Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Studies of Notonia grandiflora Wall

2021 ◽  
pp. 5335-5340
Author(s):  
Meera Paul ◽  
Sanilkumar R. ◽  
Sabu M.C
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Crude Drug ◽  
Succulent Plant ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Palisade Cells ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

Pharmacognostic evaluation is the first and foremost step to determine the identity and to assess the quality and purity of the crude drug. Notonia grandiflora is a perennial succulent plant, widely used in traditional medicinal system without standardisation. Notonia grandiflora has reported to possess various pharmacological activities such as analgesic and antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, and antipyretic. In the present study, pharmacognostic studies of root, stem, and leaf of Notonia grandiflora is carried out in order to standardize the plant. For standardization of plant material morphological and anatomical characterization was carried out. Physico-chemical parameters viz. ash content, extractive values, heavy metal content was carried out. Transverse section of Notonia grandiflora root shows periderm, cortex xylem parenchyma showing tracheids and phloem. Stem shows epidermis covered externally by cuticle, cortex, vascular bundles and pith. Calcium oxalate crystals, leaf and branch traces were also present in the cortical region of the stem. Leaf lamina showed palisade cells and spongy parenchyma in mesophyll region and anisocytic type of stomata. Powder characters and physico-chemical parameters such as moisture content, extractive values, ash content and heavy metal analysis were performed. The results of current study could be served as a diagnostic tool for the standardization of this medicinal plant and will be helpful in characterization of the crude drug.

Pharmacognostic studies of Flemingia vestita

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Wympher Langstang ◽  
Melvorene Kharsahnoh ◽  
Teilinda Khongwir ◽  
N Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Crude Drug ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Histological Parameter

Flemingia vestita (Family: Fabaceae), is a leguminous root crop commonly found in the northeastern region of India. The tubers are anthelmintic and eaten unpeeled by the natives against gastrointestinal worm infection. The present study deals with the pharmacognostic studies on the rhizome of crude drug F. vestita. Our preliminary phytochemical studies of the powdered rhizome revealed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, protein, amino ac-ids, phenol, tannic acid flavonoid, phytosterols, saponins, fat, oil, gum and mucilage. The physico-chemical, morphological, histological parameter may be proposed as parameters to establish the authencity of F. vestita.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Mokopane Area, Limpopo, South Africa

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Mmasabata Dolly Molekoa ◽  
Ram Avtar ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Huynh Vuong Thu Minh ◽  
Rajarshi Dasgupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical

Considering the well-documented impacts of land-use change on water resources and the rapid land-use conversions occurring throughout Africa, in this study, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of surface water quality and its relation with the land use and land cover (LULC) pattern in Mokopane, Limpopo province of South Africa. Various physico-chemical parameters were analyzed for surface water samples collected from five sampling locations from 2016 to 2020. Time-series analysis of key surface water quality parameters was performed to identify the essential hydrological processes governing water quality. The analyzed water quality data were also used to calculate the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and weighted water quality index (WQI). Also, the spatial trend of water quality is compared with LULC changes from 2015 to 2020. Results revealed that the concentration of most of the physico-chemical parameters in the water samples was beyond the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted permissible limit, except for a few parameters in some locations. Based on the calculated values of HPI and HEI, water quality samples were categorized as low to moderately polluted water bodies, whereas all water samples fell under the poor category (>100) and beyond based on the calculated WQI. Looking precisely at the water quality’s temporal trend, it is found that most of the sampling shows a deteriorating trend from 2016 to 2019. However, the year 2020 shows a slightly improving trend on water quality, which can be justified by lowering human activities during the lockdown period imposed by COVID-19. Land use has a significant relationship with surface water quality, and it was evident that built-up land had a more significant negative impact on water quality than the other land use classes. Both natural processes (rock weathering) and anthropogenic activities (wastewater discharge, industrial activities etc.) were found to be playing a vital role in water quality evolution. This study suggests that continuous assessment and monitoring of the spatial and temporal variability of water quality in Limpopo is important to control pollution and health safety in the future.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SEASONAL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF OGUTA LAKE, NIGERIA.

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3759-3764
Author(s):  
Ukiwe L.N ◽  
C.I.A Nwoko ◽  
U.U. Egereonu ◽  
S.N. Ukachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Dry Seasons

Seasonal variation of physico-chemical variables of Oguta Lake, Nigeria was studied. Results obtained using standard analytical methods indicated that in the rainy and dry seasons (July and August) and (October and November), 2014, iron (Fe; 1.401 mg/l in November) was the overall metal observed in the lake, while mercury (Hg) was not detected throughout the period of study. Heavy metals concentrations observed were higher (not significantly) during the dry than the rainy season. The values observed for dissolved oxygen (DO), biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD) were within WHO permissible limits. The above evidence revealed that there was signs of heavy metal (Fe) pollution of the lake, and steps must be taking for constant monitoring of anthropogenic inputs into the lake. 

