Phytochemical analysis and in vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial activity of the Chloroform leaf extract of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik (Malvaceae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 4719-4726
Author(s):  
Selvaraj Divya ◽  
Subramanian Arivoli ◽  
Samuel Tennyson
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Medicinal plants are of great significance and global importance as antioxidants and antibacterial agents. In the present investigation the chloroform leaf extract of Abelmoschus manihot was screened for its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Flavonoids, phenolics, tannins and vitamins were the phytochemical constituents present. GC-MS analysis revealed ten major phytocompounds. In vitro antioxidant assay via DPPH exhibited an IC50 value of 234.7±37.53mg/mL, and its activity could be ascribed due to the presence of the phytocompound α-tocopherol. The antimicrobial activity represented by the zone of inhibition via disc diffusion method, observed no activity against the fungal strains, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli exhibited 12 to 14mm zone of inhibition at concentrations 100-500µg, which can be attributed due to the presence of flavonoids. The above results suggests that antioxidant and antibacterial activity exhibited by the chloroform leaf extract of this plant was attributed to the presence of the phytochemicals, especially phenolics and flavonoids. Further in depth studies on the phytochemical constituents of this chloroform leaf extract is recommended, as this extract could serve as an additional implement to natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Nanoparticle-Incorporated Orthodontic Primer: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422098818
Author(s):  
Cheepurupalli Meher Vineesha ◽  
D Praveen Kumar Varma ◽  
P Arun Bhupathi ◽  
CV Padma Priya ◽  
M Anoosha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Aim and Objectives: To compare and evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of various nanoparticles incorporated in orthodontic primer with that of conventional antimicrobial agents at different concentrations on Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans) strain. Materials and Methods: Transbond XT Primer was mixed with 2.5% and 5% benzalkonium chloride (BAC), 0.2% and 2.5% chlorhexidine, 1% and 3% titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, 0.2% and 0.5% nanohydroxyapatite, and 0.2% and 0.5% silica-doped nanohydroxyapatite powders. Antibacterial activity against S. mutans for all the materials was evaluated by the disk diffusion method for periods of 48 (T1) and 72 (T2) hours. Results: There was a significant increase in the antimicrobial activity of the orthodontic primer modified by the addition of antibacterial agents. The highest zone of inhibition against S. mutans was observed for silica-doped nanohydroxyapatite of 0.5% (11.03 mm) among all the nanoparticles, which was similar to the conventional antibacterial agents used in our study. Conclusions: • Among all the groups, BAC at 5% concentration showed the highest antimicrobial activity, and the least activity was exhibited by 1% TiO2 nanoparticles. • Silica-doped nanohydroxyapatite at 0.5% expressed the greatest antibacterial activity among all the nanoparticles. • All the materials showed sustained antibacterial activity even after 72 hours.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and antibacterial screening of different fractions of root part of Ipomea Turpethum

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Tehmina Sohail ◽  
Sadia Ferheen ◽  
Hina Imran ◽  
Zahra Yaqeen ◽  
Atiq Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibacterial Screening

Objective: In folk medicines, different herbs and plants have been used for many thousands of years .Now it is important to investigate these plants and herbs scientifically which have been used in traditional medicines. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of root of Ipomea turpethum extracted in methanol and its fractions.Methods: The methanol extract was further extracted with three solvents ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane and analyzed for their antibacterial activity using by agar well diffusion method. They were tested against six bacteria; Echrichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas auroginosa and Salmonella typhi. The susceptibility of microorganisms to all three fractions was compared with each other and with standard antibotic (Ampicillin). The fractions of Ipomea turpethum was also qualitatively analyzed for the presence of chemical components, i.e. saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides.Result: Among all fractions methanol exhibited highest antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 23.53mm ± 1.3) while ethyl acetate exhibited least antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 18.50mm ± 3.5). Minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane fractions was found in the range of 650ug/ml to 2500ugl/ml against microorganisms.Conclusion: Results obtained from this preliminary in-vitro experiment indicate that, all three fractions of Ipomea turpethum has good antibacterial activity against all microorganisms used. By phytochemical analysis of extract, it has been found to contain some nutrient and chemical components which support its ethenomedicinal use but further work is required for development of new antibiotic compounds.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.93-97

Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Erythrina fusca Lour. Leaf Extract (Fabaceae)

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Adiez Sapura Azmi ◽  
Mohammad Humayoon Amini ◽  
Muhammad Farhan Syakir Nor Azman ◽  
Fatimah Salim ◽  
Ali Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antibacterial Screening

