scholarly journals Sero-prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in patients attending to Kassala Hospital, Kassala State 2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Azzam Afifi ◽  
Khadega suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Health Education Program ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Toxoplasmosis is intracellular pathogen, caused by the protozoan parasite, belong to the phylum Apicomplexa. The present research aimed to determine the sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among patients attending in Kassala hospital. Blood samples were collected in blood container by using sterile syringes (300), 5 ml of venous blood was drawn and required for the laboratory examination for Latex agglutination and ELISA techniques. high prevalence of T. gondii recorded (56.7%) for Latex Agglutination technique. Age-groups (18-40) showed higher rate of infection 62.2%. Statistical analysis verified no variation according to the gender and contact with cats (P > 0.05). high prevalence calculated, for those eating undercooked meat, drinking row milk, 67.1%, 65.5% respectively. Fainaly the present study recommended to Implantation of health education program, Toxoplasmosis should be checked before donating blood and Improvement of the standard of hygienic, sanitary and disease control.

scholarly journals Real-life isoniazid and rifampicin plasma concentrations in children: a tool for therapeutic drug monitoring of tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Tersigni ◽  
Giulia Boiardi ◽  
Lorenzo Tofani ◽  
Elisabetta Venturini ◽  
Carlotta Montagnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Drug Concentrations

Abstract Background Low plasma levels of first-line antitubercular drugs can be counted among the main causes of poor response to antitubercular therapy, and therapeutic drug monitoring has been proposed as a method to promote tailored treatments for both child and adult patients. The main aim of the study was to evaluate serum concentrations of isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) and to investigate reasons for sub-therapeutic plasma concentrations in order to fix dosages. Methods Children with TB were prospectively enrolled from January to August 2019. Two venous blood samples were collected (the first at least 15 days after the beginning of antitubercular treatment, and the second between 1 and 8 weeks later). Plasma concentrations were determined by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. Results In all, 45 children were included. Seventy blood samples for INH plasma concentration were collected between 120 and 240 min after drug intake. Adjusting for dose (mg/kg/day) and time of INH administration, when considering three different age groups (≤ 2 years, 2–12 years, > 12 years), a statistically significant lower INH plasma concentration was observed in younger children compared to the older age groups in the multivariate analysis (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). A total of 68 blood samples were evaluated for RIF concentrations. Both for INH and RIF a statistically significant lower plasma concentration was also observed in adolescents (p < 0.001). Fifteen children (15/45, 33%) presented drug concentrations under the referral therapeutic range. Conclusions Based on our findings, monitoring patients’ drug plasma concentrations in children under 2 years of age and in adolescents can make treatment more patient-tailored.

scholarly journals Results of a study of parvovirus B19 (Parvoviridae, Parvovirinae, Erythroparvovirus, Primate erythroparvovirus 1) prevalence and circulation activity in socially significant categories of the population

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
O. N. Nikishov ◽  
A. A. Kuzin ◽  
A. E. Zobov ◽  
I. N. Lavrentieva ◽  
A. Yu. Antipova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Previous Infection

Currently, along with the increasing need of medical organizations for blood preparations, algorithms for laboratory testing of blood donors are not available for all infections with hemo-contact mechanism of transmission. A representative example is infection caused by parvovirus В19. Purpose of the study. The article presents the results of the original study, the purpose of which was to study the prevalence of antibodies to parvovirus B19 and the activity of the circulation of this virus in socially important categories of the population. Material and methods. The materials of the study were blood samples from blood donors of Saint Petersburg, as well as parvovirus В19 sequences isolated from DNA-positive plasma samples. Results and discussion. According to the results of the laboratory examination, a high proportion of carriers of virus-specific IgG antibodies was found in studied group of donors, which confirms the previous infection of parvovirus B19 in them and illustrates the high prevalence of infection in this socially significant group. Based on the results of the blood preparations testing, the presence of parvovirus DNA В19 in a significant number of samples was determined by polymerase chain reaction method. This indicates an current parvovirus infection in the examined donors and points to a high epidemiological risk of the blood products obtained from them. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a fragment of the VP1 gene demonstrated that the studied isolates belonged to А1 genotype and its subtype 1А2, which correlates with the genotypes of parvovirus В19 circulating in the European Union and Asia. In addition, two previously unknown В19 parvovirus isolates were isolated, the nucleotide sequences of which were deposited into the international GenBank database. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it is justified to include testing of blood samples for markers of В19 parvovirus infection in existing algorithms of laboratory examination of donors, which will ensure prevention of hemo-contact infection of blood recipients with parvovirus В19.

