scholarly journals A Quasi-Global Mindset: Psychological and Structural Factors That Made Japanese MNCs Succeed in the West and Struggle in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Mindset ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Senior Executives ◽  
The West ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Eastern Cultures

The aim of this study is examining why many Japanese MNCs, which are embedded in Eastern cultures, were successful in the late 1970s and 1980s in Western markets, but have struggled in Eastern emerging markets such as China since the mid-2000s. The success of Japanese MNCs in Western developed countries, whose cultural, institutional, and business environments are very different from the Japanese market, suggests that Japanese managers were developing global mindsets. Thus, their recent struggle in China, which should have more commonalities with Japanese markets than Western markets, is a puzzle and should provide important implications for both researchers and practitioners. Based on the results of exploratory interviews with senior executives of ten large Japanese MNCs, we proposed the idea of a quasi-global mindset, which characterizes Japanese managers’ mindsets that are not truly global but are subjectively global. To the extent that managers erroneously believe they have a global mindset and that traditional organizational structures and systems block opportunities to recognize the problem, managers cannot understand the real problems and thus falsely attribute difficulties to the external environment. This study provides important implications to Japanese MNC managers as well as other MNC managers in terms of articulating the importance as well as the difficulties in obtaining true global mindset.

Delivering MBA Programs in Emerging Markets

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Jones
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Course Delivery ◽  
The West ◽  
Mba Programs ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Developed Countries

Increasingly, Western-style MBA programs are being delivered in emerging markets, as the developed countries become more and more saturated with MBAs and related offerings. This article, based on the global experience of the author in teaching and assessing MBA modules including thesis and dissertation research and writing, suggests approaches to coping with the special challenges faced in new markets for MBA delivery worldwide. The differences with typical experiences in the West are cultural, linguistic, behavioral and relate to learning styles, economic backgrounds, use of technology, and relationships with administrators, teachers and fellow-students. This article is based on the author’s experiences of MBA course delivery in China, the Arab World, Africa, Iran, Malaysia and Indonesia, Vietnam, Eastern Europe, former Russian states such as Kazakhstan, and South America, such as Peru and Suriname. Examples of specific MBA teaching and assessment challenges are provided, with possible solutions and approaches for coping.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL SHOCKS ON THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Tiunova
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
World Economy ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World

The article is devoted to the study of the degree of sensitivity of the Russian economy to exogenous shocks from the external environment. Indicators of the dynamics of foreign markets are changes in the global market of raw materials, financial markets of developed countries, and the propensity of foreign investors to risk. The topic of our study is relevant against the background of the current key risks for the world economy and financial system: uncertainty of the global energy market prospects due to the growth of oil production in the united States; normalization of monetary policy by developed countries, which in the future can provoke capital outflow from emerging markets; the threat of global protectionism. The article describes the potential consequences of these events for the world economy and financial system. The study uses statistical data on the real and financial sectors of the Russian economy, as well as foreign markets for the period 2002–2018. The parameters of external market conditions are world trade conditions, the volatility of the global stock and currency markets, the level of business activity in the Eurozone region, and the degree of risk and uncertainty in emerging markets. The research methodology is based on Bayesian structural vector autoregressions. The graphs of the impulse response function allow us to determine the direction of the key parameters of the Russian economy (industry, inflation, exchange rate, and sovereign risk premium) in response to changes in external environment. The contribution of external shocks to the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators is determined on the basis of the decomposition of the error variance of the model endogenous variables forecast. Our analysis confirmed the significant dependence between the dynamics of the key indicators of the Russian economy and the external markets. The author concludes that the inflation targeting regime and the policy of budget rules have a positive impact on the protection of the Russian economy from global risks.

Global E-Waste Management and Second-Hand Consumption in the Third World: Substandard Context and Tokunbo Phenomenon in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayokunle Olumuyiwa Omobowale
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
New Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
The West ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
The Third World ◽  
National Environmental

The world is technologically advancing, but the management of resultant waste, commonly known as e-waste, is also becoming very challenging. Of major concern is the incessant flow of this waste into the developing world where they assume secondhand value in spite of the associated environmental threats. This study adopts the qualitative approach to examine this phenomenon in Nigeria. The study reveals that aside from being cheaper than the new products, second-hand goods are usually preferred to the new products due to the substandard nature of most new electronics largely imported from Asia (especially China). The tag of Tokunbo or ‘imported from the West’ associated with second-hand goods imported from developed countries makes them more preferable to the public relative to new electronics imported from China, disparagingly termed Chinco. Yet both the second-hand electronics that are socially appreciated as Tokunbo and the substandard new electronics imported into Nigeria together render the country a huge recipient of goods that soon collapse and swell the e-waste heap in the country. This situation may be mitigated through strengthening the Standards Organisation of Nigeria and the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency, and also by sensitizing Nigerians on the dangers inherent in e-wastes.