Erythrina fusca Lour. (family Fabaceae) is a flowering tree that is locally known as ‘chengkering’. The plant is traditionally used in treatment of some symptoms related to bacterial infections such as wound infections, inflammations, and skin itching. This work reports for the first time in vitro antibacterial screening of the E. fusca Lour. methanolic leaf extract against some common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro antibacterial assay was carried out using agar   diffusion method with the extract concentration of 3 mg/well and vancomycin 30 µg/well as the positive control. It was found that the extract exhibits antibacterial effects in range of 10.5 – 14 mm of zone of inhibition (ZOI) against all tested bacteria except for K. pneumoniae. P. aeruginosa showing ZOI of 14 mm was the most sensitive bacterium while P. vulgaris (ZOI of 10.5 mm) was the least sensitive strain to the extract. Based on the preliminary phytochemical screening of using standard qualitative phytochemical tests, this species contains significant amount of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins, which might contribute to the antibacterial activity of the extract. Both antibacterial potential and presence of various phytochemicals in the extract could support the traditional uses of E. fusca  , and the obtained results would serve as a basis for further exploration of antibacterial properties of the plant’s leaves.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SWIETENIA MAHAGONI – A HIGHLY MEDICINAL PLANT IN INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Dhanapaul Vinoth Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Antibacterial Study ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Swietenia mahagoni leaf extract. The leaf extract was subjected to a variety of phytochemical analysis. The qualitative phytochemical tests exhibited the presence of common phytocompounds like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phlobatannins, flavanoids, terpenoids and volatile oils as major active constituents. The plant (Swietenia mahagoni) leaf has valuable medicinal uses, hence petroleum ether (18.2g) was found to be a good solvent for the phytochemical and antibacterial study. Similarly, the Methanolic leaf extract of Swietenia mahagoni has highest zone of inhibition on Bacillus subtilis.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpastes on Microorganisms Associated with Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Kulshrestha ◽  
J Kranthi ◽  
P Krishna Rao ◽  
Feroz Jenner ◽  
V Abdul Jaleel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT Aim The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available herbal toothpastes against the different periodontopathogens. Materials and methods Six herbal toothpastes that were commonly commercially available were included in the study. Colgate herbal, Babool, Meswak, Neem active, Dabur red toothpastes were tested for the study whereas sterile normal saline was used as control. Antimicrobial efficacies of dentifrices were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The antimicrobial properties of dentifrices were tested by measuring the maximum zone of inhibition at 24 hours on the Mueller Hinton Agar media inoculated with microbial strain using disk diffusion method. Each dentifrice was tested at 100% concentration (full strength). Results The study showed that all dentifrices selected for the study were effective against the entire test organism but to varying degree. Neem active tooth paste gave a reading of 25.4 mm as the zone of inhibition which was highest amongst all of the test dentifrices. Colgate Herbal and Meswak dentifrices recorded a larger maximum zone of inhibition, measuring 23 and 22.6 mm respectively, compared to other toothpastes. All other dentifrices showed the zone of inhibition to be between 17 and 19 mm respectively. Conclusion The antibacterial properties of six dentifrices were studied in vitro and concluded that almost all of the dentifrices available commercially had antibacterial properties to some extent to benefit dental health or antiplaque action. How to cite this article Jenner F, Jaleel VA, Kulshrestha R, Maheswar G, Rao PK, Kranthi J. Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpastes on Microorganisms Associated with Diabetes Mellitus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):924-929.

scholarly journals Giloy (Tinospora Cordifolia): In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulsa Devi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Antibiotic resistance has become a global concern and hence, the search for other source of antimicrobials initiated to find a way to control infections in future. The main objective of this paper is to screen Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) for its antibacterial activity. The stem of Tinospora cordifolia is used to prepare extract for determining it’s in vitro antibacterial activity as per the agar well diffusion method. In the agar well diffusion method 100μl of 24 hr broth culture of bacteria was aseptically and evenly swabbed on Mueller Hinton agar plates. Wells of about 8 mm diameter were aseptically cut using sterile cork-borer. 100 μl of plant extracts of different concentrations were then placed into the separate wells. The plates were incubated at 37 oC for 24hr. Antimicrobial activity of the giloy was determined by measuring the diameter of zone of inhibition. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 11, 9 and 5 mm zone of inhibition in S. aureus cultures by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively while hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 14, 12, 10 and 8 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the cold extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 10, 8, 5 and 0 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia indicated 12, 10, 6 and 4 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 16, 14, 12 and 10 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The cold water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 10, 8, and 5 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively. It has been observed that Tinospora cordifolia showed very promising results as indicated by the zone of inhibition of bacterial culture through agar well diffusion method that varies from few mm to few cm. This study indicates the in-vitro antibacterial effect of Giloy which needs further validation through in-vivo studies.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis, Antimicrobial, insecticidal and antiradical activity of Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Prashith Kekuda TR ◽  
Dunkana Negussa Kenie ◽  
Chetan DM ◽  
Raghavendra L Hallur
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bioactive Agents

