Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of methanolic extracts of leaf and fruit parts of the plant Averrhoa bilimbi (Oxalidaceae)

There is an urgent need for new substances to overcome current challenges in the health sciences. Marine fungi are known producers of numerous compounds, but the manipulation of growth conditions for optimal compound production can be laborious and time-consuming. In Portugal, despite its very long coastline, there are only a few studies on marine fungi. From a collection of Portuguese marine fungi, we screened for antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzymatic, and cytotoxic activities. Mycelia aqueous extracts, obtained by high pressure-assisted extraction, and methanolic extracts of culture media showed high antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. The mycelium extracts of Cladosporium rubrum showed higher antioxidant potential compared to extracts from other fungi. Mycelia and culture media extracts of Aspergillus affinis and Penicillium lusitanum inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Kocuria rhizophila, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including multiresistant strains. Penicillium lusitanum and Trichoderma aestuarinum inhibited the growth of clinical strains of Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. All extracts from culture media were cytotoxic to Vero cells. Sea salt induced alterations in the mycelium’s chemical composition, leading to different activity profiles.

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Traditional varieties and wild pear from Serbia: A link among antioxidant, antidiabetic and cytotoxic activities of fruit peel and flesh

Botanica Serbica ◽

10.2298/botserb2102203o ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 203-213

Author(s):

Mariana Oaldje-Pavlovic ◽

Ana Alimpic-Aradski ◽

Aleksandra Savic ◽

Smiljana Jankovic ◽

Milena Milutinovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pyrus Communis ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Commercial Variety ◽

Pear Fruit ◽

Cytotoxic Potential ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Fruit Part

This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of methanolic extracts of peel, flesh and mixed peel, and flesh, as well as the cytotoxic activity of mixed peel and flesh extracts obtained from fruits of six traditional pear varieties (Vidovaca, Lubenicarka, Karamanka, Jeribasma, Loncara and Takisa), one commercial variety (Williams Bartlett) and a wild pear (Pyrus communis) from Serbia. The tested extracts showed strong antioxidant activity regarding the prevention of ?-carotene bleaching and high ?-glucosidase inhibition, and no significant cytotoxic potential, with the exception of the Williams Bartlett and Pyrus communis extracts. Overall, the most potent fruit part was shown to be the peel. The most active variety in all of the applied antioxidant and antidiabetic assays was Takisa, while the wild pear, P. communis, was the most effective in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. In conclusion, several methanolic extracts of pear fruit are promising candidates for further studies regarding the prevention and treatment of pathological conditions associated with the effects of oxidative stress, such as diabetes and even colorectal cancer.

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Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Activities of Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Malaria in Embu County, Kenya

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2020/8871375 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Bibianne Waiganjo ◽

Gervason Moriasi ◽

Jared Onyancha ◽

Nelson Elias ◽

Francis Muregi

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Antiplasmodial Activity ◽

Chloroquine Resistance ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Methanolic Extracts

Malaria is a deadly disease caused by a protozoan parasite whose mode of transmission is through a female Anopheles mosquito. It affects persons of all ages; however, pregnant mothers, young children, and the elderly suffer the most due to their dwindled immune state. The currently prescribed antimalarial drugs have been associated with adverse side effects ranging from intolerance to toxicity. Furthermore, the costs associated with conventional approach of managing malaria are arguably high especially for persons living in low-income countries, hence the need for alternative and complementary approaches. Medicinal plants offer a viable alternative because of their few associated side effects, are arguably cheaper, and are easily accessible. Based on the fact that studies involving antimalarial medicinal plants as potential sources of efficacious and cost-effective pharmacotherapies are far between, this research was designed to investigate antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of organic and aqueous extracts of selected plants used by Embu traditional medicine practitioners to treat malaria. The studied plants included Erythrina abyssinica (stem bark), Schkuhria pinnata (whole plant), Sterculia africana (stem bark), Terminalia brownii (leaves), Zanthoxylum chalybeum (leaves), Leonotis mollissima (leaves), Carissa edulis (leaves), Tithonia diversifolia (leaves and flowers), and Senna didymobotrya (leaves and pods). In vitro antiplasmodial activity studies of organic and water extracts were carried out against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistance (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In vivo antiplasmodial studies were done by Peter’s four-day suppression test to test for their in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei. Finally, cytotoxic effects and safety of the studied plant extracts were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) rapid calorimetric assay technique. The water and methanolic extracts of T. brownii and S. africana and dichloromethane extracts of E. abyssinica, S. pinnata, and T. diversifolia leaves revealed high in vitro antiplasmodial activities (IC50≤10 μg/ml). Further, moderate in vivo antimalarial activities were observed for water and methanolic extracts of L. mollissima and S. africana and for dichloromethane extracts of E. abyssinica and T. diversifolia leaves. In this study, aqueous extracts of T. brownii and S. africana demonstrated high antiplasmodial activity and high selectivity indices values (SI≥10) and were found to be safe. It was concluded that T. brownii and S. africana aqueous extracts were potent antiplasmodial agents. Further focused studies geared towards isolation of active constituents and determination of in vivo toxicities to ascertain their safety are warranted.

