. Health problems in elderly will be more complex and need a comprehensive management. One of the problems that arise from the aging process is sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a decreasing in muscle mass and muscle strength or muscle function caused by multifactorial not only due to aging process, but also nutrition, immobilization, genetics and others risk factors. Muscle is an endogen organ that produces various proteins that can affect the health system. This protein is referred to as myokine. Myokine is anti-inflammation cytokine and peptide produced by striated muscles. Physical activity results in myokine secretion that can reduce inflammation due to a sedentary lifestyle. Inflammation can lead to worsening sarcopenia and fat accumulation in striated muscles, thus reducing muscle mass, muscle strength and causing physical inactivity. The most of this type myokine have antiinflammation effect have work as autocrine, paracrine and endocrine. Chronic inflammation is a contributor that plays a role in the pathophysiology of various diseases including sarcopenia, it will protected by myokine. Myokine can affect the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, angiogenesis, myogenesis, neurogenesis, and can explain the relationship between muscle, liver, fat, tissue and brain. Some knewn myokines include interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-5, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), leukemia Inhibitory factor (LIF), irisin and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC). Physical exercise can induce myokine secretion from striated muscle to circulation. Through these mechanisms, myokine is expected to improve metabolism of glucose, fat and protein muscle, liver, fat, tissue, brain and reduce the incidence some comorbidity especially sarcopenia. Finally, it's will be decreasing of disability, morbidity and mortality rate in elderly.Keywords: myokine, sarcopenia, elderly

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Initial investigation of nutrition and supplement use, knowledge and attitudes of under-16 rugby players in South Africa

South African Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.7196/sajsm.8092 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 67-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

KM Duvenage ◽

ST Meltzer ◽

SA Chantler

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Protein Quality ◽

National Level ◽

Optimal Timing ◽

Nutritional Knowledge ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Rugby Players

Background. Internationally young athletes are reported to have a poor understanding of the principles of sports nutrition and supplement use; hence their diet may be unhealthy and inappropriate for participation in sport. There is limited research on current nutritional knowledge and attitudes of under-16 (U16) age-group level rugby players in South Africa (SA).Objectives. To assess dietary- and supplement-related knowledge and attitudes of 198 U16 national-level rugby players in SA.Methods. Over a period of four consecutive years a total of 198 players attending nutrition workshops at the annual selection camp received and completed an anonymous structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measures (weight, height and skinfolds) were gathered by registered biokineticists.Results. Of players 87% (168/193) indicated that they wanted to increase lean muscle mass, with 42% (82/194) feeling pressurised to do so by their coach and/or parents. Almost half (85/196) believed their diets to be poor. Players had better knowledge about nutrition recovery strategies than pre-game meals. Seventy per cent (136/195) identified optimal timing and 56% (109/196) knew the ideal macronutrient composition of recovery meals. Over 60% of players believed supplements were safe (115/192) and necessary (132/193) for increasing muscle mass, and almost half (106/195) believed they could take creatine. Over a third (68/170) also believed that the protein quality of supplements was higher than that of food. Supplements were primarily recommended by coaches and non-dietetic medical practitioners. Eight of the players self-prescribed supplements and four were taking supplements on the advice of a store salesperson or representative.Conclusion. The elite U16 rugby players in this study lacked comprehensive sports nutritional knowledge, yet had an overly positive attitude toward supplementation and used supplements haphazardly to achieve body composition goals. Tailor-made nutrition interventions with a strong education component are recommended to improve players’ nutritional knowledge, as well as access to registered dietitians working in sport to advise on supplements.

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Is increase in bone mineral content caused by increase in skeletal muscle mass/strength in adult patients with GH-treated GH deficiency? A systematic literature analysis

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-09-0160 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 161 (2) ◽

pp. 213-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Oliver Klefter ◽

Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Gh Deficiency ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Literature Analysis ◽