scholarly journals Comparison of Erythrocyte Index Values of Venous and Capillary Blood

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Nining Wahyuni ◽  
Andika Aliviameita
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Examination Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

Erythrocyte index is a laboratory examination in establishing the diagnosis of anemia including MCV, MCH, and MCHC obtained from the calculation of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and the number of erythrocytes. This study aims to determine differences in the value of the erythrocyte index in venous and capillary blood. This research is an experimental laboratory study, the sample was examined at the Ar-Rahmah Tulangan Clinic in Sidoarjo in March 2020. The examination method used in this study was automatic. Blood samples were taken from 30 patients so that a total of 60 blood samples (30 venous blood and 30 capillary blood). The results of the examination with the Mann Withney test showed a significant difference in the value of MCV (p = 0.001) and MCH (p = 0.001) and there was no difference in the value of MCHC (p = 0.251).

scholarly journals Investigation of the role of stray cats for transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans and animals living in İzmir, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Muhammet Karakavuk ◽  
Hüseyin Can ◽  
Nebahat Selim ◽  
Berna Yeşilsiraz ◽  
Evren Atlı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
First Time

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that has a widespread distribution among mammalians and birds. One of the reasons for the high prevalence may be due to ingesting oocyst disseminated by stray cats’ feces. In Turkey, most of the citizens are closely associated with stray cats and they love to pet and feed them on the streets. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of T. gondii DNA in feces of stray cats living in İzmir, Turkey in order to identify the transmission potential to humans and other animals. Methodology: Feces and blood samples of 465 stray cats were investigated for the presence of T. gondii oocysts by microscopy and for the presence of T. gondii DNA by two real time PCR methods. Furthermore, serum samples were analyzed for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies using an ELISA. Results: Oocysts were detected in 0.43% of the stray cats by microscopy. T. gondii DNA was detected in 14.37% of the stray cats’ feces samples. The seroprevalence rate was 37.84%. In the feces and/or blood PCR positive group, 35.89% of them were seropositive. Among the 176 seropositive cats, T. gondii DNA was detected in feces of 27 cats (15.34%). Conclusions: This study first time showed the inter relation of T. gondii DNA in feces and blood samples and seropositivity. In sum, over 14% of the stray cats living outdoor may have an important role in transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans in İzmir as well as to other animals.

scholarly journals Influence of endogenous factors on glucose level in blood tests of patients of different age groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
D. P. Piskunov ◽  
L. A. Danilova ◽  
L. V. Borisova ◽  
A. S. Pushkin ◽  
T. A. Akhmedov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Relative Width ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Analytical Phase

Aim. Investigation of biochemical processes effect from cellular respiration on diagnostic information about level of glucose in venous blood.Materials and Methods. We examined 115 blood samples in Vacutainer-type tubes with coagulation activator from patients aged 21 to 90 years. Patients were treated in ophthalmological, therapeutic and surgical departments of hospital. We evaluated correlation dependence of hematological factors effect on changes in glucose level during storage of samples.Results. Three groups were ranked according to the size of each studied indicator. We have found effect of lymphocyte counts, eosinophils, platelets, as well as thrombocrit value, average platelet volume and relative width of platelet distribution by volume, age of patients on changes in glucose values for 24 and 48 hours of blood samples storage at a temperature of +4 °С.Conclusion. Endogenous factors of blood samples is the important elements of pre-analytical phase in validating the results of clinical laboratory tests.

