Responses of Apple Plants to Drought Stress

In order to screen apple rootstocks for drought tolerance, two different drought levels moderate and severe stress, and a control were applied to apple cultivar Red Chief grafted onto M9 and MM106 rootstocks. Apple plants were subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 15 and 19 days in the greenhouse conditions, while the control treatment was continued watering. Data were recorded 15 (moderate drought stress) and 19 days (severe drought stress) after application of drought stress. At the end of the experiment, both rootstocks were significantly affected under drought conditions. Severe drought stress caused decrease in SPAD value in Red Chief grafted onto M9 and MM106 by 15.7 % and 11.1 %, respectively. Severe drought stress declined anthocyanin content in M9 and MM106 by 7.8 % and 28.4 %, respectively. Stomatal conductance was remarkably affected by drought stress. Effects of drought stress on plants depended on rootstocks, severity and duration of drought stress. As a result, the more invigorating rootstock MM106 was found more drought-tolerant when compared to M9 that is needed to be evaluated with more parameters.

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Enhancement of drought tolerance in diverse Vicia faba cultivars by inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under newly reclaimed soil conditions

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-02847-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elsayed Mansour ◽

Hany A. M. Mahgoub ◽

Samir A. Mahgoub ◽

El-Sayed E. A. El-Sobky ◽

Mohamed I. Abdul-Hamid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Drought Conditions ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Effects Of Drought

AbstractWater deficit has devastating impacts on legume production, particularly with the current abrupt climate changes in arid environments. The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an effective approach for producing natural nitrogen and attenuating the detrimental effects of drought stress. This study investigated the influence of inoculation with the PGPR Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae (USDA 2435) and Pseudomonas putida (RA MTCC5279) solely or in combination on the physio-biochemical and agronomic traits of five diverse Vicia faba cultivars under well-watered (100% crop evapotranspiration [ETc]), moderate drought (75% ETc), and severe drought (50% ETc) conditions in newly reclaimed poor-fertility sandy soil. Drought stress substantially reduced the expression of photosynthetic pigments and water relation parameters. In contrast, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoprotectants were considerably increased in plants under drought stress compared with those in well-watered plants. These adverse effects of drought stress reduced crop water productivity (CWP) and seed yield‐related traits. However, the application of PGPR, particularly a consortium of both strains, improved these parameters and increased seed yield and CWP. The evaluated cultivars displayed varied tolerance to drought stress: Giza-843 and Giza-716 had the highest tolerance under well-watered and moderate drought conditions, whereas Giza-843 and Sakha-4 were more tolerant under severe drought conditions. Thus, co-inoculation of drought-tolerant cultivars with R. leguminosarum and P. putida enhanced their tolerance and increased their yield and CWP under water-deficit stress conditions. This study showed for the first time that the combined use of R. leguminosarum and P. putida is a promising and ecofriendly strategy for increasing drought tolerance in legume crops.

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Effect of moderate and severe drought stress on the pre-anthesis development and yield formation of oats

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72417 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 379-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Peltonen-Sainio

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Developmental Rate ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Yield Formation

Greenhouse experiments were conducted at the University of Helsinki, Department of Crop Husbandry in 1989 and 1990 to provide information on the effects of drought stress on the developmental rate of the panicle, formation and abortion of florets, and formation of yield components in two oat cultivars, both adapted to the northern marginal growing conditions. Moderate water deficit and severe drought stress did not affect the developmental rate of the panicle, but the pre-anthesis and post-anthesis architecture changed considerably; leaves unrolled later, the number of green leaves was lower, the internodes lengthened less, and the inflorescence was shorter as a consequence of water deficit. Drought stress decreased the number of fertile florets in the panicle significantly, in the lower clusters of branches in particular. In the cultivar “Puhti”, 57 % of the fertile florets aborted as a consequence of moderate drought stress and 89 % as a result of severe drought stress when compared to well-watered individuals, while in “Virma”, a cultivar of significantly higher yield potential, 80 °lo and 90 % of the fertile florets wilted, respectively. In addition, water deficit caused considerable losses in all the morphological characteristics measured. Further implications of these results for yield formation are discussed.

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The effects of spraying methanol solution and drought stress on level of antioxidant enzyme activity, growth, biomass and yield of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.cv.COS16)

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v39i3.10752 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Nezam Armand ◽

Hamzeh Amiri ◽

Ahmad Ismaili

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽

Methanol Solution ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Moderate Drought

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of methanol solution spray treatment on growth, biomass, and functional properties of bean plant under drought stress. The experiment was set up as a fully-randomized design with three replications. The first factor was four concentration levels of spray solution (Control, 10, 20, and 30%) and the spray was applied three times during the plant growth season at 10-day intervals. The second factor was three levels of drought stress; severe drought stress (25% field capacity), moderate drought stress (75% field capacity), and non-stress (100% field capacity). Test results showed that under 20% of methanol and conditions of non-stress there was significant growth of protein content of root and leaf in comparison with the control. Antioxidant enzyme activity was not affected by application of methanol solution spray but leaf antioxidant enzymes activity declined. Under non-stress and methanol concentrations of 10 and 20%, results showed a significant increase in all morphological properties compared with the control treatment. Under conditions of severe and moderate drought stress, level of methanol solution spray did not mitigate the negative effects of drought stress on the studied properties.

