scholarly journals DETECTION OF FOCI OF TULAREMIA USING ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY FOR THE PREDATORY BIRD PELLETS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 632-641
Author(s):  
Alexey; ANDREYCHEV ◽  
Ekaterina BOYAROVA ◽  
Alexander LAPSHIN ◽  
Vyacheslav KUZNETSOV
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Predatory Bird ◽  
Eagle Owl ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ural Owl

The results of identifying tularemia foci using the predatory bird pellets in the central part of Russia using the example of the Republic of Mordovia are presented. The efficacy of tularemia detection in pellets compared with other biomaterials has been shown. The average content of the tularemia microbe antigen from the predatory bird pellets was 9,4%. The greatest number of registrations of the causative agent of tularemia in the pellets was observed in Eagle Owl (29,2%). To a lesser extent, the pathogen was detected in the Ural Owl (14,7%). The tularemia pathogen was detected more often in the bird predator pellets than in the biomaterial from rodents. The largest share of positive samples was recorded in the riverine districts. The dynamics of identifying the causative agent of tularemia should be noted in 2015, 2017 and 2018, which are characterized by high values of the indicator.

scholarly journals Measurement of IgA responses following Norwalk virus infection and other human caliciviruses using a recombinant Norwalk virus protein EIA

1994 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Parker ◽  
W. D. Cubitt
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Virus Protein ◽  
Norwalk Virus ◽  
Major Outbreak ◽  
Virus Capsid Protein

SUMMARYAn enzyme immunoassay employing recombinant Norwalk virus capsid protein was evaluated for the measurement of IgA responses. Tests on 23 volunteers and patients known to have been infected with Norwalk virus (NV) showed that 19 developed significant IgA responses, 2 had unchanging levels of IgA and 2 failed to respond. There was no evidence of IgA responses to NV following infection with Hawaii or Snow Mountain-like viruses.Tests on sera from patients involved in outbreaks associated with eating contaminated shellfish suggest that some patients may have been infected with more than one strain of calicivirus. The use of the rNV EIA for measuring IgA and IgG responses in patients involved in a major outbreak of food poisoning affecting hospital staff indicated that the causative agent was probably NV.

DIROPHILARIOSIS MONITORING IN CREED DOGS IN THE ARARAT REGION OF ARMENIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Slobodyanik ◽  
◽  
S.S Zykova
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Invasion Rate ◽  
The Republic

Dirofilariasis is distinguished by the type of causative agent of dirofilaria - Dirofilariaimmitis and Dirofilariarepens. Dirofilariasis is practically not studied in the territory of Armenia. The article is devoted to determining the spread of dirofilariasis and the extent of the invasion extent in the Ararat region of the Republic of Armenia. The objects of study were shepherd dogs. It was found that in 100% of cases the causative agent is D. immitis; the average invasion rate of shepherd dogs in the Ararat region was 16.6%. The largest number of dogs with dirofilariasis was between the ages of 3 to 5 years. Thus, in Armenia, a local focus of carnivorous dirofilariasis is actively functioning, in the distribution of which cattle dogs are actively involved.

Cases of Q fever detected in residents of the novosibirsk region hospitalized with suspection of infections transmitted by ticks

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
E. I. Bondarenko ◽  
E. S. Filimonova ◽  
E. I. Krasnova ◽  
E. V. Krinitsina ◽  
S. E. Tkachev
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic

Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever (coxiellosis), which, in addition to acute manifestations, often occurs in a latent form, is prone to chronic course and, in the absence of antibiotic therapy, has a high risk of disability or death. As a result of the presence of a wide range of clinical manifestations specific to other infectious diseases, the use of laboratory test methods (LTM) is required to make a diagnosis. The presence of Q fever anthropurgic foci in the Novosibirsk region was described in the 90s of the last century, but due attention to its laboratory diagnostics is not paid in this region. The aim of the study was to identify genetic and serological markers of the causative agent, C. burnetii, in patients of the Novosibirsk region who were admitted for treatment with fever with suspected tick-borne infections (TBIs). DNA marker of the causative agent of Q fever was detected in blood samples by real time PCR in 9 out of 325 patients. In three patients, the presence of C. burnetii DNA was confirmed by sequencing of the IS1111 and htpB gene fragments. In ELISA tests, antibodies against the causative agent of coxiellosis were detected in the blood sera of 4 patients with positive results of PCR analysis. Contact with tick was registered in 7 out of 9 patients who had C. burnetii DNA and lacked markers of other TBIs. Six people were infected in the Novosibirsk region, two suffered from tick’s bite in Altai, and one case was from the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Thus, a complex approach using both PCR analysis and ELISA provided the identification of markers of the Q fever causative agent in patients admitted with suspected TBIs, thereby differentiating it from other infections. Contact with ticks in most cases suggests that infection with C. burnetii had a transmissible pathway.

