An Overview on Dysmenorrhea

2021 ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Veena Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Emotional Pain ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Common Ailment ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Experience Pain

Every month, many women suffer from menstrual cramps, but few know what causes them, which is an issue in and of itself 1. Dysmenorrhea is the leading cause of chronic short-term school absences in teenage girls1,2,3,4,5 and a common issue in reproductive-age women5,6. In reality, it is estimated that each year, over 600 million hours of work are lost due to dysmenorrhea5. Dymenorrhea is a common ailment among women that can cause severe physical and emotional pain as well as life disturbance. Women, on the other hand, do not seek clinical help in order to relieve this condition7. Menstrual pain is referred to as dysmenorrhea. It is the most common menstrual condition among females. More than half of menstruating women experience pain for 1-2 days per month. For women of reproductive age, it is a very common and often disabling disease. In reproductive-age women, the prevalence ranges from 16 to 91 percent8.

Dysmenorrhea : Alternative and Complementary Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 491-494
Author(s):  
Veena Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Emotional Suffering ◽  
School Absence ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Uterine Anomalies ◽  
Common Ailment

Dysmenorrhea is a common ailment among women that can cause substantial physical and emotional suffering as well as life disruption. Women, on the other hand, may not seek professional help in order to alleviate this ailment. It is usually primary (functional) in teens and young adults, and is linked with normal ovulatory cycles and no pelvic disease. Reproductive age. Pelvic abnormalities such as endometriosis or uterine anomalies are observed in about 10% of adolescents and young adults with severe dysmenorrhea symptoms. Dysmenorrhea is the most prevalent cause of recurring short-term school absence in adolescent girls and a common condition in reproductive-age women.

scholarly journals THE RISK FACTORS OF DYSMENORRHEA IN YOUNG WOMEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1170-1174
Author(s):  
Donata Saulė Vilšinskaitė ◽  
Greta Vaidokaitė ◽  
Žygimantas Mačys ◽  
Žana Bumbulienė
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Experience Pain

The Aim: To evaluate risk factors for dysmenorrhea in women of reproductive age and to review its characteristics. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was conducted among 354 women followed by a statistical analysis of the gathered data. Results: Among the interviewed women 84.2 % suffer from painful menstruations. Women under 25 years of age are more likely to experience pain, which reduces with age. Dysmenorrhea is more common among women whose menstrual cycles are irregular (92.5%) with a number of bleeding days 4–7 (90.7 %), though still occurring within the normal 21–35 days interval (87.6 %). Nulliparous women are more likely to experience menstrual pain (89.9 %). Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea depends on women’s age, length of menstrual bleeding, length of menstrual cycle and its regularity, age at menarche and parity, but does not depend on body mass index and smoking status.

scholarly journals Patterns and determinants of modern contraceptive discontinuation among women of reproductive age: Analysis of Kenya Demographic Health Surveys, 2003–2014

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241605
Author(s):  
Susan Ontiri ◽  
Vincent Were ◽  
Mark Kabue ◽  
Regien Biesma-Blanco ◽  
Jelle Stekelenburg
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Discontinuation Rate ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Contraceptive Discontinuation

