scholarly journals Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine: The History Revisited

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sujan N. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Selective Toxicity ◽  
Pancreatic Cancers ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Food Vacuoles ◽  
Hemoglobin Degradation ◽  
New Applications ◽  
The Tropics

The medicinal properties of the bark of the Cinchona tree have been known for centuries. It was known to cure fever and malaria. The active alkaloid was first isolated by the French chemists Pelletier and Coventou in 1820. The organized use of a large amount of quinine to prevent and treat malaria was largely done by the colonial military units in the tropics, especially in Africa and Southeast Asia. Scientists soon learned to synthesize quinine-like compounds which included chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. Quinine (C18H26CIN3) was first synthesized successfully in 1934. In 1946, hydroxychloroquine (C18H26CIN3O) was developed as its less toxic alternative. Quinine derivatives, CQ and HCQ, are weak bases chemically. They are accumulated in acidic food vacuoles of intraerythrocytic trophozoites. Its antimalarial action is due to the induction of selective toxicity to lysosomes in parasites, thereby preventing hemoglobin degradation. For a long time the role of CQ as an anti-inflammatory agent has been investigated. It is used as a disease-modifying agent against rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It has antitumor activities also and has been studied in glioblastoma, colon, and pancreatic cancers. In the recent outbreak of the corona pandemic, there is a resurgence of interest in its use as an antiviral agent. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood; it may involve multiple pathways to act as an antiviral agent. The research activities to explore its efficacy and new applications in various diseases have never ceased. Despite its long history the drug and its derivatives have attracted scientists world-wide.

Europe continues to lead the way in the collaborative robot business

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bogue
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Collaborative Robots ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Timely Review ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Collaborative Robot

Purpose – This paper aims to provide a European perspective on the collaborative robot business and to consider the factors governing future market development. Design/methodology/approach – Following an introduction, this first describes the collaborative robots launched recently by European manufacturers and their applications. It then discusses major European research activities and finally considers the factors stimulating the market. Findings – This article shows that collaborative robots are being commercialised by the major European robot manufacturers as well as by several smaller specialists. Although most have low payload capacities they are inexpensive and offer a number of operational benefits, making them well suited to a range of existing and emerging applications. Europe has a strong research base and several EU-funded programmes aim to stimulate collaborative robot development and use. Rapid market development is anticipated, driven in the main by applications in electronic product manufacture and assembly; new applications in the automotive industry; uses by small to medium-sized manufacturers; and companies seeking robots to support agile production methods. Originality/value – This paper provides a timely review of the rapidly developing European collaborative robot industry.

MUSEUM OF ARCHEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE IEI UFRC RAS: CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
R.M. MUKHAMETZYANOVA-DUGGAL ◽  
◽  
D.A. KAMALETDINOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the research is the experience of creating and functioning of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research of the UFRC RAS (MAE IEI UFRC RAS), which is an integral part of the academic museum network formed in the second half of the twentieth century. For a long time, the museum has been exhibiting objects that demonstrate the results of archaeological and ethnographic research in the field of studying the history and culture of the peoples of the Southern Urals. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the creation of the museum, to consider its development to date; to analyze the main directions of work and the results of museum activities, as well as to determine the specifics and prospects for the development of museum activities of the IEI of the UFRC RAS. In the course of the research, the names of scientists and specialists who participated in the formation of collections are named, information about the acquisition of museum funds and state accounting of objects is provided, the features of exposition activity are highlighted, the most interesting exhibitions and current work in this direction are noted, the implementation of excursion activities is shown, the results of project work are highlighted and the most significant projects are described. Attention is also paid to the results of research activities based on archaeological and ethnographic funds, since this work makes a significant contribution to the development of historical science.

