A review of treatment plans for the biological clock of astronauts: A systematic review

Since the start of civilization and even further back, humankind has been dreaming of flying. Recently, this dream has come true and reached beyond that and sends astronauts to outer space. However, by achieving this milestone, we encountered new problems that were new to humanity. One of the biggest problems is having a sleeping disorder and disruption of the biological clock. It is essential because having a sleep disorder makes astronauts unable to function at 100% capacity, and in outer space, it is dangerous. Some treatments for sleep disorders include drug therapy, such as Dexedrine, temazepam, modafinil, bupropion, melatonin, zolpidem, dextroamphetamine, light treatment, or a trickling sleep/wake schedule, according to NASA's guidelines. This study aimed to review the treatments for sleep disorders and disruption of the biological clock aimed at astronauts during space flights. We presented the different treatments and discussed and oriented the next prospect of research on sleep in space. Therefore, there will be guidelines for astronauts during their flights. Since the beginning of space travel, there have been many papers regarding space and weightlessness on the adverse effects on health. Studies have described the effect of space travel and the environment of microgravity on health. A few studies include both the short- and long-term effects of microgravity on the biological clock. With this new dawn and sending new astronauts to International Space Station (ISS) with NASA and SpaceX commercial Falcon 9 rocket, which opened a new horizon for spaceflights, it is even more important to consider the adverse effects microgravity on health. Purpose: This review aims to specifically analyze the biological clock, sleep deficiency, and circadian disorders. As we acknowledge, there is a sleep deficiency associated with complex microgravity environs and space missions before and after launch. Material and methods: Two researchers searched a thorough and detailed search of the PubMed database with the keywords mentioned below. The search was performed in November 2020 without any time limitations. We only included human studies and articles in the English language. Results: A total of 148 articles were found, and after going through titles, 77 articles were chosen for checking abstracts. Finally, only 12 manuscripts were accepted for data extraction. Conclusion: It is essential for health care involved in space travel providers to help pre-emptively identify problems that may prevent severe consequences during a microgravity environment. Sleep and circadian factors are the fundamental issues of human fatigue, and aviation schedules significantly impact both. We should admire a computerized fatigue model for having a better approach to studying the impact of scheduling.

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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People With Epilepsy. An Italian Survey and a Global Perspective

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2020.613719 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Barbara Mostacci ◽

Laura Licchetta ◽

Carlotta Cacciavillani ◽

Lidia Di Vito ◽

Lorenzo Ferri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disorders ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Access To Healthcare ◽

Global Perspective ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Telephone Consultation ◽

Limited Access ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Clinical Conditions ◽

The Impact

Objectives: We explored the impact of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) emergency on the health of people with epilepsy (PwE). We also investigated their attitude toward telemedicine.Methods: The PubMed database up to September 10, 2020 was searched for questionnaire-based studies conducted in PwE during the COVID-19 emergency, and the literature retrieved was reviewed. In addition, all patients who had a telephone consultation with our center between May 7 and July 31, 2020 were invited to fill in a 57-item online questionnaire focusing on epilepsy and comorbidities, any changes in lifestyle or clinical conditions and any emergency-related problems arising during the COVID-19 emergency, and their views on telemedicine. Associations between variables were detected through X2 test and Fisher's exact test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effects of different factors on clinical conditions.Results: Twelve studies met the literature search criteria. They showed that the rate of seizure worsening during the emergency ranged from 4 to 35% and was mainly correlated with epilepsy severity, sleep disturbances and COVID-19-related issues. Our questionnaire was filled in by 222 PwE or caregivers. One hundred (76.6%) reported unchanged clinical conditions, 25 (11.3%) an improvement, and 27 (12%) a deterioration. Reported clinical worsening was associated with a psychiatric condition and/or medication (OR = 12.59, p < 0.001), sleep disorders (OR = 8.41, p = 0.001), limited access to healthcare (OR = 4.71, p = 0.016), and experiencing seizures during the emergency (OR = 4.51, p = 0.007). Telemedicine was considered acceptable by 116 subjects (52.3%).Conclusions: Most PwE did not experience a significant change in their clinical conditions during the COVID-19 emergency. However, severity of epilepsy, concomitant disability, comorbid psychiatric conditions, sleep disorders and limited access to healthcare may affect their health.