Hierarchical Inconsistency: A Monitoring Mechanism to Reduce Securities Fraud in Emerging Markets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yidi Guo ◽  
Xiaowei Rose Luo ◽  
Danyang Li
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Securities Fraud ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Corporate Elite ◽  
Governance Effectiveness ◽  
Corporate Securities ◽  
Monitoring Mechanism ◽  
Weak Rule

Research has indicated limited effects of formal governance measures on securities fraud prevention in emerging markets due to the weak rule of law. We propose that hierarchical inconsistency, misaligned rank ordering in formal organizational and informal social hierarchies of the corporate elite, can provide a novel monitoring mechanism to reduce securities fraud. Leaders at the top of the two inconsistent hierarchies can feel distressed and motivated to engage in contestation and challenge each other’s authority, thus providing checks and balances and preventing groupthink. This monitoring effect is likely to be stronger when either of the two heads has dominant and unequivocal superiority in their respective hierarchy, making them particularly distressed by the hierarchical inconsistency and prone to contest. We test our argument in the context of publicly listed family-controlled firms in China, where business and family hierarchies may confer superiority to different individuals. Our study contributes to the corporate securities fraud literature by understanding how formal organizational structures and informal social relationships interact and jointly influence governance effectiveness in emerging markets.

Family Background and Psychiatric Disorders

1973 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. S. Marriott
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
The West ◽  
Parental Absence ◽  
Psychiatric Units ◽  
The University

The admissions to the Psychiatric Unit of the University Hospital of the West Indies during a 15-month period from September 1966 to January 1968 have been reviewed with special reference to family background. Despite cultural differences the pattern of admissions was very similar to that of psychiatric units in more highly developed countries. The various racial groups in the island were represented and included a high proportion of white alcoholics. Parental absence in childhood was largely related to social class but there was a definite association between parental absence in childhood and psychologically precipitated depression.

scholarly journals Impact of Ownership Structure on Bank Profitability in Nigeria

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
Uhomoibhi Aburime Toni
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Finance Theory ◽  
Political Economic

Ownership structure is considered an important factor that affects a firm’s health. If ownership structure affects a firm’s health, it is possible then to use the ownership structure to predict firm profitability. Against this backdrop, this paper analyzes the relationship between ownership structure and bank profitability in Nigeria. There are two motivations for this paper. Firstly, midway into the banks consolidation exercise in Nigeria, the CBN identified the need for a determination of the most appropriate composition of bank capitalization that would enhance the individual and systemic profitability and efficiency of banks in Nigeria post-consolidation. Hence, it decided to minimize state governments’ investment in banks during the exercise and also issued a December 2007 ultimatum to all tiers of governments that have stakes in banks to dilute their investments to a maximum of 10 per cent. Unfortunately, the CBN did not state any econometrically-based rationale giving credence to its directives. Secondly, the effect of ownership structure and concentration on a firm’s performance is an important issue in the literature of finance theory. However, no researcher has studied this important aspect of finance theory in the Nigerian context. It is worth noting that most research on ownership structure and firm performance has been dominated by studies conducted in developed countries. However, there is an increasing awareness that theories originating from developed countries such as the USA and the UK may have limited applicability to emerging markets. Emerging markets have different characteristics such as different political, economic and institutional conditions, which limit the application of developed markets’ empirical models.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment in the West African Region: Analyses on the Values of Inflow and Outflow

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p15
Author(s):  
Yeboah Evans ◽  
Yu Jing
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
West African ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
African Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
West African Region

With regards to the ongoing development in investment activities in the Economic Community of West African States(ECOWAS) and the entire African continent is because of institutional reforms and initiation of sound investment policies. Foreign direct investment(FDI) inflow and outflow severs as a source of capital formation for most developing and least developed countries. This paper provides an overview and analyses of the flow of FDI to the ECOWAS region by considering 16 nations under this region in determining their performance towards FDI attraction and their contribution to outward FDI across the globe by the use of the quantitative method. The outcome shows that there is a continuous decline in FDI inflow to the ECOWAS region over the past 10 years. The result also proves that Ghana and Nigeria are the major recipients of foreign direct investment inflows in the West African region. The result further indicates that Nigeria is the major contributor of outward FDI from the ECOWAS region. It is recommended that the region should increase its outward FDI.