scholarly journals Results of clinical trials of a trivalent vaccine for horses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Neustroev ◽  
S.G. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Outbred Mice ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Trivalent Vaccine

We have developed a trivalent vaccine made from the SV/69 strain of the Rhinopneumonia virus (RHIV), the bacteria strains of Salmonella abortus equi BN-12 - the causative agent of Salmonella abortion and Streptococcus equi N-34 - the causative agent of the horse strangles. Preclinical laboratory studies of the immunogenicity of the vaccine in linear and outbred mice showed that the preparation protects against experimental infection with the Rhinopneumonia virus by 88.8%, from the causative agents of Salmonella abortion and horse strangles by 100%. There were carried out clinical trials of a trivalent inactivated vaccine with a centrifuge strain Bacillus subtilis TNP-3 as an immunomodulator in order to specifically prevent salmonella abortion, rhinopneumonia and horse strangles. Clinical trials were carried out on horses in the Central regions of Yakutia. The business output of foals was 50.2% in the republic. The business yield in immunized mares was 76,0 % and in unvaccinated mares only 38,0 % in a controlled production trial at the "Uyruye" agricultural production complex. Consequently, immunization of mares with trivalent vaccine increased the reproduction rate by 38,0 %. Results of extensive production tests on 2,568 heads of herd horses confirmed the data of preclinical laboratory studies of immunogenicity in linear and outbred mice. The trivalent vaccine against rhinopneumonia, salmonella abortion and horse strangles stimulates immunobiological reactivity, induces the synthesis of specific antibodies in high titers and increases the business yield of foals from 18,0 to 38,0 %. The vaccine is highly effective and can provide recovery of disadvantaged settlements.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Three Species of Pet Birds in Northwest China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cong ◽  
Qing-Feng Meng ◽  
Xiao-Feng Shan ◽  
Wu-Wen Sun ◽  
Si-Yuan Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pet Birds

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), the causative agent of hepatitis E, has been reported in a wide variety of animals, including birds, but little is known of HEV infection in pet birds in northwest China. The objective of the present investigation was to examine HEV seroprevalence in three species of pet birds, namely, Eurasian siskin, Oriental skylark, and black-tailed grosbeak from Gansu. Serum samples collected from 685 pet birds from August 2011 to September 2012 were examined independently for the presence of antibodies against HEV. A total of 59 (8.31%) pet birds were tested positive for HEV antibodies by the commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits. Of these, the seroprevalence was diverse in different species pet birds; the most frequent level was 10.83% (39/360) in Eurasian siskin, followed by 6.57% (19/289) in Oriental skylark, and 2.29% (1/36) in black-tailed grosbeak. Age and collecting region of pet birds were the main risk factors associated with HEV infection. The present study firstly revealed the seroprevalence of HEV infection in three species of pet birds in northwest China, which provided the baseline data for taking comprehensive countermeasures and measures for effectively preventing and controlling HEV infection in birds.

scholarly journals Risk assessment the potential occurrence of anthrax outbreaks in the Republic of Tatarstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-889
Author(s):  
Kh N Makaev ◽  
S V Ivanova ◽  
L A Melnikova ◽  
G Kh Murtazina ◽  
A N Garaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

Aim. To assess the risks of potential anthrax outbreaks based on a retrospective analysis of the epizootic situation for this infection and inventory data on the number of stationary anthrax-unfavorable sites in the Russian Federation using the case of the Republic of Tatarstan. Methods. A retrospective analysis of data on animals with anthrax in the Republic of Tatarstan and the inventory of permanently unfavorable sites for this infection in the Russian Federation was carried out by using veterinary reporting documents for the period between 1914 and 2018. The epizooticity index of anthrax-unfavorable sites was determined by the formula: EI=(nt)/(NT), and the effectiveness of specific prevention of the infection was determined according to the guidelines. Analyzes were carried out using statistical methods. Results. The analysis of the results of the conducted studies showed that between 1914 and 2018, 2037 group and single animals infected with anthrax on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, 1208 stationary unfavorable sites for this infection were registered. When assessing the risks of the potential occurrence of anthrax among animals of the Republic of Tatarstan, it was found that 69.8% of the territory of the republic (every third settlement) is permanently unfavorable for anthrax and has serious risks of a possible re-infection of animals with this infection, therefore all livestock of animals once a year vaccinated against anthrax. A study of more than 11,000 blood serum samples of animals vaccinated against anthrax according to this scheme revealed that the titer of anti-anthrax antibodies decreases 1:2 and 1:4 below the level that protecting the animal from infection with the causative agent of this infection in 20% of animals after 6 months, and in 60% after 12 months after vaccination. This creates high risks of anthrax in animals and people in disadvantaged areas since the anthrax pathogen is transmitted from an infected animal to a person by mistaken autopsy of dead animals or the processing of carcasses of animals, hidden carriers of the anthrax pathogen. With this in mind, in regions with high risks of anthrax, it was confirmed the need for introducing two vaccinations per year into the prevention scheme of this infection in animals and monitor the post-vaccination immunological status, which will allow them to maintain high immunity throughout the year and promptly eliminate the focus of infection. Conclusion. It was found that 69.8% of the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan (every third settlement) is permanently unfavorable for anthrax and has high risks of anthrax outbreaks in animals; it was shown the need for complex anti-anthrax measures, including two-time vaccination of animals during the year, to reduce the risks of infection of animals and the population with the causative agent of this infection.

