scholarly journals TB trends in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atajan Ergeshov ◽  
◽  
Larisa Rusakova ◽  
Sergey Sterlikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Soviet Time ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Estimate Number

To study the tuberculosis (TB) trends in the Russian Federation for 2010-2019 and 2020. Methods. The main epidemiological TB indicators, including TB-HIV co-infection and multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) for 2010-2019 and 2020 were calculated. Results. The estimate number of TB deaths in 2015-2020 went down by at least 58.7%. The absolute number of incident TB cases (new cases and relapses) decreased by 32.5% in 2015-2020. By quarter’s I-III of 2020, the rates of primary MDR-TB increased up to 33.7%. Since 2016, the incidence of TB and HIV co-infection has been stable. The prevalence of TB has been continuously decreasing, and during the past 2-3 years, a decrease in the prevalence of TB- HIV co-infection and MDR-TB was reported. Conclusion. Russia has achieved the interim results of the End TB Strategy 2020, as well as the level of TB incidence corresponding to the late Soviet time. The growth of MDR-TB rate shows the need to expand the introduction of innovative anti-tuberculosis drugs and to revise the regimens for prevention of latent TB infection.

scholarly journals Murder for Hire: Criminological Analysis of the Current Situation in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-552
Author(s):  
Anna Repetskaya ◽  
Sergey Gabeev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Murder Rate ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Criminological Analysis

This article offers a criminological analysis of murders for hire, from the moment of their regulation in the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation until 2019. Since the procedure of statistical registration of these crimes changed several times during this period, comparable indicators were presented based on these changes. The base period is from 2003 to 2019. In the course of criminological analysis, the authors used official statistical data and calculated the dynamics of absolute and relative indicators (growth rates, specific weight, intensity coefficient) of crimes of the studied type. As a result, the authors came to the following conclusions. In the Russian Federation, murder for hire is not a common crime: its share in the structure of murders over the past decade has not exceeded 0.15 %, although murders account for no more than 0.5 % in the overall structure of crime. The analysis of the dynamics of this crime revealed not only a steady downward trend in its quantitative indicators, but also a faster rate of decline in comparison with the dynamics of murders in general (the absolute number of criminal cases of murder for hire decreased 6 times during the examined period, while the absolute murder rate decreased only 4 times, and the rate of decline for the basic indicator of murder for hire was higher by 8.7 %). The coefficient of intensity of murders of this type during the examined period also decreased 6.5 times. The rate of decline in the indicators of assassinations committed by organized criminal groups and criminal communities was 2 times higher than the rate shown by the entire set of murders of this type. At the same time, the share of murders for hire committed with the use of firearms, explosive devices, and explosives has not actually changed, despite a six-fold decrease in absolute indicators. However, the share of such crimes is not dominant in the structure of homicides for hire. In addition, murder for hire is a crime with a higher degree of latency than manslaughter. At the same time, a complicated system of registering murders for hire under various indicators makes it possible to disguise the real situation with this crime.

scholarly journals Current state of the cardiology bed fund in the Russian Federation and its dynamics during 2010–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
I. M. Son ◽  
V. A. Evdakov ◽  
E. M. Manoshkina ◽  
M. N. Bantyeva ◽  
Yu. Yu. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Current State ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Patient Stay ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Absolute

Aim. To assess the current state of the cardiology bed fund in round-the-clock and day-patient facilities in the Russian Federation and the efficiency of its use in 2010–2018.Materials and methods. Using the method of descriptive statistics, the data from the Federal Statistical Observation Forms (No. 30, 47 and 14DS) were analyzed in order to assess the current state and dynamics of the use of cardiology beds during the 2010–2018 period.Results. The absolute number of cardiology hospital beds in Russia in 2018 amounted to 49,578 beds, which number was lower than in 2010 by 5,899 beds. The absolute number of cardiology beds in day-patient facilities of all hospital types increased by 169 beds and equaled 4,019 beds. The provision of the Russian population with round-the-clock hospital cardiology beds decreased from 3.88 per 10,000 population in 2010 to 3.38 in 2018 (–12.9%). The provision of the population with cardiology beds in day-patient facilities in hospitals providing inpatient care increased by 19.6% (from 0.12 to 0.14 per 10,000 population) in 2010–2018. This indicator decreased by 11.5% (from 0.15 to 0.14 per 10,000 population) in day-patient facilities in medical organizations providing outpatient care in 2014–2018. In Russia, the hospitalization rate in round-the-clock cardiology departments increased from 9.3 per 1000 population in 2010 to 10.8 in 2018 (+16.1%). The average length of patient stay in round-the-clock cardiology departments decreased from 13.1 days to 9.7 days (–26.0%), with the indicator of bed turnover growing by 29.2%. The mortality rate decreased by 3.6% (from 1.96% in 2010 to 1.89% in 2018).Conclusion. The total number of patients treated in cardiology beds of both round-the-clock and day-patient facilities was 266,311 people higher in 2018 compared to 2010, out of which 89.6% (236,004 people) were treated in round-the-clock hospital facilities and 10.4% (27,307 people) — in hospitals providing outpatient care. At the same time, the absolute number of round-the-clock hospital beds decreased. As a result, the rate of substituting treatment at round-the-clock hospital facilities with that at outpatient medical organizations remains insignificant.

