Importance and utility of Charak Samhita Vimanasthan.

The Charak Samhita is well known Ayurveda classic accredited for its deliberations on basic principles of Ayurveda. It is considered to be a complete text having no short comings. It is also termed as the kalpadruma by the revered commentator Gangadhar Roy. As the legend says, the kalpdruma is a tree that fulfills ones wish and has a plenty to offer. Similarly, the Charak Samhita is a treasure trove of Ayurveda knowledge having unfathomable capacity to deliver the desired. Although, all the eight sections of the text namely sthana are unique in their content, the vimanasthana is a special unit conspicuous by its presence in the Charak Samhita. The other classics like the Sushrut Samhita and Ashtang Hridayam of Vagbhatta lack the vimanasthana. The vimanasthana is the knowledge and measurement unit. It specifies the mode of measurement of doshadi along with the very significant topic of the teaching, research and so on. Therefore, here an attempt has been made to bring the light on significance of vimanasthana.

Download Full-text

Laughter on the Fringes

10.1093/oso/9780190697099.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna Peterson

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Literary Canon ◽

Autobiographical Writing ◽

Treasure Trove ◽

Old Comedy ◽

Other Hand ◽

Aggressive Humor ◽

The One ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact

This book examines the impact that Athenian Old Comedy had on Greek writers of the Imperial era. It is generally acknowledged that Imperial-era Greeks responded to Athenian Old Comedy in one of two ways: either as a treasure trove of Atticisms, or as a genre defined by and repudiated for its aggressive humor. Worthy of further consideration, however, is how both approaches, and particularly the latter one that relegated Old Comedy to the fringes of the literary canon, led authors to engage with the ironic and self-reflexive humor of Aristophanes, Eupolis, and Cratinus. Authors ranging from serious moralizers (Plutarch and Aelius Aristides) to comic writers in their own right (Lucian, Alciphron), to other figures not often associated with Old Comedy (Libanius) adopted aspects of the genre to negotiate power struggles, facilitate literary and sophistic rivalries, and provide a model for autobiographical writing. To varying degrees, these writers wove recognizable features of the genre (e.g., the parabasis, its agonistic language, the stage biographies of the individual poets) into their writings. The image of Old Comedy that emerges from this time is that of a genre in transition. It was, on the one hand, with the exception of Aristophanes’s extant plays, on the verge of being almost completely lost; on the other hand, its reputation and several of its most characteristic elements were being renegotiated and reinvented.

Download Full-text

Empowering as a Missional Concept vs. Empowerment as a Political Ideology

Mission Studies ◽

10.1163/157338305774756603 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 267-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amon Eddie Kasambala

Keyword(s):

Holy Spirit ◽

Political Ideology ◽

Third World ◽

Developing Nations ◽

The Other ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Christian Mission ◽

Triune God ◽

Ideological Perspective ◽

Developed World

AbstractThe article contrasts the meaning of empowerment in a political ideological perspective with a Christian mission understanding of empowering as a process of reaching out to the other with the love of the triune God; Father, Son and Holy Spirit. It is argued that as far as the developing world is concerned there are many reasons for an empowering process in Christian mission, and one of them is an existing identity crisis facing churches in the developing countries (sometimes referred to as third world churches). The article also undertakes to work with a proposition that states that the solution to a perceived paternalism from the churches in the developed world over those in developing nations does not necessary lie in a moratorium call, however, it should be found in embracing a notion of empowering that creates an attitude of partnership between both churches. Three basic principles are proposed that should under gird this process; namely, Unconditional acceptance, Unconditional respect, Unconditional dignity. An African tale is given to illustrate the basic working assumptions and presuppositions of this article.

Download Full-text

REKONSTRUKSI IJTIHĀD DALAM ILMU UṢŪL AL-FIQH

Al-Ahkam ◽

10.21580/ahkam.2012.22.2.9 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 161

Author(s):

Rokhmadi Rokhmadi

Keyword(s):