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Role of Ascorbic acid, Glutathione and Proline Applied as Singly or in Sequence Combination in Improving Chickpea Plant through Physiological Change and Antioxidant Defense under Different Levels of Irrigation Intervals

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25071702 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 1702 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hossam S. El-Beltagi ◽

Heba I. Mohamed ◽

Mahmoud R. Sofy

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Chickpea Plant ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

Effects Of Drought

In recent years, the harmful effects of drought stress have been be mitigated by using bioactive compounds such as antioxidants and osmolytes. In this research, pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid, glutathione and proline on alleviating the harmful effect of drought stress in chickpea plants during season 2017. Chickpea plant seeds were soaked in ascorbic acid (0.75 mM), glutathione (0.75 mM), proline (0.75 mM) singly and/or in sequence combinations for 4 h and then planted in pots. The pots were irrigated with water after seven days (to serve as control), after 14 days (moderate drought stress) and after 28 days (severe drought stress). The sequence combination of antioxidants and proline under drought stress has not been studied yet. The results showed significantly decreased in plant growth, yielding characteristics, photosynthetic pigments and soluble protein content in response to moderate and severe drought stress. Moreover, treatment with antioxidants caused increment the antioxidant enzyme activity, non-enzymatic antioxidant (ascorbic acid and glutathione) contents and endogenous proline in stressed and unstressed plants. In conclusion, The sequence combination of antioxidants and proline caused improvement in plant growth under drought stress by up-regulating the antioxidant defense system and osmolyte synthesis.

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Investigation of growth analysis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars under drought stress

International Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12705 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 91-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seyed Mostafa Azimi ◽

Nasroallah Moradi Kor ◽

Madeh Ahmadi ◽

Morad Shaaban ◽

Zahra Rahmati Motlagh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

Irrigation Condition ◽

Final Yield ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

Short Time

A field experiment performed in order to evaluate the effects of drought stress on growth indices of chickpea cultivars. This experiment was performed in factorial using randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were drought stress treatment in in three levels consisting of no drought stress (control), moderate drought stress (irrigation at planting and early flowering) and severe drought stress (no irrigation) and cultivar treatment (three cultivars Azad, Grit and ILC482). Results showed that LAI, CGR, RGR and NAR reduced with increased in drought stress level. Also, LAR decreased after short time increasing. Non stress condition caused to improve growth stages and increase accumulation of dry matter and yield in chickpea. Maximum LAI, LAR and CGR obtaind at 56 days after sowing under non irrigation condition, but under complete irrigation they were observed at 77 days after sowing. RGR and NAR reduced with increasing the age of the plant. Thus we concluded that drought stress decreased growth of chickpea and final yield of it.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12705

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Changes in Growth and Photosynthetic Parameters and Medicinal Compounds in Eleutherococcus senticosus Harms under Drought Stress

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci14366-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (12) ◽

pp. 2202-2208 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mingyuan Xu ◽

Yingwei Wang ◽

Qianbo Wang ◽

Shenglei Guo ◽

Yang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Stress Group ◽

Eleutherococcus Senticosus ◽

Eleutheroside E ◽

Eleutheroside B ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

Effects Of Drought

In this investigation, changes in growth and photosynthetic parameters were used to explain the effects of drought stress on morphology and photosynthesis of Eleutherococcus senticosus. Liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectroscopy (MS) was used to determine the content of eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E, isofraxidin, hyperoside, rutin, and kaempferol under different drought stress conditions to explain the effects of drought stress on secondary metabolism of Eleuthero. Growth and photosynthetic physiological parameters showed that drought stress could inhibit the growth and photosynthesis of Eleuthero. The compounds studied showed the same cumulative trend in various organs of Eleuthero under different drought stress conditions, with the highest content in the moderate drought stress group and the lowest in the severe drought stress group. Among them, the content of eleutheroside B was found to be higher in the 5-year-old stem. The content of eleutheroside E was higher in the 3-year root. The content of isofraxidin was highest in the 5-year-old root. The content of hyperoside, rutin, and kaempferol were higher in the 3-year-old leaves. The results show that a wet soil environment was beneficial to growth and photosynthesis of Eleutherococcus senticosus, and moderate drought stress is conducive to the accumulation of its active ingredients.

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Drought resistance mechanisms of Phedimus aizoon L.