<p><strong>Objectives</strong>: The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial, insecticidal and radical scavenging activity of leaf extract of <em>Hydnocarpus pentandra</em> (Buch.-Ham.) Oken belonging to the family Achariaceae.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Extraction process of shade dried and powdered leaf was carried out by maceration technique. Extract was screened for phytochemicals by standard tests. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaf extract was determined by Agar well diffusion and Poisoned food technique respectively. Antiradical activity of leaf extract was evaluated by two in vitro assays namely 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Insecticidal activity of leaf extract was determined against II instar and IV instar larvae of <em>Aedes aegypti</em>.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenes and steroids in the leaf extract. Leaf extract exhibited marked inhibitory activity against Gram positive bacteria when compared to Gram negative bacteria. <em>Bacillus cereus</em> (zone of inhibition 1.86±0.05cm) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (zone of inhibition 1.06±0.05cm) were inhibited to highest and least extent respectively. Extract was effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of seed-borne fungi. Among fungi, the susceptibility to extract was in the order: <em>Curvularia</em> sp. (53.64% inhibition) &gt; <em>Fusarium</em> sp. (45.81% inhibition) &gt; <em>Alternaria</em> sp. (35.08% inhibition). The extract exhibited concentration dependent larvicidal activity with marked activity being observed against II instar larvae (LC<sub>50</sub> value 0.79mg/ml) when compared to IV instar larvae (LC<sub>50</sub> value 1.37mg/ml). Leaf extract scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals dose dependently with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 13.91µg/ml and 6.03µg/ml respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The plant is shown to be an important source of bioactive agents. The observed bioactivities could be attributed to the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract. Further studies on characterization and bioactivity determination of isolated components from leaf extract are to be carried out.</p>

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Ethanolic Seed Extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum (African Star Apple)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 05-09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Oputah ◽  
Kolawole O. Ajanaku ◽  
Raphael C. Mordi ◽  
Joseph A. O. Olugbuyiro ◽  
Shade J. Olorunshola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Seed Extracts ◽  
African Star Apple

Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of ethanolic extract of the seeds of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) were investigated. The phytochemical result revealed the presence of saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, quinones, cardiac glycosides, fatty acids and terpenoids. The antibacterial activity was studied using agar well diffusion method at different concentrations against six pathogenic bacterial strains, three Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus varians and Bacillus cereus) and three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris). Significant inhibitory activities were exhibited by the ethanolic seed extracts for all test organisms except Bacillus cereus. Zone of inhibition of the crude ethanolic extract was correlated with that of a standard antibiotic Gentamicin, for antibacterial activity. The results indicated a notable inhibition of the bacterial growth.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF STEMS OF THE PLANT TAGETES ERECTA L. (FAMILY-ASTERACEAE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Jafar Ali ◽  
Dibyendu Shil
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Tagetes Erecta L

Objective: To estimate the anti-microbial activity of ethanolic extract of Tagetes erecta L. (family-Asteraceae) in association with phytochemical analysis.Methods: The ethanolic extract of the stems of TageteseErecta L. was prepared and investigate for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of has been carried out against one Gram positive bacteria-Staphylococcus aureus and one Gram negative bacteria-Escherichia coli, and the antifungal activity of the plant extract was evaluated on Candida albicans species. The testing was done by the disc diffusion method to visualize the zone of inhibition of ethanolic extract was compared with that of standard drug i.e., Ciprofloxacin for anti-bacterial activity and Terbinafine for anti-fungal activity. The MIC was determined by the microdilution method (Cup-plate method).Results: The present investigation shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the stems of Tagetes erecta L. Various phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponin glycosides, flavonoids, phenol, proteins and amino acids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, tanin and phenolic compounds. The anti-microbial activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant showed significant results against all three of the test organisms in compare to the standard drugs.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of-of the stems of Tagetes erecta L. Proved the existence of phytochemical constituents. The ethanolic extract of the plant was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards and it can be useful for the development of the antibiotics.

Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activitiy of Leaf Extract of Justicia Adhatoda

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial Study ◽  
Antibacterial Screening ◽  
Justicia Adhatoda

Justicia Adhatoda is one of the medicinal plant native to Asia that is widely used in antidiabetic, anti inflammatory, antibacterial properties, treatment of cough and other respiratory ailments. In the present study, few steps procedure method was used to extract the major compound in the leaves.From the leaf extracts, phytochemical tests, measurement of antioxidant activity andantibacterial activities were studied. The results showed that the ethanol leaf extracts contains Phenols, Flavonoids, Tannis, Alkaloids and Saponins. The antioxidant activitywas evaluated in-vitro by radical scavenging DPPH, FRAP and H2O2 method and the disc diffusion method was employed for the antibacterial study on Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, E.coli using chloramphinicol antibiotic as standard. Antibacterial screening showed that the maximum zone of inhibition for ethanolic extract against E.Coli is around 1.35 cm.

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