LncRNA KRT19P3 Is Involved in Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have already been taken as critical regulatory molecules in breast carcinoma (BC). Besides, the progression of BC is closely associated with the immune system. However, the relationship between lncRNAs and the tumor immune system in BC has not been fully studied. LncRNA KRT19P3 has been reported to inhibit the progression of gastric cancer. In the present study, we first discovered that KRT19P3 was downregulated in BC tissues compared with para cancer tissue. Then we showed that KRT19P3 could be used as a marker to differentiate BC from para cancer tissue. Increased expression of KRT19P3 markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion rate of BC cells in vitro and tumor growth of BC in vivo. Conversely, KRT19P3 knockdown by siRNA markedly promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion rate of BC cells after being transfected. Comparison of clinical parameters showed an inverse relationship between the expression of KRT19P3 and pathological grade. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to reveal the positive rate of the expression of Ki-67, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and CD8 in BC tissues. Correlation analysis showed that Ki-67 and PD-L1 were inversely proportional to KRT19P3 but CD8 was directly proportional to KRT19P3. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that lncRNA KRT19P3 inhibits BC progression, and may affect the expression of PD-L1 in BC, which in turn affects CD8+ T (CD8 positive Cytotoxic T lymphocyte) cells in the immune microenvironment.

Identification of Distinct Molecular Subtypes of Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common gynecological cancers worldwide. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the major form of EC, accounting for 75–80% of cases. Currently, there is no molecular classification system for EAC, so there are no corresponding targeted treatments. In this study, we identified two distinct molecular subtypes of EAC with different gene expression patterns and clinicopathologic characteristics. Subtype I EAC cases, accounting for the majority of cases (56%), were associated with an earlier stage, a more well-differentiated grade, a lower tumor invasion rate, and a more favorable prognosis, and the median tumor necrosis percent (15%) was also significantly higher in subtype I EAC. In contrast, subtype II EAC represents high-grade EAC, with a higher tumor invasion rate and tumor weight. The up-regulated genes in subtype I EAC were associated with the immune response, defense response, cell motion, and cell motility pathway, whereas the up-regulated genes in subtype II EAC were associated with the cell cycle, DNA replication, and RNA processing pathways. Additionally, we identified three potential subtype-specific biomarkers, comprising MDM2 (MDM2 proto-oncogene) for subtype I, and MSH2 (mutS homolog 2) and MSH6 (mutS homolog 6) for subtype II.

MOSQUITOES AS A VECTOR OF TRANSFER OF ANTHROPOSOZOUS DISEASES

Статья посвящена ситуации по зооантропонозным заболеваниям, в передаче которых принимают участие кровососущие насекомые. Проанализирована эпидемиологическая ситуация по малярии, туляремии и дирофиляриозу в Кировской области, приведены данные по частоте заболеваемости малярией и туляремией, а также их сезонная и территориальная зависимость. По данным Панюковой Е.В. (2015) на территории Кировской области зарегистрировано 25 видов комаров, являющихся типичными представителями для лесной зоны. Единичные случаи малярии объясняются миграцией населения из неблагополучных стран по данному заболеванию. Природный очаг по туляремии поддерживают мелкие грызуны, которые в большом количестве присутствуют на территории Кировской области: полевая мышь, серая и черная крыса, разные виды серых полевок. Вспышка туляремии, имеющая трансмиссивный характер, с числом случаев регистрации болезни у 20 и 25 человек, зарегистрирована была соответственно в 2012 и 2015 годах. Дирофиляриоз человека в Кировской области впервые зарегистрирован в 2008 году. Наиболее частым клиническим проявлением заболевания является дирофиляриоз органа зрения. Комары рода Aedes и Culex участвуют в жизненном цикле дирофилярий, являясь вектором передачи инвазионных личинок от больного животного к человеку. При проведении ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы дирофилярии выявлены в мясе медведей. С 2013 года по настоящее время дирофиляриоз ежегодно регистрируется у служебных собак, с максимальной экстенсивностью инвазии в 2013 году 30,2%. Природные очаги зооантропонозов поддерживают в Кировской области благоприятные условия для жизнедеятельности как кровососущих насекомых, так и их прокормителей. Важным звеном в профилактике данных заболеваний является активная санитарно-просветительная работа среди населения. The article describes the situation of zooanthroponic diseases, in the transmission of which mosquitoes take part. The epidemiological situation of malaria, tularemia and dirofilariasis in the Kirov region was analyzed. Information was obtained on the incidence rate, seasonal and territorial dependence of malaria, tularemia and dirofilariasis. According to studies (E.V. Panyukova, 2015), 25 species of mosquitoes were registered in the Kirov region. Isolated cases of malaria are explained by the migration of the population from disadvantaged countries. The natural focus on tularemia is supported by small rodents, which are present in large numbers in the Kirov region: field mouse, gray and black rats, and different types of gray voles. The outbreak of tularemia, which is transmissible in nature, with the number of cases of disease registration in 20 and 25 people, was recorded in 2012 and 2015, respectively. Dirofilariasis of man in the Kirov region was first registered in 2008. Often recorded dirofilariasis of the organ of vision. Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes and Culex participate in the life cycle of dirofilariae, being a vector of transmission of invasive larvae from a sick animal to humans. During the veterinary and sanitary examination, dirofilaria were detected in the meat of bears. From 2013 to the present, dirofilariasis is registered every year in service dogs, with a maximum invasion rate in 2013 of 30.2%. The natural focus of zooanthroponoses in the Kirov region is supported by favorable conditions for the life of both blood-sucking insects and their hosts. An important link in the prevention of these diseases is active health education among the population.