Islamic Law ◽

The Other ◽

Basic Principles ◽

The Law ◽

The Way

Al-Qur’an and Sunnah, needs of understanding and extracting optimally, so that the contents of law can be applied for the benefit of people. The way- to understand and to extract the contents in these two sources- called ijtihād. Thus, ijtihād is needed on istinbāṭ of law from many arguments of the texts (naṣ), eventhough it is qaṭ’ī in which the uṣūliyyūn have agreed that it is not the area for re-extracting to the law (ijtihādiyyah). The problem in this case is that even a qaṭ’ī argument according to the most of uṣūliyyūn has not been qaṭ’ī argument in the other uṣūliyyūn opinion. Reconstruction of ijtihād becomes an alternative, with some considerations: First, weight and tightening the requirements to become a mujtahid, which is almost impossible controlled by someone at the present time; Second, the increasing complexity of the problems faced by the ummat which is very urgent to get the solution; Third, let the period without ijtihād (vacuum of mujtahid) is contrary to the basic principles of Islamic law are always sāliḥ li kulli zamān wa makān. This paper present to discuss further about the urgency of the reconstruction of ijtihād in the challenge of modernity.***Al-Qur<ins cite="mailto:hasan" datetime="2015-02-17T11:11">’</ins>an maupun <ins cite="mailto:hasan" datetime="2015-02-17T11:11">s</ins>unnah sangat membutuhkan pemahaman dan penggalian secara optimal agar isi kandungan hukumnya dapat diterapkan bagi kemaslahatan umat. Cara untuk menggali dan mengeluarkan isi kandungan yang ada dalam kedua sumber tersebut dinamakan ijtihād. Ijtihād sangat dibutuhkan pada setiap isti<ins cite="mailto:muthohar" datetime="2015-01-29T05:30">n</ins><del cite="mailto:muthohar" datetime="2015-01-29T05:30"></del>bāṭ hukum dari dalil naṣ, sekalipun dalil naṣ tersebut bersifat qaṭ'ī yang oleh para uṣūliyyūn sudah disepakati tidak menjadi wilayah untuk dijitihadi lagi. Permasalahannya adalah bahwa sesuatu dalil naṣ yang sudah bersifat qaṭ'ī sekalipun oleh sebagian besar uṣūliyyūn, belum tentu dipandang qaṭ'ī oleh sebagian uṣūliyyūn yang lain. Rekonstruksi ijtihād menjadi sebuah alternatif, dengan beberapa pertimbangan: Pertama, berat dan ketatnya persyaratan-persyaratan menjadi seorang mujtahid, yang hampir tidak mungkin dikuasai oleh seseorang pada masa sekarang; Kedua, semakin kompleksnya permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh ummat yang sangat mendesak untuk mendapatkan solusi; Ketiga, membiarkan satu periode tanpa ijtihād (kevakuman mujtahid) adalah bertentangan dengan prinsip dasar hukum Islam yang selalu sāliḥ li kulli zamān wa makān. Tulisan ini hadir untuk mendiskusikan lebih jauh tentang urgensi rekonstruksi ijtihād dalam menghadapi tantangan modernitas.***Keywords: ijtihād, qaṭ'ī, ẓannī, uṣūl al-fiqh

Download Full-text

A Concept of Eurasia

Regional Integration and Future Cooperation Initiatives in the Eurasian Economic Union - Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-1950-9.ch001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Maria Lagutina

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Integration Process ◽

Basic Principles

This chapter analyzes the process of the Eurasian idea's evolution in historical retrospective, as well as the identification of the general and special in the basics of classical Eurasianism and neo-Eurasianism, on one hand, and modern pragmatic Eurasianism, which underlies the implementation of the Eurasian strategy of Russia and other EAEU countries and the “Greater Eurasia”, on the other. The author identifies the basic principles of the ideology of modern Eurasian integration, explains the motives and reasons for the beginning of the integration process, and defines its features.

Download Full-text

Computer System for Identification of Material Models on the Basis of Plastometric Tests

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials ◽

10.2478/amm-2013-0063 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 737-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Rauch ◽

L. Sztangret ◽

M. Pietrzyk

Keyword(s):

Computer System ◽

Inverse Analysis ◽

Thermomechanical Processing ◽

The Other ◽

Metallic Materials ◽

The Finite Element Method ◽

Material Models ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Hybrid Computer ◽

Further Development

Abstract The paper describes the hybrid computer system dedicated to identification of models of materials subjected to thermomechanical processing. The functionalities of the system consist of plastometric tests data processing and application of the inverse analysis. The latter functionality is realized unconventionally, instead of the finite element method the metamodel is implemented using artificial neural network. The metamodels, used for simulations of the plastometric tests, are imported to the proposed computer system as external plugins, what guarantees flexibility and possibility of further development. On the other hand, application of rich optimization libraries assures the best possible solution of the problem. Basic principles of the inverse analysis with metamodels and mentioned optimization procedures are described in the paper. Selected examples of identification of models for various metallic materials recapitulate the paper.

Download Full-text

Achieving use value of a living space

Spatium ◽

10.2298/spat2044022a ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

Djordje Alfirevic ◽

Sanja Simonovic-Alfirevic

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

The Other ◽

Use Value ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Cause And Effect ◽

Human Needs ◽

Living Space ◽

Level Of Use ◽

Key Terms

Use value is one of the key terms related to architectural functionality. The term itself denotes the level of usefulness of a living space for its user, i.e., to what extent the space can meet specific human needs. The paper analyzes the relations between characteristic human needs and the possibilities for their fulfillment in a living space. Various studies examining different aspects of use value have often identified it with the quality of a living space. This is why one of the main aims of this paper is to reexamine the thesis claiming that use value is just one part which defines the quality of a living space and that these two terms are not equivalents. On the other hand, the paper presents a systematization of cause-and-effect relations between human needs and the basic principles and parameters for achieving use value within a living space. Although the term has not lost its importance since it was first used, the criteria for achieving a higher level of use value of a living space have not been sufficiently researched. Along with a comparative analysis of the terms value, use value and the quality of a living space, as well as an examination of the characteristic human needs present in each living space and ways of meeting them, the key contribution of the paper lies in defining the principles for achieving use value.