Mineral Density ◽

The Relationship

ObjectiveAdult patients with GH deficiency (GHD) are characterized by a reduced muscle mass, but also reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC), which have been ascribed to GHD per se.The aim of this study was to investigate if changes in BMD/BMC in adult GHD patients could be due to a muscle modulating effect, and if treatment with GH would primarily increase muscle mass and strength with a secondary increase in BMD/BMC, thus supporting the present physiological concept that mass and strength of bones are mainly determined by dynamic loads from the skeletal muscles.MethodWe performed a systematic literature analysis, including 51 clinical trials published between 1996 and 2008, which had studied the development in muscle mass, muscle strength, BMD, and/or BMC in GH-treated adult GHD patients.ResultsGH therapy had an anabolic effect on skeletal muscle. The largest increase in muscle mass occurred during the first 12 months of therapy. Most trials measuring BMD/BMC reported significant increases from baseline values. The significant increases in BMD/BMC occurred after 12–18 months of treatment, i.e. usually later than the increases in muscle parameters. Only seven trials studied both muscle and bone variables concomitantly. No trials studied the relationship between the changes in muscle and bone measurements.ConclusionAlthough in vitro studies have shown that GH has a direct effect on bone remodeling, present physiological concepts and the results of clinical trials from 1996 to 2008 suggest that the anabolic changes in muscle mass and strength may also contribute to changes in BMD/BMC in GH-treated adult GHD patients.

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The associations of fat tissue and muscle mass indices with all-cause mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0211988 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. e0211988 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Takahiro Yajima ◽

Maiko Arao ◽

Kumiko Yajima ◽

Hiroshi Takahashi ◽

Keigo Yasuda

Keyword(s):

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

All Cause Mortality

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A Survey on Dietary Supplement Consumption in Amateur and Professional Rugby Players

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10010007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver ◽

Raúl Domínguez ◽

Paola López-Tapia ◽

Francisco Miguel Tobal ◽

Pablo Jodra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Whey Protein ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Creatine Monohydrate ◽

The Internet ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Sports Drinks ◽

Competition Period ◽

The Moment ◽

Rugby Players ◽

And Training

Purpose: the aim of the present study was to analyse the pattern of dietary supplements (DS) consumption on federated rugby players, including the analysis of differences based on the sex and competitive level (professional vs. amateurs). Material and methods: 144 rugby players (83 male and 61 female), of whom 69 were professionals and 75 amateurs, were recruited for the study. All the participants filled out a specific questionnaire about DS consumption including questions related to the consumption of DS and their effects on sport performance and health status. Results: 65.3% of participants declared consuming at least one DS, with a higher prevalence in males than females (77.1% vs. 49.2%) and in professionals thanin amateur players (79.7% vs. 52.0%). The main reason for consumption was to enhance sport performance (62.3%) with differences only based on sex (74.3% males vs. 43.2% females). The most common purchase sites were the Internet (45.6%) and specialised stores (39.8%). As to the moment of ingestion, professionals did this most frequently during competition and training (56.4% vs. 28.2%), whereas amateur players did so only during competition (20.5% vs. 3.6%). Moreover, professional player intake most frequently in post-exercise (65.5% vs. 35.9%), whereas amateur during pre-exercise (30.8% vs. 5.5%). The DS most consumed included whey protein (44%), caffeine (42%), sports drinks (38%), energy bars (34%) and creatine monohydrate (31%), with a higher prevalence in male and professional players of whey protein and creatine monohydrate. Conclusions: The main reason for DS consumption is for enhancing sports performance). Professional players more frequently purchase them on the Internet and consume DS during training and competition period and in the post-exercise, whereas amateur players consume during competition and pre-exercise. Related to the main form of DS consumption, it is observed that a moderate consumption of DS could be considered ergogenic, such as whey protein, sport bar and creatine, while an absence of other DS could be considered ergogenic.

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Gender differences on the grounds of practicing fitness

Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.2478/tperj-2018-0011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 13-21

Author(s):

Nada Arseni

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Method ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Research Methods ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Survey Method ◽

Men And Women ◽

Sports Club ◽

Representation Method ◽

Observation Method

Abstract Aim: The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the differences between men and women regarding their reasons for practicing fitness. Methods: The research was conducted at a sports club in Reșita, in April 2018, on 100 respondents, 71 of them were men and 29 were women. As research methods, we used the survey method - the questionnaire, the observation method, the statistical-mathematical method and the graphic representation method. Results: The results of the survey show that men and women practice fitness to combat sedentariness, but differently: mainly, men are looking to develop muscle mass and for women, the main aim is to lose weight by diminishing body fat.

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