lncRNA RP11-838N2.3 Promoted Cisplatin Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma

The mechanism of RP11-838N2.3 promoting cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) was unclear. The RP11-838N2.3 expression level in cells and LAD tissues was detected by qPCR. We constructed lentivirus-mediated GV303 overexpression and GV248 shRNA vector targeting RP11-838N2.3, then infected A549 and A549/DDP cell and furtherly analyzed cell biology. High-throughput gene chip analysis showed that RP11-838N2.3 was significantly upregulated in A549/DDP (change fold=66.056595). The qPCR results showed that the expression level of RP11-838N2.3 in A549/DDP cell was significantly higher than that in A549 cells (P<0.05), and the expression level of RP11-838N2.3 in LAD tissues was also significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The expression level of RP11-838N2.3 in cisplatin-insensitive LAD tissues was also significantly higher than that in cisplatin-sensitive LAD tissues (P<0.05). Survival analysis showed that OS (overall survival) and DFS (progression-free survival) of high RP11-838N2.3 expression in the cisplatin-sensitive or cisplatin-insensitive LAD group were lower (P<0.001 and P<0.001) than those of low RP11-838N2.3 expression in the cisplatin-sensitive or cisplatin-insensitive LAD group. CCK8 showed that the OD450 value of RP11-838N2.3 overexpression increased significantly at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after transfection, while the knockdown of RP11-838N2.3 caused OD450 value at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after transfection significantly reduced, under the action of cisplatin that had the same trend (P<0.05). The cell migration showed that the RP11-838N2.3 overexpression increased significantly migration activity and RP11-838N2.3 knockdown inhibited migration activity at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after transfection. The same trend was also observed under the action of cisplatin (P<0.05). The cell invasion showed that the invasion rate of RP11-838N2.3 overexpression increased significantly, while the invasion rate of RP11-838N2.3 knockdown decreased significantly, and the same trend was observed under the action of cisplatin (P<0.05). Apoptosis results showed that the apoptosis rate of RP11-838N2.3 overexpressed cells decreased significantly and the apoptosis rate of RP11-838N2.3 knockdown cells increased significantly, and the same trend was also observed under the action of cisplatin (P<0.05). However, the results of cell cycle showed that there was no significant difference in the proportion of cells in each phase of the cell cycle after RP11-838N2.3 overexpression or knockdown (P>0.05).RP11-838N2.3 was significantly upregulated in cisplatin-resistant cell and tissues of LAD. RP11-838N2.3 could enhance the proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibit apoptosis of LAD cisplatin-resistant cell. So RP11-838N2.3 could enhance the cisplatin resistance of LAD cells and was a resistant lncRNA molecule.

EPIZOOTOLOGY OF SARCOCYSTOSIS IN DOMESTIC AND WILD RUMINANTS

Sarcocystosis is a widespread invasion of domestic and wild ruminants in the Udmurt Republic. The infection degree is 2.5 times higher in wild animals and amounts to 83.3%; cattle infestation according to the results of our studies is within 33.3%. The research material was samples of muscle tissue (myocardium, chewing muscles, esophageal wall, latissimus dorsi and biceps femoris) from 18 mooses and 42 cattle. The results of our studies showed that the degree of the infection of animals of the wild focus is 2.5 times higher than cattle. In each 4th carcass of moose carcasses, dystrophic changes in the structure of muscles were macroscopically revealed, and therefore 5 carcasses were disposed of. The invasion rate of cattle carcasses from livestock enterprises and private farms reaches up to 33.3%. Microscopic studies have shown that tissue forms of sarcocysts are most commonly found in the myocardium, chewing muscles and the wall of the esophagus. None of the 60 studied samples of the latissimus dorsi muscle has protozoa of the genus Sarcocystis detected.