Current questions of assessing the risk of infection in the territory of the soil-dwelling of anthrax for expanding the activities of industrial enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 1-2 (211-212) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Larisa Lukhnova ◽  
◽  
Uinkul Izbanova ◽  
Toktasyn Erubaev ◽  
Tatyana Meka-Mechenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Industrial Facility ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Republic

In the structure of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) according to the latest statistics, the growth rate of industrial development is noted. Growth of industrial production in the regional context was provided in 14 regions out of 16. The mining sector provides more than 2.9% of employment and 18% of gross value added in the economy. The development of industry of Kazakhstan requires the development of new territories, which is often difficult due to the presence of soil-dwelling of anthrax (anthrax animal burial sites). The territory of Kazakhstan is unfavorable for anthrax. Complete elimination of the infection is not possible due to the existence of soil-dwelling of anthrax. The article is devoted to assessing the risk of infection of people and animals on the territory of the soil-dwelling of anthrax and the possibility of reducing the sanitary protection zone (SPZ) in connection with the development of industrial enterprises. Aim. Laboratory-diagnostic analyses of samples of soil, groundwater, risk assessment of infection of people and animals on-site soil-dwelling of anthrax for the scientific substantiation of safe reduction of the SPZ soil-dwelling of the anthrax, which is located at an industrial facility. Methods. Samples and groundwater collection was carried out in accordance with the guidelines. The properties of the strains isolated from the samples were studied in accordance with generally accepted methods. To achieve this aim, the following methods were used to study samples for the presence of the causative agent of anthrax: bacteriological, biological, serological (fluorescence immunoassay, indirect hemagglutination test), genetic (PCR). The risk of infection was assessed on the territory of the soil dwelling (Aktobe region, Khromtau district, Khromtau) of anthrax using data on the epizootic and epidemic situation of anthrax. Results and discussions. Comprehensive studies of soil, surface and groundwater have been carried out. In bacteriological studies of soil samples in crops on the Hottinger's agar, single large, flat, matte-gray rough colonies with uneven edges and fringed processes were found. It was determined that all allocated isolates are typical soil microorganisms of Bacillus cereus involved in soil mineralization. There is no anthrax agent in the samples. We have assessed the risk of infection of people and animals in the territory of the soil dwelling of anthrax. It was determined that there is a low risk of infection of susceptible animals and people with anthrax on the territory of a soil-dwelling located in the Khromtau district, Aktobe region on the territory of an industrial facility. Conclusions. To solve the problem of safe reduction of the SPZ of the soil-dwelling of anthrax in order to expand the activities of an industrial enterprise, it is recommended to conduct a systematic microbiological monitoring of the soil center territory for three years by taking at least 200 soil, groundwater and groundwater samples, followed by an investigation of the presence of the bacillus anthracis and risk assessment of infection of humans and animals with the causative agent of infection. Keywords: anthrax, soil-dwelling, risk of infection, sanitary protection zone.

scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Composition of Diet of the Ural Owl, Strix Uralensi (Strigidae, Strigiformes), in the Central Part of European Russia (The Example of the Republic of Mordovia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-428
Author(s):  
A. Andreychev ◽  
A. Lapshin
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Feeding Spectrum ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Bone Remains ◽  
Ural Owl

Abstract The results of the study of the Ural Owl feeding spectrum are presented. In Russia the Ural owl eats over twenty species of mammals, thirty bird species and a number of animals of other classes. The research tasks included the identification of the species of the victims of a large owl in Mordovia, their quantitative data and the characteristics of osteological material from pellets. It was found out that mammals, in particular rodents, are the basis for the Ural owl food. The Ural Owl’s diet consists mainly of gray voles (47.7 %). On the second place there is a red vole (31.4 %). The share of mice is only 7.3 %. Th e predator hunts for the forest mouse most oft en. In pellets the mass fraction of bone remains varies in the range from 3.4 to 44.8 %. Th e average proportion of bone remains is, as a rule, up to 25 %, with the content of only one or two small rodents in pellets; the remains of three to six individuals - up to 45 % of the weight of dry pellet. Among all the bones of mammals, the lower jaws, femoral and tibia bones give the greatest information about the number and composition of victims of the Ural owl. In pellets the brachial and nameless bones of the victims are presented in smaller numbers.

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