Download Full-text

Integrated Pest Management in Protected Structures I: Basic Principles and Scouting

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-in994-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Hugh A. Smith ◽

Gary E. Vallad ◽

Bielinski M. Santos

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

The Other ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Fact Sheet ◽

Field Crops ◽

Other Hand

The fundamentals of managing pests in protected structures are very similar in many respects to managing pests in field crops. But conditions within a protected structure can be modified to a certain degree to prevent, delay, or even mitigate pest issues. On the other hand, conditions that discourage one group of pests can often favor another. This 7-page fact sheet was written by Hugh A. Smith, Gary E. Vallad, and Bielinski M. Santos, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, June 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in994

Download Full-text

THE INTERACTION OF FLOODS WITH TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings ◽

10.14311/app.2018.16.0032 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Ivan Vaníček ◽

Jiří Vaníček

Keyword(s):

Natural Hazards ◽

Negative Impact ◽

The Other ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Sustainable Construction ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Proper Functioning ◽

Different Types ◽

Natural Aggregates

Current demands on transport infrastructure are very often associated with the terms of “sustainability, availability and affordability”. The first term directly refers to the basic principles of sustainable construction in transport infrastructure, primarily motorway and railways, and how they are related to a very significant consumption of land, energy and natural aggregates. This paper is focused on the other two terms, availability and affordability. These principles are intended to guarantee proper functioning of communication even in nonstandard situations such as natural hazards, most typically floods. To avoid a total collapse of transport infrastructure, the term robustness is often applied, recognizing that this term is not a substitute for another outcome – namely a more expensive structure. The paper shows the possibilities for elimination of the negative impact of floods on transport infrastructure as they relate to different types of interaction and different types of floods.

Download Full-text

Keterkaitan Pendidikan Kristiani di Sekolah dan Gereja

Indonesian Journal of Theology ◽

10.46567/ijt.v7i1.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 25-45

Author(s):

Justitia Vox Dei Hattu

Keyword(s):

Christian Education ◽

Religious Education ◽

Final Section ◽

The Other ◽

Learning Spaces ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Other Hand ◽

Cognitive Gaps ◽

The Church ◽

Psychomotor Domain

This article aims to map the polarization in Indonesia between Christian Education (or: Christian Religious Education) as it takes place within the domains of church and of school. Within the ecclesial arena, Christian education (Pendidikan Kristiani/PK) is often associated with the activity of teaching children. On the other hand, within the setting of a school, PK is often associated with a course of study assigned to students—one that mostly emphasizes the filling of cognitive gaps for the students yet (intentionally) ignores the affective and psychomotor domain that is integral for instruction. By examining this polarization, I argue that the polarizing divide between PK as implemented in a school and PK as implemented in the church can be overcome by virtue of the fact that both school and church are learning spaces for PK. This article is divided into three parts. The first will demonstrate certain misunderstandings about PK in the context of school and of church that lead to polarization. The second part shows how PK is presently practiced in the context of Indonesia’s churches and schools. Based on descriptions in this second part, the final section will offer a number of basic principles, in an effort to bridge the gap between PK as it takes place in school and in church.

Download Full-text

Research through Design under Systematic Quality Criteria: Methodology and Teaching Research

Dimensions ◽

10.14361/dak-2021-0113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 99-110

Author(s):

Sören Schöbel ◽

Julian Schäfer ◽

Georg Hausladen

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Quality Criteria ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Research Through Design ◽

Teaching Research

Editorial Summary In their contribution, Sören Schöbel, Julian Schäfer and Georg Hausladen ask how architectural design can be used as a method of gaining scientific knowledge. They state that this is only possible if architectural design, which is generally characterized by a specific, creative, subjective and case-by-case process, is embedded into a methodical framework that enables general, i.e. transferable and verifiable knowledge. By stating that qualitative research in the disciplines in which it was developed is essentially based on a creative but nevertheless systematic interpretation of data in search of new, previously unknown structures the authors see a proximity to design in architecture, and therefore suggest transfering the quality criteria of qualitative research to research-based design. They describe three basic principles - regularity, relevance, and universality - and illustrate how research through design can be carried out using these principles with the example of different teaching formats. [Ferdinand Ludwig]

Download Full-text