DIROPHILARIOSIS MONITORING IN CREED DOGS IN THE ARARAT REGION OF ARMENIA

Dirofilariasis is distinguished by the type of causative agent of dirofilaria - Dirofilariaimmitis and Dirofilariarepens. Dirofilariasis is practically not studied in the territory of Armenia. The article is devoted to determining the spread of dirofilariasis and the extent of the invasion extent in the Ararat region of the Republic of Armenia. The objects of study were shepherd dogs. It was found that in 100% of cases the causative agent is D. immitis; the average invasion rate of shepherd dogs in the Ararat region was 16.6%. The largest number of dogs with dirofilariasis was between the ages of 3 to 5 years. Thus, in Armenia, a local focus of carnivorous dirofilariasis is actively functioning, in the distribution of which cattle dogs are actively involved.

The incidence of people and animals with echinococcosis in the Kostanay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The aim of the research was to study the distribution of echinococcosis in humans and animals in the Kostanay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research on the diagnosis of echinococcosis in humans was carried out in the Kostanay branch of the “Scientific and Practical Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring” of Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2000-2015. In order to establish the degree of invasion of dogs by echinococcus, fecal samples in the Kostanay region, in the areas where cases of echinococcosis in humans were registered, were taken. The incidence among the population of various age groups in the region was analyzed according to the results of studies of blood samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lung radiography. It has been established that echinococcosis is a widespread disease among people living not only in the Kostanay region, but also in the Republic of Kazakhstan on the whole. Between 2000 and 2019 the number of patients with echinococcosis in the Kostanay region amounted to 249 cases. The smallest number of cases (5) was registered in 2000, and the largest in 2014-26 cases. In the years of 2002-2015. the incidence rate of echinococcosis in humans did not decrease and ranged from 1.6% to 1.5% per 100.0 thousand people. The maximum number of positive reactions by ELISA for echinococcosis was recorded in 2003, 2005, 2006 and from 2013 to 2016, when the incidence rate of people was 0.9%; 0.8%; 0.26%; 1.8%, 3.0%; 1.5%; 0.9% respectively. The peak incidence of human echinococcosis occurred in 2014 and amounted to 3.0%. The analysis of the registration of cases of echinococcosis among people of different age groups showed that out of 8 cases in 2016, 3 cases were in the population under the age of 14 and its infection rate per 100.0 thousand amounted to 1.74%. In 2017, out of 7 registered cases of the incidence of echinococcosis in humans- 2 cases were in the population under the age of 14 and its infection rate per 100.0 thousand was 1.14%. The maximum number of cases of echinococcosis in 2011-2017 was recorded in sheep, the invasion rate of Echinococcus granulosus being 3.1%, 3.5%, 4.2%, 3.1%, 5.6%, 3.0%, 2.8% respectively, while the average invasion in sheep amounted to 1.5%. There were no cases of registration of echinococcosis in horses. Judging by the results of the comparative analysis of the epizootic and epidemiological situation of echinococcosis in the Kostanay region, it should be noted that echinococcus infection occurs in all areas of the region, with approximately the same level of development of livestock production and a large number of dogs.

Infestation and Reproduction of Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman and Hygienic Behavior in Colonies of Apis mellifera L. (Africanized Honeybee) with Queens of Different Genetic Origins

The hygienic behavior and variables related to the varroa mite in Apis mellifera colonies, with queens of different origins, were evaluated from October 2013 to June 2014. Queens from the selection program of the Maringá State University (Maringá / PR), from a beekeeper/ producer of Santa Terezinha/ SC and unselected queens, randomly selected in an experimental apiary (Irineópolis / SC) were evaluated. Colonies with queens of Maringá presented an increase in the invasion rate and total reproduction of varroa as there was reduction of hygienic behavior. This group presented a reduction in the effective reproduction of the mite, with a mean of 2.3 fertile offspring. Colonies with queens of Santa Terezinha presented an increase in the invasion rate due to the reduction of hygienic behavior, but in a less marked manner, since this characteristic remained stable, with an average of 92.0%. The total and effective reproduction of the mite for this group was 1.7 and 0.9 of total and fertile offspring, respectively. Colonies with queens of Irineópolis showed the lowest hygienic behavior (78.0%) and the highest total (12.6) and effective (5.3) reproduction of the mite. The use of selected queens, with hygienic behavior, interferes with the varroa population dynamics, contributing to the reduction of the invasion and total and effective reproduction rates of the mite.