Markers of Hemostatic Activation in Affected Coronary Arteries during Angioplasty

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 672-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas W Shammas ◽  
Michael J Cunningham ◽  
Richard M Pomearntz ◽  
Charles W Francis
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Balloon Inflation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hemostatic Markers ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
High Doses

SummaryTo characterize the extent of early activation of the hemostatic system following angioplasty, we obtained blood samples from the involved coronary artery of 11 stable angina patients during the procedure and measured sensitive markers of thrombin formation (fibrino-peptide A, prothrombin fragment 1.2, and soluble fibrin) and of platelet activation ((3-thromboglobulin). Levels of hemostatic markers in venous blood obtained from 14 young individuals with low pretest probability for coronary artery disease were not significantly different from levels in venous blood or intracoronary samples obtained prior to angioplasty. Also, there was no translesional (proximal and distal to the lesion) gradient in any of the hemostatic markers before or after angioplasty in samples obtained between 18 and 21 min from the onset of the first balloon inflation. Furthermore, no significant difference was noted between angioplasty and postangioplasty intracoronary concentrations. We conclude that intracoronary hemostatic activation does not occur in the majority of patients during and immediately following coronary angioplasty when high doses of heparin and aspirin are administered.

The Effect of Venous Occlusion on the Sequestration of Blood Platelets

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hladovec ◽  
Z Koleilat ◽  
I Přerovský
Keyword(s):  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Opposite Change

SummaryThe venous occlusion of all four legs in rats caused a highly significant decrease of platelet counts in venous blood especially after the correction for an opposite change in haematocrit. A very pronounced decrease in platelets was observed in human volunteers after a venostasis in one arm in the blood drawn from the occluded limb just before the release of occlusion. Similar decreases were found after a venostasis of both legs in postocclusion blood samples. The decrease in blood platelets results from temporary sequestration in the occluded limbs. The decreases of platelets after a 10 min occlusion of both legs are more pronounced in patients with post thrombotic states.

Arterio-Venous Differences in the Components of the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 032-037 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ogston ◽  
C. M Ogston ◽  
N. B Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Male Subjects

Summary1. The concentration of the major components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system was compared in venous and arterial blood samples from male subjects.2. The plasminogen activator concentration was higher in venous blood and the arterio-venous difference increased as its concentration rose, but the ratio of the arterial to venous level remained constant.3. No arterio-venous difference was found for anti-urokinase activity, antiplasmin, plasminogen and fibrinogen.4. It is concluded that venous blood determinations of the components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system reflect satisfactorily arterial blood levels.

ADRENAL 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID SECRETION IN THE DOG IN RESPONSE TO ETHANOL

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suzuki ◽  
R. Higashi ◽  
T. Hirose ◽  
H. Ikeda ◽  
K. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Conscious dogs were infused intravenously with ethanol in doses of 0.7 and 1.0 g/kg. The adrenal venous blood samples were collected before and after the infusion of ethanol and analysed for 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS). After the infusion of 0.7 g/kg (subanaesthetic dose) of ethanol the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion rate showed either a slight increase or no change. After the infusion of 1.0 g/kg (anaesthetic dose) of ethanol the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion rate increased markedly and reached 1.21±0.15 (mean±sem) μg/kg/min, while it was 0.09±0.023 μg/kg/min before the infusion.

A Cross Sectional Survey of Chicken Astroviruses Antibody in Broiler and Sonali (Cross-Bred) Chickens in Selected Areas in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Md Zulfekar Ali ◽  
Mohammad Moktader Moula ◽  
Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Javed
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group B

AbstractChicken astroviruses (CAstV) are enteric viruses of poultry causing gastroenteritis, malabsorption, gout and white chick disease commonly known as runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). It can affect the wide range of poultry birds, especially chicken, turkey and duck worldwide. To our best knowledge there is no published report on presence of antibodies against CAstV in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the presence of CAstV antibodies in broilers and sonali chickens (a cross-bread) in Bangladesh through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 454 blood samples from 66 flocks of broiler (n=343) and sonali chickens (n=111) of different ages were obtained during 2017 from four districts. The birds were healthy but were not vaccinated against CAstV. The samples were tested for specific antibodies against CAstV Group B by using commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, 16.74% (76/454) samples and 34.84% (23/66) flocks were positive for CAstV antibodies. The seroprevalence of CAstV was significantly (p=0.001) higher in sonali chickens (36.96%) than broiler (10.20%), while it was significantly higher (p=0.001) in birds of Bogura district (36.94%) than the other three districts. Regarding the age groups, seroprevalence was insignificantly (p=0.192) higher in sonali chicken before laying age (45%) than during laying age (27.45%). Regarding the seasons, CAstV infection was prevalent significantly (p=0.001) higher in winter season. Thus, the present study indicated the presence of CAstV in poultry in Bangladesh, so further studies are required to find out the magnitude of the problem in the country.

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