Objectives This study aimed to examine patterns and determinants of modern contraceptive discontinuation among women in Kenya. Methods Secondary analysis was conducted using national representative Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys of 2003, 2008/9, and 2014. These household cross-sectional surveys targeted women of reproductive age from 15 to 49 years who had experienced an episode of modern contraceptive use within five years preceding the surveys from 2003 (n = 2686), 2008/9 (n = 2992), and 2014 (5919). The contraceptive discontinuation rate was defined as the number of episodes discontinued divided by the total number of episodes. Weighted descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression analysis, and Cox proportional hazards analysis were used to examine the determinants of contraceptive discontinuation. Results The 12-month contraceptive discontinuation rate for all methods declined from 37.5% in 2003 and 36.7% in 2008/9 to 30.5% in 2014. Consistently across the three surveys, intrauterine devices had the lowest 12-month discontinuation rate (6.4% in 2014) followed by implants (8.0%, in 2014). In 2014, higher rates were seen for pills (44.9%) and male condoms (42.9%). The determinants of contraceptive discontinuation among women of reproductive age in the 2003 survey included users of short-term contraception methods, specifically for those who used male condoms (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.13–5.11) and pills (HR = 2.68; 95CI = 1.79–4.00); and younger women aged 15–19 year (HR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.49–2.87) and 20–24 years (HR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.61–2.35). The trends in the most common reasons for discontinuation from 2003 to 2014 revealed an increase among those reporting side effects (p = 0.0002) and those wanting a more effective method (p<0.0001). A decrease was noted among those indicating method failure (p<0.0001) and husband disapproval (p<0.0001). Conclusions Family planning programs should focus on improving service quality to strengthen the continuation of contraceptive use among those in need. Women should be informed about potential side effects and reassured on health concerns, including being provided options for method switching. The health system should avail a wider range of contraceptive methods and ensure a constant supply of commodities for women to choose from. Short-term contraceptive method users and younger women may need greater support for continued use.

scholarly journals Response to short‐term folic acid intake in relation to the body composition of women of reproductive age

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Kojo Anderson ◽  
Vanessa R Silva ◽  
Richard D Lewis ◽  
Stephen Rathbun ◽  
Dorothy B Hausman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Folic Acid Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acid Intake

scholarly journals Designing a socio-normative intervention to reduce anemia in Odisha India: A formative research protocol

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Erica Sedlander ◽  
Rajiv N Rimal ◽  
Sameera A. Talegawkar ◽  
Hagere Yilma ◽  
Wolfgang Munar
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Formative Research ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Policy Dialogue ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: More than half of women of reproductive age in India are anemic. Anemia is associated with increased risk of preterm delivery, higher maternal mortality and contributes to fatigue, which affects women’s work productivity. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends daily oral iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements during pregnancy and weekly supplements for women of reproductive age. Government programs and global donors have distributed and promoted IFA supplements in India for over four decades. However, initial intake and compliance remain inadequate. Objectives: This protocol describes the formative research phase of a larger study, which will test, through a randomized controlled trial, the hypothesis that a social norms-based behavioral intervention in Odisha, India will improve uptake of IFA supplements and reduce anemia among reproductive age women as compared to usual care. The focus of this paper is on the formative research required to develop a sound intervention. We will examine socio-normative barriers to and facilitators of IFA supplement uptake. Methods and analysis: Based on the Theory of Normative Social Behavior, we will adopt a mixed-method, multilevel approach. We will collect data using focus groups, in-depth interviews, observations, Rapid Participatory Ethnographic Evaluation and Research (PEER) techniques, and perceptual mapping methods. Our sample includes reproductive age women (pregnant and not pregnant), their husbands, their mothers/in law and key stakeholders. After analyzing the results, we will hold a convening in India to collaboratively design the intervention. Following the intervention design, we will test components of the intervention, gather user feedback and tweak as necessary. Additionally, to improve adoption and sustainability of the intervention, we will conduct policy dialogue with stakeholders throughout the formative research. Impact: This study will contribute to the social norms and behavioral intervention research and inform policymakers about the value of adopting a socio-normative approach.

scholarly journals Obesity, fertility and pregnancy: can we intervene to improve outcomes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. R47-R55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M Reynolds ◽  
Adrienne Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Short Term

Rates of obesity among women of reproductive age have risen dramatically in recent decades. Obesity impacts on health of women across their reproductive lifespan with adverse effects on not only fertility and short-term complications of pregnancy, but also on longer term health outcomes for both women and their children. This places considerable burden and cost on health services. Here, we review the evidence linking maternal obesity to adverse fertility, pregnancy and longer term health outcomes for women and their children. We discuss the outcomes of recent lifestyle, pharmacological and surgical intervention studies. As many of these studies have not shown a significant improvement in clinical outcomes, we discuss the need for better study design in future trials.