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Anti-Helicobacter pylori, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of methanolic extracts of five different populations of Hippocratea celastroides collected in Mexico

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.044 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 155 (2) ◽

pp. 1156-1163 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Wendy Itzel Escobedo Hinojosa ◽

Macdiel Acevedo Quiróz ◽

Irma Romero Álvarez ◽

Patricia Escobar Castañeda ◽

María Luisa Villarreal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Different Populations ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Hippocratea Celastroides

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Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Activities ofGarcinia nervosa(Clusiaceae)

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/913406 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

N. M. U. Seruji ◽

H. Y. Khong ◽

C. J. Kutoi

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Xanthine Oxidase ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Hela Cell Lines ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

High Inhibition

In our continuing interest on SarawakGarciniaspecies, we carried out the evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities on the methanolic extracts ofGarcinia nervosa. The extracts were prepared from its air-dried grounded leaves and barks. The evaluation of antioxidant activities was done using the (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH radical scavenging assay and the result showed high radical scavenging activities. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory evaluation was performed using the lipoxygenase assay, hyaluronidase assay, and xanthine oxidase assay which showed, both of these extracts exhibited high anti-inflammatory properties. The lipoxygenase assay showed a high inhibition of enzyme activity for the barks extracts and a moderate enzyme activity for the leaves extracts. However, there were low inhibitions for both extracts in the hyaluronidase assay and only the barks extracts exhibited moderate antigout properties in the xanthine oxidase assay. For the cytotoxic assay, the extracts exhibited positive responses against the three cancer cell lines, the HeLa cell lines, MCF-7 cell lines, and HT-29 cell lines. Thus,Garcinia nervosacontains high antioxidativeand anti-inflammation properties, which have great potential in the development of pharmaceutical and dermatological products.

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Fractionation of Lycopodiaceae Alkaloids and Evaluation of Their Anticholinesterase and Cytotoxic Activities

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26216379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (21) ◽

pp. 6379

Author(s):

Aleksandra Dymek ◽

Jarosław Widelski ◽

Krzysztof Kamil Wojtanowski ◽

Vladyslav Vivcharenko ◽

Agata Przekora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solvent System ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

Huperzine A ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Ache Inhibitors ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Silanized Silica ◽

Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽

New Compounds

In view of the abundant evidence that Lycopodiaceae alkaloids, including the well-known huperzine A (HupA), are among the potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, an attempt was made to search for new compounds responsible for this property. For this purpose, three plant species belonging to the Lycopodiaceae family, commonly found in the Euro-Asia region, were subjected to the isolation of bioactive compounds, their identification and subsequent evaluation of their anticholinesterase and cytotoxic activities. Methanolic extracts of two Lycopodium and one Hupezia species were obtained via optimized pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and then pre-purified using innovative gradient vacuum liquid chromatography (gVLC). For the first time, three sorbents of different porosity packed in polypropylene cartridges and mobile phase systems of different polarity were used to elute the target compounds. This technique proved to be a rapid tool for the obtainment of alkaloid fractions and allowed one to select the appropriate process conditions to yield potent AChE inhibitors in each of the species studied. More than 100 collected fractions were analyzed via HPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS, which enabled one to detect more than 50 compounds, including several new ones previously unreported. Some of them were present in high purity fractions (60–90% of the established purity). TLC bioautography assays proved that the analyzed species are rich sources of AChE inhibitors, but H. selago showed the highest anti-AChE activity. Additionally, the modified silanized silica gel sorbent used allowed one to isolate L. clavatum alkaloids more efficiently using an aqueous reversed-phase solvent system. Furthermore, the tested extracts from the three plant extracts were found to be safe, as they did not exhibit cytotoxicity to skin fibroblasts.