EFFECT OF WASTE DUMPSITE ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF A SHALLOW AQUIFER IN PORT HARCOURT, SOUTH-EASTERN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Esonanjor E.E ◽  
Ohanuna C.
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Site Water

The study assessed the effect of waste dumpsites on groundwater quality of upper aquifers in Port Harcourt. Water samples were retrieved from hand-dug wells from a dumpsite and a control site and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters and heavy metal content. Results show that electrical conductivity of the dumpsite water samples was 42.06μS/cm while the control site water samples recorded 31.27μS/cm. Turbidity of the water samples ranged from 0.62NTU-0.65NTU. Total Dissolved Solids of the dumpsite water sample was 26.8mg/l while the TDS of the control site water sample was 33.70mg/l. The pH of water samples from both sites ranged from 5.46 -7.34. The pH of water samples from the dumpsite was slightly acidic (5.46). The average temperature of the water samples was approximately 28oC. Phosphate concentration of water samples ranged from 0.32 mg/l-0.54 mg/l while chloride levels ranged from 10.60mg/l-17.12 mg/l. All physico-chemical parameters and heavy metal content of the water samples all fell within the WHO and NSDWQ stipulated standards except for the lead concentration of the water sample retrieved from the dumpsite. The study also revealed that waste dumpsites did not alter the concentration of the measured physico-chemical properties and heavy metal concentration of water samples. However, the study recommended that periodic assessments of groundwater quality of waste dumpsites should be undertaken

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Leaf of Abutilon indicum (Linn.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guno Sindhu Chakraborthy
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Crude Drug ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Abutilon Indicum

Abutilon indicum (Linn) family (Malvaceae) commonly known as Atibala is used in our Traditional System of Medicine for healing various diseases. It is used in the treatment of piles, uterine discharge, febrifuge and in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. In the present investigation an attempt was made to study its Pharmacognostical features, including macroscopic, microscopic features, physico-chemical parameters, leaf constants and to investigated the phytochemical present in the extracts in the preliminary level. Thus it was thought worthwhile to explore the plant on the basis of its standardization parameters. The study will provide a referential information for the correct identification of the crude drug.

scholarly journals Studies on physico-chemical parameters of biscuits using wheat, sorghum and groundnut blend flour

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar Maurya ◽  
Devendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Sorghum Flour ◽  
Physico Chemical

Biscuits are feasible to provide complete enrichment and contain different amount of protein, fat, mineral, carbohydrate and calorific energy. Experiments were conducted to evaluate quality attributes of biscuits using wheat, sorghum and groundnut blend flour. Study was also conducted to see the effect of blend flours treatments on physico-chemical parameters. Flours blend were prepared with various combination of wheat, sorghum and groundnut as W80: S15: G05 (T1), W70: S20: G10 (T2) and W60: S25: G15 (T3). After preparation of biscuit physico-chemical properties viz., moisture content, fat content, ash content, protein content and carbohydrate content were evaluated just fresh and after 30, 60 and 90 days of storage period. The study revealed that the moisture content increased with the increase of storage period for all treatments. The value of moisture content 4.76 per cent was obtained maximum in the treatment T3 after 90 days of storage period. The ash content change with increase of storage period was slightly decreased in all treatments. The minimum ash content (0.88%) was found in the treatment T3 after 90 days storage period. The fat content of biscuits sample decreased with increase in storage period in case of all treatments. Data obtained for protein content after 30, 60, 90 days of storage indicated that in case of all samples, the value decreased for all treatments. Highest protein content (13.5%) was observed in treatment T3 for the fresh biscuits sample. Carbohydrate content was obtained minimum in T3 (64.27%) at 0 day (fresh) and maximum in T1 (66.48%) at 90 days. The average value was calculated for diameter and thickness as T1 (40 mm) and (0.9 mm), T2 (40 mm) and (0.9 mm), T3 (40 mm) and (0.8 mm), respectively. There were no changes in diameter and thickness in different treatment of biscuits because ingredients were same in all treatments. The result showed that spread ratio was observed as 44.44, 44.44 and 50 for treatments T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Fresh biscuit samples with wheat flour 70% + sorghum flour 20% + groundnut flour 10% (T2) rated highest score (7.8) than other treatments.

scholarly journals Assessment of physico-chemical parameters and trace heavy metal elements from different sources of water in and around institutional campus of Lumami, Nagaland University, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maqbul Hussain ◽  
Latonglila Jamir ◽  
Maibam Romeo Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Heavy Metal Elements

AbstractThe main emphasis of this study was to assess the status of drinking water quality from four different water sources available in and around an institutional campus of Lumami, Nagaland University, with special reference to the detection of trace heavy metal elements. The results of the physico-chemical parameters of the water show that values of DO, BOD5 and free CO2 at S3 are beyond the permissible limit set by WHO and BIS. The values of DO in all the three stations (S1, S2 and S4) are near the maximum permissible limit of drinking water, indicating the deterioration of water quality, whereas the rests of the parameters are below the permissible limit of WHO and BIS. The detection of Hg in all stations along with alarmingly high concentrations of Fe and others such as Cu, Zn, Mn and Se is perceived as a matter of concern. On the other hand, As and Pb were not detected in any station. The detection of Hg and Fe in all the four types of water sources is an indication of contaminant hazards and needs drinking water treatment practices in these areas which in turn have implications on human health.

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