Particularity of Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the Russian Federation: Public Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-322
Author(s):  
Václav Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Broad Interpretation ◽  
Basic Ideas

Summary This article elaborates on the issue of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the Russian Federation. It is common knowledge that foreign companies seeking R&E in Russia suffered damage because of the broad interpretation of Russian public policy in the past decades. However, it is uncertain how the present judicial development appears like and where it will lead in the future. The article specifically considers two basic ideas on the issue at hand: one is slightly critical (Karabelnikov) while the second is rather optimistic in regard with the recent development (Zykov). The main goal is to introduce the issue to the respective readers and to try to inflame a discussion.

Current state and main directions of preservation and strengthening of health of the working population of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Bukhtiyarov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Past ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents the results of the analysis of health, working conditions and prevalence of adverse production factors, the structure of the detected occupational pathology in the working population of the Russian Federation. The article presents Statistical data on the dynamics of the share of workplaces of industrial enterprises that do not meet hygienic standards, occupational morbidity in 2015-2018 for the main groups of adverse factors of the production environment and the labor process. The indicators of occupational morbidity over the past 6 years in the context of the main types of economic activity, individual subjects of the Russian Federation, classes of working conditions, levels of specialized occupational health care. The role of the research Institute of occupational pathology and occupational pathology centers in solving organizational, methodological and practical tasks for the detection, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of occupational diseases is shown. The basic directions of activity in the field of preservation and strengthening of health of workers, and also safety at a workplace are defined.

ON THE NEED TO COLLECT, PRESERVE AND STUDY DISAPPEARED NAMES OF SETTLEMENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
S.A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Local History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Disappeared

The article deals with the problem of collecting, preserving and researching the disappeared names of localities in the subjects of the Russian Federation, which for centuries have become an integral part of the historical and cultural heritage of the peoples of our country. The author believes that only a comprehensive analysis of the past oikonyms in nominational, lexical-semantic, historical-cultural, historical-ethnographic, local history aspects will restore the linguistic and cultural systems of different time periods in different microareals of the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that in order to preserve the historical memory of the disappeared names of geographical objects, local researchers need the support of regional state authorities and local self-government.

Prospects for immunomodulatory therapy of bronchial asthma

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-391
Author(s):  
G. V. Cherepnev ◽  
Y. D. Slabnov ◽  
I. E. Zimakova
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapy ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Immunological Reactivity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Pharmacological Correction

The relevance of pharmacological correction of immunological reactivity is obvious: many socially significant diseases are accompanied by an imbalance in immune homeostasis. In the past few years, a number of reviews on the classification and mechanisms of action of immunotropic drugs approved for clinical use in the Russian Federation have been published in the domestic press.

Restoring the financial health of debtors: Changing approaches in the legislation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-971
Author(s):  
Andrei L. BELOUSOV
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Regulatory Enforcement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Financial Recovery

Subject. The article considers the development of the institution of bankruptcy in the context of the emerging legal environment in this area. Objectives. The focus is to study the development of relations in the bankruptcy sphere in the Russian Federation that relate to inefficient procedures aimed at the financial recovery of business entities, and to formulate the main directions for further changes in the legal regulation of this area. Methods. The study employs research methods, like logical and structural analysis, systems and functional approach, the formal legal method. Results. The paper reveals the essence, specific features and legal regulation of bankruptcy, assesses the regulatory enforcement based on the existing law on insolvency, formulates the key problems of the law enforcement practice of business entities that has been formed over the past 20 years, defines further directions of changes in the legal regulation of bankruptcy relations in the Russian Federation. Conclusions. Changing the approaches to the current bankruptcy system in favor of expanding the application of rehabilitation procedures for restoring the solvency of debtors will enable to support businesses that are in difficult financial situation. This will result in preservation of employment, increased tax revenues to budgets at various levels, improved competitiveness of Russian businesses. The findings may be useful in terms of theory, for the study of issues relating to the concept, essence and legal regulation of the institution of bankruptcy in the Russian Federation, and in practice, for developing proposals to improve regulations in this sphere.

Reform in the Rail and Electricity sectors in Russia: Restructuring, Competition and the Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
International Experience ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Two Sectors

The Russian Federation is in the process of making major structural changes to its railway and electricity sectors. Both sectors will be at least partly vertically disintegrated, with the aim of creating competition in the “upstream” sector while maintaining state ownership and control of the monopoly “grid”. This paper examines the details of reform and restructuring in the context of the international experience with reform and restructuring in these two sectors, and considers the role of the Ministry for Antimonopoly Policy in reform, both in the past as an “advocate for competition” within the government, and in the future as the guarantor of non-discriminatory access to the grids by non-integrated upstream producers.

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