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93118-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuhang Liu ◽

Zhongqun He ◽

Yongdong Xie ◽

Lihong Su ◽

Ruijie Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Available Water Content ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

Leaf Anatomical Structure ◽

Physiological Indexes ◽

Mild Drought

AbstractPhedimus aizoon L. is a drought-resistant Chinese herbal medicine and vegetable. However, its drought tolerant limit and the mechanism of drought tolerance are unknown, which restricts the promotion of water-saving cultivation of Phedimus aizoon L. in arid areas. To solve the above problem, we carried out a 30-day-long drought stress experiment in pots that presented different soil water contents and were divided into four groups: control check, 75–80% of the maximum water-holding capacity (MWHC); mild drought, 55–60%; moderate drought, 40–45%; and severe drought, 20–25%. The dynamic changes in both plant physiological indexes from 10 to 30 days and leaf anatomical structure on the 30th day of stress were recorded. The results show that Phedimus aizoon L. grew normally under mild drought stress for 30 days, but the growth of the plants became inhibited after 20 days of severe drought and after 30 days of moderate drought. At the same time, Phedimus aizoon L. physiologically responded to cope with drought stress: the growth of the root system accelerated, the waxy layer of the leaves thickened, and the dark reactions of the plants transformed from those of the C3 cycle to CAM. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) continuously increased to alleviate the damage caused by drought stress. To ensure the relative stability of the osmotic potential, the contents of osmoregulatory substances such as proline, soluble sugars, soluble protein and trehalose increased correspondingly. Although Phedimus aizoon L. has strong drought stress resistance, our experimental results show that the soil available water content should not be less than 27% during cultivation.

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Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10020261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽

Milan Skalicky ◽

Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽

Md. Nazmul Hossain ◽

Zunaira Anwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Severe Drought ◽

New Information ◽

Effects Of Drought

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants’ ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm’s role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.

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Phedimus Aizoon L. Responds to Drought Stress: Growth, Physiological Changes and Mechanism of Drought Resistance

10.21203/rs.3.rs-132688/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuhang Liu ◽

Zhongqun He ◽

Yongdong Xie ◽

Lihong Su ◽

Ruijie Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Resistance ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Mda Content ◽

Maximum Water ◽

Mild Drought

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the growth, physiological changes and mechanism of drought resistance of Phedimus aizoon L. under different levels of water content .CK: 75% ~ 80% of the MWHC (maximum water holding capacity), Mild drought: 55% ~ 60%, Moderate drought: 40% ~ 45%, Severe drought: 20% ~ 25%.We observed that the plants grew normally in the first two treatments, even the mild drought promoted the growth of the roots. In the last two treatments, drought stress had a significant negative effect on plant growth, at the same time, Phedimus aizoon L. also made positive physiological response to cope with the drought: The aboveground part of the plant (leaf, plant height, stem diameter) was smaller, the waxy layer of the leaves was thickened, the stomata of the leaves were closed during the day, and only a few stomata were opened at night, which proved that the dark reaction cycle metabolism mode of the plant was transformed from C3 cycle to CAM pathway. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) was continuously increased to alleviate the damage caused by drought. To ensure the relative stability of osmotic potential, the contents of osmoregulation substances such as proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and trehalose increased correspondingly. But plants have limited regulatory power, with aggravation of drought stress degree and extension of stress time, the MDA content and electrolyte leakage of leaves increased continuously. Observed under electron microscope,the morphology of chloroplast and mitochondria changed and the membrane structure was destroyed. The plant's photosynthetic and respiratory mechanisms are destroyed and the plant gradually die.

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Effects of Drought and Rehydration on the Physiological Responses of Artemisia halodendron

Water ◽

10.3390/w11040793 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 793

Author(s):

Juanli Chen ◽

Xueyong Zhao ◽

Yaqiu Zhang ◽

Yuqiang Li ◽

Yongqing Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Membrane Permeability ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Native Plant ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

Artemisia Halodendron ◽

Effects Of Drought

Artemisia halodendron is a widely distributed native plant in China’s Horqin sandy land, but few studies have examined its physiological responses to drought and rehydration. To provide more information, we investigated the effects of drought and rehydration on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and physiological responses of A. halodendron to reveal the mechanisms responsible for A. halodendron’s tolerance of drought stress and the resulting ability to tolerate drought. We found that A. halodendron had strong drought resistance. Its chlorophyll content first increased and then decreased with prolonged drought. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv) and quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) decreased, and the membrane permeability and malondialdehyde increased. When plants were subjected to drought stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity degraded under severe drought, but the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and the contents of soluble proteins, soluble sugars, and free proline increased. Severe drought caused wilting of A. halodendron leaves and the leaves failed to recover even after rehydration. After rehydration, the chlorophyll content, membrane permeability, SOD and CAT activities, and the contents of the three osmoregulatory substances under moderate drought began to recover. However, Fv, Fv/Fm, malondialdehyde, and POD activity did not recover under severe drought. These results illustrated that drought tolerance of A. halodendron resulted from increased enzyme (POD and CAT) activities and accumulation of osmoregulatory substances.

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