scholarly journals Examining the Long-Haul Relationship between Primary Education and Economic Growth: Evidence from Three Populous Nations

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rachna Tewari ◽  
Joey Mehlhorn ◽  
Scott D. Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Female Population ◽  
The World ◽  
The U.S

<p>The prominence of early education as a significant source of economic growth has long been an intriguing topic among economists. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between primary education and GDP as a measure of economic growth in China, India, and the U.S, the top three populous nations in the world, and to investigate for plausible reasons leading to the differences observed among the mentioned countries of study. Data derived from the Education Statistics of the World Bank from 1970-2012 were subject to the ordinary least square (OLS) estimation procedure, to obtain regression coefficients as a measure of influence of the study variables on economic growth. Results revealed that for all the three study countries characterized by high populations, an increase in the number of students enrolled in primary education positively impacted economic growth. Mortality rate, primary school graduation age population (female), population aged 0 to 14 as percentage of total population, and primary school enrollment ratio showed significant negative impacts on GDP. Marked differences were revealed for individual country regressions regarding the influence of the study variables on economic growth. Gender related differences in primary education graduating population can be attributed to varied differences in the cultural and social systems among the study countries. Both male and female primary education graduation age population showed no statistical significance on economic growth in the U.S, while for China and India the effects on economic growth were significant with clearly outlined gender related differences in primary education graduation age population. This study builds ground for further research on how the accumulation of human capital through education in these countries will impact the geographical concentration of global economic power in the future.</p>

Economic African Development in the Context of FinTech

2020 ◽  
pp. 273-289
Author(s):  
Youssra Ben Romdhane ◽  
Sahar Loukil ◽  
Souhaila Kammoun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Least Square ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Files

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the effect of FinTech and political incertitude on economic growth through a multiple regression. Thus, the authors employ the method of generalized least square (GLS) with panel data. The sample concerns 21 African countries during (2001-2014-2017). The authors use a wide range of measures from Global Findex Database 2017, the World Bank platform, the World Bank national accounts data, and the OECD National Accounts data files base in the context of Africa. Empirical results show that FinTech is a driver of economic growth unless it is actively used in a developed digital infrastructure. In fact, the authors prove that, when financial technologies are used in both transactions (receive and made digital payment), they significantly contribute to the economic cycle. Passive use like simple consumption actions are not a significant lever for the economy. The principal contribution is to highlight that the active use of financial innovations and not passive one and the developed digital infrastructure do promote economic growth in African countries.

scholarly journals The Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption on Sustainable Economic Development: Evidence from Emerging and Developing Economies

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mun Ahmed ◽  
Koji Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean

The objective of the paper is to figure out the nexus between renewable energy consumption and sustainable economic development for emerging and developing countries. In this paper, a panel of 30 emerging and developing countries is selected using the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank, Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index (RECAI) by Ernst and Young, and a random selection method based on the current trend of renewable energy consumption for five different regions of the world i.e., Asia, South-Asia, Latin America, Africa and the Caribbean. To achieve the objective, robust panel econometric models such as the Pesaran cross-section dependence (CD) test, second generation panel unit root test, e.g., cross-sectional augmented IPS test (CIPS) proposed by Pesran (2007), panel co-integration test, fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) are applied to check the cross-sectional dependence, heterogeneity and long-term relationship among variables. The panel is strongly balanced and the findings suggest a significant long-run relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth for selected South Asian, Asian and most of the African countries (Ghana, Tunisia, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Cameroon). But for the Latin American and the Caribbean countries, economic growth depends on non-renewable energy consumption. Renewable energy consumption in the selected countries of these two regions are still at the initial stage. In case of the renewable energy consumption and CO 2 emissions nexus, for selected South Asian, Asian, Latin American and African countries both GDP and non-renewable energy consumption cause the increase of CO 2 emissions. For the Caribbean countries only non-renewable energy consumption causes the increase of CO 2 emissions. An important finding regarding renewable energy consumption-economic growth nexus indicates the existence of bi-directional causality. This supports the existence of a feedback hypothesis for the emerging and developing economies. In the case of renewable energy consumption- CO 2 emissions nexus, there exists unidirectional causality. This supports the existence of the conservation hypothesis, where CO 2 emissions necessitates the renewable energy consumptions. Based on the findings, the study proposes possible policy options. The countries, who have passed the take-off stage of renewable energy consumption, can take advanced policy initiatives e.g., feed-in tariff, renewable portfolio standard and green certificate for long-term economic development. Other countries can undertake subsidy, low interest loan and market development to facilitate the renewable energy investments.

Girls' Education and its Economic Contribution to Less Developed Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 245-258
Author(s):  
Mahamadou Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Traditional Roles

This chapter examines girls' education in Niger, one of the Least Developed Counties (LDCs) located in West Africa with one of the lowest literacy rates in the world. Hence, primary education is compulsory. The education system is open equally to boys and girls; however, the facts are that, the girls have fewer opportunities for primary school to six grades. Gender traditional roles and economic factors are a great set back to the girls' education in the country. This chapter tries to investigate the complex relationships around the objectives and visions of parents and Government toward girls' education.