scholarly journals Construction of merged satellite total O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> time series in the tropics for trend studies and evaluation by comparison to NDACC SAOZ measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3337-3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pastel ◽  
J.-P. Pommereau ◽  
F. Goutail ◽  
A. Richter ◽  
A. Pazmiño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Lower Noise ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Long time series of ozone and NO2 total column measurements in the southern tropics are available from two ground-based SAOZ (Système d'Analyse par Observation Zénithale) UV-visible spectrometers operated within the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) in Bauru (22° S, 49° W) in S-E Brazil since 1995 and Reunion Island (21° S, 55° E) in the S-W Indian Ocean since 1993. Although the stations are located at the same latitude, significant differences are observed in the columns of both species, attributed to differences in tropospheric content and equivalent latitude in the lower stratosphere. These data are used to identify which satellites operating during the same period, are capturing the same features and are thus best suited for building reliable merged time series for trend studies. For ozone, the satellites series best matching SAOZ observations are EP-TOMS (1995–2004) and OMI-TOMS (2005–2011), whereas for NO2, best results are obtained by combining GOME version GDP5 (1996–2003) and SCIAMACHY – IUP (2003–2011), displaying lower noise and seasonality in reference to SAOZ. Both merged data sets are fully consistent with the larger columns of the two species above South America and the seasonality of the differences between the two stations, reported by SAOZ, providing reliable time series for further trend analyses and identification of sources of interannual variability in the future analysis.

scholarly journals Meningkatkan kinerja usaha kecil menengah dengan pendekatan value engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muslimin Ilham ◽  
Ferry Suzantho ◽  
Surahmad Surahmad ◽  
Fuad Achmadi
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Engineering Method ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Welding Joints

Currently, the use of value engineering has been done in various business fields. Not only large companies, but SMEs in the region have also started to recognize the method of business management with value engineering. This research attempts to solve the problem of how SMEs can improve their performance based on Value Engineering approach. This research is a qualitative research. From the research activities, obtained the following conclusions. (1) Application of Value Engineering method on SMEs can complete better solution in order to improve company performance. (2) Based on the alternative combination of work methods created then, alternative application of value engineering selected. Because the application of value engineering has advantages such as: (a) Rapid production process, (b) Neat workmanship, (c) Selling price is higher. While the technical specifications owned by Value Engineering alternatives that will be run are as follows: (a) The process does not work long time to manufacture 1 unit of minimalist metal fence. For the size of 8m2 it only takes 2 days. (b) The quality and quality required have a perfect shape and are not defective. (c) The welding joints are not easily broken by impact / blow. (3) Cost reduction can be done on Value Engineering method, because the change of new method in production process of minimizing iron fence affecting the reduction of labor cost. The reduction of these costs will affect the increase in the higher performance of the product, so the value of the product to rise, then affect the selling price to be high.

Case of Lutz-Ieanselm's near-articular nodes

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
G. G. Kondratyev
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Tropics

This disease was first noted by Lutz (1891), who observed it among the inhabitants of the Sandwich Islands. Iеanselme, observing it among the natives in Indo-China, described it under the name "Nodosits juxta articulaires". Until 1920, the latter was considered a disease of exclusively tropical countries. All the cases described before 1920 concerned almost exclusively the natives and only in some cases Europeans who have lived in the tropics for a long time.

scholarly journals SlowTT: A Slow Denial of Service against IoT Networks

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Ivan Vaccari ◽  
Maurizio Aiello ◽  
Enrico Cambiaso
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Message Queue ◽  
Denial Of Service Attack ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Cyber Threat ◽  
Service Attack ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Low Rate

The security of Internet of Things environments is a critical and trending topic, due to the nature of the networks and the sensitivity of the exchanged information. In this paper, we investigate the security of the Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol, widely adopted in IoT infrastructures. We exploit two specific weaknesses of MQTT, identified during our research activities, allowing the client to configure the KeepAlive parameter and MQTT packets to execute an innovative cyber threat against the MQTT broker. In order to validate the exploitation of such vulnerabilities, we propose SlowTT, a novel “Slow” denial of service attack aimed at targeting MQTT through low-rate techniques, characterized by minimum attack bandwidth and computational power requirements. We validate SlowTT against real MQTT services, by considering both plaintext and encrypted communications and by comparing the effects of the attack when targeting different application daemons and protocol versions. Results show that SlowTT is extremely successful, and it can exploit the identified vulnerability to execute a denial of service against the IoT network by keeping the connection alive for a long time.