scholarly journals Exploration and Analysis on Incidences of Covid-19 on the Senior Peoples and TCM Management-60 Clinical Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Dan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
The West ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Made In ◽  
Clinical Cases

Incidence and prevalence of infected Covid-19 are still rampant in the West and the most countries throughout world from 2020 to 2021. Although the incidence of infected Covid-19 in the developed countries has decreased down by the popular vaccination, it is still anxiety and worry to make more serious widespread from the variated coronavirus. It is a rigorous fact that there still are higher on the mortality to the seniors, special seniors who are resided at nursing homes. For seniors, the infected Coronavirus may product them a disastrous attack according to their pre-existing diseases, complication accompanied with Covid-19, and post-syndromes caused by Covid-19. Their Covid-19 may be more complex, more serious, harder to find a fast and effective therapies and easier to become to the post-syndromes which will make a bad influence to the quality of life in the rest of their life. TCM focuses to individual case, and pay attention more for their pre-existing diseases, complication with Covid-19, and possibility of post-syndrome’s production while some anti-coronavirus herbs are prescribed, so a more fixed prescription is made. In this clinical trial, the author classified 60 cases into two groups: over 45 years old as the observing group and under of 44 years old as the contrasted group, incidences on pre-existing diseases, complication and post-syndromes are observed separately; their results after treated by Chinese medical herbs are also observed. We recognize from these observation and analysis TCM treatment can significantly stabilized pre-existing diseases, treat complication together and prevent the post-syndromes’ occurrence while is treating to Coronavirus. TCM is a suitable treating choice to Senior with Covid-19.

scholarly journals Transnationalist Spirituality of Rabindranath Tagore

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ashim Dutta
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Spiritual Orientation ◽  
Rabindranath Tagore ◽  
Secular Humanism ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
The Social ◽  
Eastern Cultures ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Focusing on a selection of Rabindranath Tagore’s essays, lectures, and a few of his creative works, this essay draws attention to the spiritual orientation of Tagore’s transnationalism. In his vast and multifaceted writings, Tagore offers an alternative vision of transnational union of humanity, different from and often resistant to nationalist distributions of human relationship. Through close readings of Tagore’s works, this essay complicates Orientalist notions of the East-West polarities. While strongly opposing Western imperialist ideology, Tagore was always frank about his trust in and indebtedness to the liberal humanist values of the West. On the other hand, despite upholding Indian or Eastern spirituality, he was critically aware of the social and political crises of the contemporary East. A large volume of his works betrays his scepticism about any political solution to national and international problems. What he promotes is a spiritual concord of the best in Western and Eastern cultures, connecting the liberal humanist conscience of the West with the harmonizing, all-inclusive spiritual wisdom of the East. Neither completely secular nor thoroughly religious in an institutional sense, the transnationalist spirituality of Tagore bridges the gap between the secular humanism of Western modernity and the mystic–religious spirituality of Eastern antiquity, offering nuanced perspectives on both. </p>

STRATEGIES OF EMERGING COUNTRIES TO EXPAND THE OPERATIONS TO THE GLOBAL MARKET OF BIOPHARMACEUTICALS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (06) ◽  
pp. 07-18
Author(s):  
Ria Christine Siagian ◽  
◽  
Novilia Bachtiar ◽  
Prastuti Soewondo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Government Involvement ◽  
Political Economic

The past decade has seen an increasing number in production of newly-developed biopharmaceuticals, biosimilars and biobetters that can help contribute to improved global health. Global market growth in this industry was reported to increase and approach more than US$200 billion. As the industry matures, the growth is significantly higher in emerging markets than in developed countries. This shows a shift of biopharmaceuticals production outside of developed countries, thereby sending signals to emerg-ing countries the opportunity to become global leaders in new industries. This literature review seeks to identify the commercial levers in biopharmaceutical development in emerging countries. The study found that biopharmaceuticals industry was promising for emerging countries to compete in global mar-ket if it were supported by strong government involvement. This involvement revealed key strategies to improve poor pipeline productivity shaped by political, economic, technological and market fact.

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