IMPACT OF CAPITAL MARKET REFORMS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: The Nigerian Experience

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
OKE MICHAEL OJO ◽  
ADEUSI S.O.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of capital market reforms on the Nigerian economic growth between 1981 and 2010. The prevailing challenges in the World financial markets; especially the capital market justifies the various forms of reforms going on around the World. The ordinary least square method of regression and the Johansen co-integration analysis were employed to analyse the secondary data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, the Nigeria Stock Exchange Fact book and the Nigeria Security and Exchange Commission Reports. The results show that capital reforms positively impact the economic growth. The study recommends among others that government should objectively evaluate enacted laws and reforms agenda in a manner that will enhance economic growth rather than considering political issues before embarking on reforms.

“Road to School: Primary School Participation in Korea, 1911–1960”

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 184-208
Author(s):  
Dae Hyung Woo ◽  
Howard Kahm
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Universal Primary Education ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
The Republic

This article situates South Korea’s economic success in the latter part of the 20th Century within the framework of the emergence of universal primary education. In particular, it examines the history of primary school enrollment in Korea from the onset of Japanese colonial rule in 1910 until the emergence of universal primary school education in the early 1960s. A high enrollment rate was unusual for countries that had an annual income similar to South Korea, which was about one hundred u.s. dollars per person in 1960. Although income was a factor in shaping the access of Koreans to primary education, especially in the colonial era, the authors conclude that it was only one and not the most important factor that determined this process. Other important issues that the article assesses are the Japanese colonial legacy, children’s access to schools, Korea’s Confucian legacy, industrialization, and land reform. Of these factors, the authors argue, the colonial legacy had a mixed impact on access to primary schools, while land reform played a significant role in influencing the movement toward universal primary education in the Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals Education and Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis of India and Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 64-77
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qasim Ali ◽  
Tariq Hussain ◽  
Khizra Rana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The World ◽  
Education In India ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Global World

Education is a fundamental foundation in the development of a nation. History reveals that success, honor and dignity become the pride of those nations who lead in education in the world. This study elaborates on the role of education in India and Sri Lanka's economic growth. Growth is 1981-2016. Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique is applied in this study. It is pragmatic that India focused more on Tertiary education and Sri Lanka concentrated on Primary education. Tertiary education has a major role in India's GDP growth, whereas, in Sri Lanka, Primary education has a robust role in economic growth. It is evident that India's number of research scholars and highly skilled persons netted good recognition and distinction in the global world. This is due to the focus on tertiary education.

scholarly journals Introduction To Social Norms That Is Implemented In The Process Of Greetings For Primary School Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Maryambibi Djumaniyazovna Abdullaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Social Research ◽  
International Study ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World

In this article, the issue of introducing social norms that should be followed in the process of greeting students in the primary education system of Uzbekistan is examined. The international study of the custom of greeting for all peoples and its importance in the world community, in particular, the peculiarities of this custom in the Uzbek nation, the state of scientific and social research will be analyzed. The topic will discuss verbal units of greeting, gestures, as well as prohibited situations in the process. In the process of harmonious teaching and upbringing, special attention is paid to the habit of greeting in primary school, so the importance of correct and timely formation of this habit is emphasized.

See No Evil

2020 ◽  
pp. 196-229
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Wilmarth Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Subprime Lending ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenging Environment ◽  
Consumer Advocates ◽  
The U.S

During the 2000s, universal banks originated and securitized trillions of dollars of toxic subprime loans and sold the resulting debt securities to investors around the world. Governments on both sides of the Atlantic encouraged universal banks to engage in high-risk lending and securitization. Universal banks enjoyed unrivaled influence, and government officials ignored warnings about the dangers of subprime lending from consumer advocates and academics who did not hold “mainstream” views. Policymakers in the U.S. and Europe recognized that many households were becoming more deeply indebted and were relying more heavily on home mortgages and other types of consumer credit to cover their living expenses. Officials tolerated those developments because they viewed housing construction and household consumption as the primary drivers of economic growth in an otherwise challenging environment. The decision by policymakers to rely on housing credit as the main stimulus for economic growth in a period of stagnant incomes had catastrophic results.

The U.S.-China Peace: Great Power Politics, Spheres of Influence, and the Peace of East Asia

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cold War ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Power Politics ◽  
The U.S

East Asia in the post–Cold War era has been the world's most peaceful region. Whereas since 1989 there have been major wars in Europe, South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, and significant and costly civil instability in Latin America, during this same period in East Asia there have been no wars and minimal domestic turbulence. Moreover, economic growth in East Asia has been faster than in any other region in the world. East Asia seems to be the major beneficiary of pax Americana.

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