scholarly journals Long-memory processes in ozone and temperature variations at the region 60° S–60° N

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4093-4100 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Varotsos ◽  
D. Kirk-Davidoff
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. Global column ozone and tropospheric temperature observations made by ground-based (1964–2004) and satellite-borne (1978–2004) instrumentation are analyzed. Ozone and temperature fluctuations in small time-intervals are found to be positively correlated to those in larger time-intervals in a power-law fashion. For temperature, the exponent of this dependence is larger in the mid-latitudes than in the tropics at long time scales, while for ozone, the exponent is larger in tropics than in the mid-latitudes. In general, greater persistence could be a result of either stronger positive feedbacks or larger inertia. Therefore, the increased slope of the power distribution of temperature in mid-latitudes at long time scales compared to the slope in the tropics could be connected to the poleward increase in climate sensitivity predicted by the global climate models. The detrended fluctuation analysis of model and observed time series provides a helpful tool for visualizing errors in the treatment of long-range correlations, whose correct modeling would greatly enhance confidence in long-term climate and atmospheric chemistry modeling.

Hysteresis of the Coanda Effect

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldona Skotnicka-Siepsiak
Keyword(s):  
Deflection Angle ◽  
Coanda Effect ◽  
Inclined Plate ◽  
Free Jet ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Jet Behavior ◽  
Coandǎ Effect ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Plane Jet ◽  
First Time

For scientist, the Coanda effect has been an object of interest for a long time. All the time, some new applications of it are found although it has been more than a hundred years since Henri Coanda got a patent that was critical for that issue. Apart from aviation, it is more and more often used in ventilation systems to control the manner of air division and the design nozzles and ventilators. It is surprising, however, that a good command of that phenomenon and a need to apply it in different solutions did not entail a significant increase of the interest in the Coanda effect hysteresis, although it was mentioned for the first time by Newman in 1961. This article presents results of experimental measurements for a two-dimensional incompressible plane jet by an inclined plate. The hysteresis has been observed as a different jet behavior (a free jet or a jet attached to a flat plate) depending on the direction in which the plate deflection angle changes. The observed hysteresis area, defined by critical values for the αca attachment and αcd detachment angles, spanned from 8 deg to 14 deg. Its dependency on the Reynolds number has also been examined for Re ranging from 3500 to 26,500. Considering the Coanda effect hysteresis, a pressure distribution on the plate and the xR reattachment distance has been examined. The distribution of forces on a plate has been identified, which has facilitated a graphical mirroring of the Coanda effect hysteresis loop.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of Madiun 1, the First Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) released cultivar in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
Novita Nugrahaeni ◽  
Ratri Tri Hapsari ◽  
Trustinah ◽  
Febria Cahya Indriani ◽  
Sutrisno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
First Year ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tuber Crop ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Local Germplasm ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a tuber crop native to the tropics that belongs to the Araceae family. Porang is a potential tuber crops that has been known in Indonesia for a long time, but the value of its product has not been widely disclosed. The planting area covers over 45,000 ha with East Java as the main production areaMadiun-East Java has a long and the oldest history of porang cultivation in Indonesia and has great potential for porang development. Characterized and officially released its local cultivar as an official released cultivar would protect the local germplasm and can be used as a basis for character improvement. Porang Madiun 1 cultivar has morphological characteristics of compound leaf type, dark green-green leaf color. The color of the leaf edges is pink, but as the age of the plant increases, the leaf edges turn white. Porang leaf surface smooth-wavy, hairless. The edges of porang leaves are smooth- wavy, depend on sunlight intensity. Stem shape was round, stem color was green with white spots and longitudinal lines, The pattern of spots on the stems has a sparse density, with the color of the stems varying depending on the age of the plant. Shape of bulbil was irregular round with various size. Average corm weight of Madiun 1 was 0.1 kg for first year porang plant, 0.4 kg for second year porang plant, and 1.6 kg for third year it became 1.6 kg with the average number of bulbils 1.8, 4.9, and 16.7, respectively

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