scholarly journals Assessment of Micronutrient Situation among Reproductive-Age Women (15–49) and Under-Five Children in Sudan

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2784
Author(s):  
Eiman S. elkhalifahassan Swareldhab ◽  
Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh ◽  
Abdul Baseer Qureshi ◽  
Amira M. Elmunier Ali ◽  
Mohamed Abu-Manga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
The Status

Background: Micronutrient malnutrition is a form of undernutrition that causes diseases, and this is mainly due to insufficient intake of nutrients in daily foods. The status of micronutrients for people in Sudan remains scarce, and information is limited. The aim of this study is to highlight the status of micronutrients among women of reproductive age (15–49 years of age) and their children in Sudan. Methods: This manuscript is a quantitative descriptive study, based on the data from Sudan Micronutrient Survey (SMS); it is part of the second round of the Simple Spatial Survey Method (S3M II) in Sudan (a total of 93,882 households). Results: The level of consumption of vitamin A-rich foods was found to be moderate at 67.36% for reproductive-age women and low at 23.44% for under-five children. Similarly, consumption rate of vitamin B-rich foods among reproductive-age women was 62.13%, and low for children at 11.02%. The consumption of iron-, calcium-, and zinc-rich foods was moderate among women (66.75%, 47.69%, 69.72%, respectively) and very low in children (12.28%, 17.62%, 14.99%, respectively). The iron deficiency prevalence was 47% in non-pregnant women, 58% in pregnant women, and 54% in children. The prevalence of anemia was 30% in non-pregnant women, 37% in pregnant women, and 48% in children. Generally, urinary iodine concentration was inadequate in lactating and non-pregnant women as well as in pregnant women. Most indicators of micronutrients in Sudan for children and women of reproductive age were highly significant. Sudan needs more efforts to create an enabling environment through legislation, policies, and strategies to strengthen the nutrition-sensitive and specific interventions and improving status of micronutrients among women and children, focusing on food fortification, food supplements, and counseling on micronutrients intake for mothers during antenatal and postnatal services as well as raising community awareness.

scholarly journals The Influence of Vitamin E on Change Degrees of Dismenorhea in Midwifery Students of Muslim University of Indonesia

2018 ◽  
pp. 226-234
Author(s):  
Andi Masnilawati ◽  
Sundari Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Prostaglandin Biosynthesis

Dysmenorrhea or menstrual pain is the most common symptom in women of reproductive age. This condition is often associated with various other symptoms that occur before menstruation, such as headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal heartbeat, and sweating. Dysmenorrhea is associated with increased prostaglandin levels before menstruation. Vitamin E may reduce menstrual pain, through inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. The purpose of this research is to influence the effect of Vitamin E on the change of degrees of dysmenorrhea in the students of Prodi DIII Kebidanan UMI. The research used was experimental research with one group pretest posttest design with 29 research subjects. All subjects were assessed with NRS to assess the degree of dysmenorrhea. Giving Vitamin E 400 IU was given 3 consecutive days before the first menstruation in the second cycle. The results of this study showed that twenty students who experienced dysmenorrhea, after being given vitamin E, there were 82.75% of respondents experienced a decrease in the degree of dysmenorrhea. There was a significant influence on the degree of dysmenorrhea and after the administration of vitamin E dose of 400 IU in the students of Prodi DIII Midwifery UMI (p = 0,000).

scholarly journals Differences in the characteristics of long-term contraceptive device acceptors compared to short-term ones

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Frando Ghiffari Ekwanda ◽  
Uning Marlina ◽  
Nova Primadina
Keyword(s):  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Short Term

Introduction: Long-term contraception is expected to reduce the Total Fertility Rate. However, currently, the use of short-term contraception is more dominant than the long-term (4:1). The study aims to identify differences in the characteristics of sexually active women of reproductive age using long-term versus short-term contraception.

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