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Evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanolic extracts of Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves and barks

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science ◽

10.7324/japs.2012.21028 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Nasrin

Keyword(s):

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Lagerstroemia Speciosa ◽

Methanolic Extracts

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Evaluation of Nostoc Strain ATCC 53789 as a Potential Source of Natural Pesticides

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.70.6.3313-3320.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 3313-3320 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Natascia Biondi ◽

Raffaella Piccardi ◽

M. Cristina Margheri ◽

Liliana Rodolfi ◽

Geoffrey D. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artemia Salina ◽

Herbicidal Activity ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Strain Atcc ◽

Nontarget Organisms ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Natural Pesticides ◽

Nostoc Strain

ABSTRACT The cyanobacterium Nostoc strain ATCC 53789, a known cryptophycin producer, was tested for its potential as a source of natural pesticides. The antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, nematocidal, and cytotoxic activities of methanolic extracts of the cyanobacterium were evaluated. Among the target organisms, nine fungi (Armillaria sp., Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, Penicillium expansum, Phytophthora cambivora, P. cinnamomi, Rhizoctonia solani, Rosellinia, sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Verticillium albo-atrum) were growth inhibited and one insect (Helicoverpa armigera) was killed by the extract, as well as the two model organisms for nematocidal (Caenorhabditis elegans) and cytotoxic (Artemia salina) activity. No antibacterial activity was detected. The antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum was further studied with both extracts and biomass of the cyanobacterium in a system involving tomato as a host plant. Finally, the herbicidal activity of Nostoc strain ATCC 53789 was evaluated against a grass mixture. To fully exploit the potential of this cyanobacterium in agriculture as a source of pesticides, suitable application methods to overcome its toxicity toward plants and nontarget organisms must be developed.

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Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Methanolic Extracts from Asclepias linaria Cav. Leaves

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25010054 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

José Alejandro Sánchez-Gutiérrez ◽

Dafné Moreno-Lorenzana ◽

Dioselina Álvarez-Bernal ◽

Jacobo Rodríguez-Campos ◽

José Roberto Medina-Medrano

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Phenolic Composition ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Total Antioxidant

Asclepias linaria Cav. (Apocynaceae) is a shrubby plant endemic of Mexico which has been used in traditional medicine. However, the bioactive potential of this plant remains unexplored. In this study, the phenolic composition, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of A. linaria leaves were determined. In order to estimate the phenolic composition of the leaves, the total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannins contents were determined. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was measured by the scavenging activity of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2′-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid] (ABTS•+) radicals and the total antioxidant capacity. The phenolic compounds identified in the A. linaria leaves by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) include phenolic acids, such as p-coumaric and ferulic acid, as well as flavonoids, such as rutin and quercetin. The leaves’ extracts of A. linaria showed a high scavenging activity of DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals (IC50 0.12 ± 0.001 and 0.51 ± 0.003 µg/mL, respectively), high total antioxidant capacity values (99.77 ± 4.32 mg of ascorbic acid equivalents/g of dry tissue), and had a cytotoxic effect against K562 and HL60 hematologic neoplasia cells lines, but no toxicity towards the normal mononuclear cell line was observed. These results highlight the potential of A. linaria and could be considered as a possible alternative source of anticancer compounds.

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In Vitro Cytotoxic and Anthelmintic Activities of Leonurus sibiricus L.

Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.3329/jsr.v4i3.9998 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 721-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. R. Saha ◽

F.M.S.N. Ul Bari ◽

M. A. Rahman ◽

M. A. Islam

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Positive Control ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Vincristine Sulphate ◽

The Family ◽

Leonurus Sibiricus ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

Soluble Fractions

This study investigated the cytotoxic and anthelmintic activities of Leonurus sibiricus L. (commonly known as Raktodrone in Bangladesh) belonging to the family Labiatae. The dried leaves and roots of L. sibiricus were extracted with methanol and fractionated by modified Kupchan method. The crude methanolic extracts as well as its soluble fractions of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform were screened for cytotoxic activity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. They were found to possess significant cytotoxic activities. The LC50 values of crude extract of leaves and its pet-ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform soluble fractions were 1.0, 2.0, 2.11 and1.33 µg/ml, respectively. On the other hand, the LC50 of crude methanolic extract of roots and fractions of pet-ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform were 2.0µg/ml, 2.81 µg/ml, 3.55 µg/ml and 7.58µg/ml, respectively. Vincristine sulphate was used as positive control. The crude methanol extract of leaves and roots also showed very good anthelmintic activities as determined against the earthworms, Pheretima posthuma. The study confirms the moderate anthelmintic and potent cytotoxic activities of leaf and root extracts of L. sibiricus.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.9998 J. Sci. Res. 4 (3), 721-727 (2012)

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