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THE IMPACT OF SLEEP DISORDERS ON THE STATE OF PSYCHOEMOTIONAL SPHERE IN METABOLIC SYNDROME

The Journal of scientific articles Health and Education millennium ◽

10.26787/nydha-2226-7425-2017-19-2-11-14 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

N.S. Alekseeva ◽

◽

O.I. Salmina-Khvostova ◽

E.V. Beloborodova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

The State ◽

The Impact

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SUMBER-SUMBER RESILIENSI PADA REMAJA AKHIR YANG MENGALAMI KEKERASAN DARI ORANGTUA PADA MASA KANAK-KANAK

Psibernetika ◽

10.30813/psibernetika.v11i1.1161 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Devina Calista ◽

Garvin Garvin

Keyword(s):

Late Adolescents ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Parental Affection ◽

Resilience Factors ◽

Childhood Violence ◽

Past Experiences ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

Child abuse by parents is common in households. The impact of violence on children will bring short-term effects and long-term effects that can be attributed to their various emotional, behavioral and social problems in the future; especially in late adolescence that will enter adulthood. Resilience factors increase the likelihood that adolescents who are victims of childhood violence recover from their past experiences, become more powerful individuals and have a better life. The purpose of this study was to determine the source of resilience in late adolescents who experienced violence from parents in their childhood. This research uses qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews as a method of data collection. The result shows that the three research participants have the aspects of "I Have", "I Am", and "I Can"; a participant has "I Can" aspects as a source of resilience, and one other subject has no source of resilience. The study concluded that parental affection and acceptance of the past experience have role to the three sources of resilience (I Have, I Am, and I Can) Keyword : Resilience, adolescence, violence, parents

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Vitamin D and Sleep Regulation: Is there a Role for Vitamin D?

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200310145935 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (21) ◽

pp. 2492-2496 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fiammetta Romano ◽

Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽

Elea Di Benedetto ◽

Volha V. Zhukouskaya ◽

Luigi Barrea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Sleep Regulation ◽

Vitamin D Receptors ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

The Impact

Background: Vitamin D exerts multiple pleiotropic effects beyond its role in calcium-phosphate metabolism. Growing evidence suggests an association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep disorders, thus increasing the interest in the role of this vitamin in the regulatory mechanisms of the sleep-wake cycle. Objective: The study aimed to explore and summarize the current knowledge about the role of vitamin D in sleep regulation and the impact of vitamin D deficiency on sleep disorders. Methods: The main regulatory mechanisms of vitamin D on sleep are explained in this study. The literature was scanned to identify clinical trials and correlation studies showing an association between vitamin D deficiency and sleep disorders. Results: Vitamin D receptors and the enzymes that control their activation and degradation are expressed in several areas of the brain involved in sleep regulation. Vitamin D is also involved in the pathways of production of Melatonin, the hormone involved in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Furthermore, vitamin D can affect sleep indirectly through non-specific pain disorders, correlated with alterations in sleep quality, such as restless legs syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Conclusions: : Vitamin D has both a direct and an indirect role in the regulation of sleep. Although vitamin D deficiency has been associated to sleep disorders, there is still scant evidence to concretely support the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of sleep disturbances; indeed, more intervention studies are needed to better clarify these aspects.

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Cola Beverages: Clinical Uses versus Adverse Effects

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401313666170821130225 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 130-139

Author(s):

Ehsan T. Moghaddam ◽

Ali Tafazoli

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Health Risks ◽

Feeding Tube ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Healthcare Settings ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Excessive Consumption ◽

Points Of View ◽

Medical Articles

Background: Excessive consumption of cola beverages is accompanied by numerous public health risks. But besides these well-known adverse effects, recently, several medical articles have been published that show some indications for cola beverages in clinical practice like resolution of gastrointestinal or feeding tube obstructions, increasing bioavailability and palatability of other medications, rehydration and other uses in healthcare settings. These approaches are not without shortcomings and complications. Methods: In this systematic review we tried to explore these new uses for practitioners and also reemphasize on the most evidence-based complications of cola consumption like bone loss and metabolic and cardiovascular adverse effects in cases of misuse and overuse from both clinical and nutritional points of view via searching the PubMed database. Results: We chose 145 journal articles from the most relevant ones plus 30 extra references and categorized their topics in two classes of medical uses and adverse effects. Conclusion: It could be stated that cola beverages have demonstrated interesting uses and benefits in medicine but their use should be regulated as strict as possible.

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The Quantification of Structural Reforms in OECD Countries

10.1093/oso/9780198821878.003.0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Balázs Égert ◽

Peter Gal

Keyword(s):

Product Market ◽

Physical Capital ◽

Oecd Countries ◽

Market Regulation ◽

Structural Reforms ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Per Capita ◽

Product Market Regulation ◽

The Impact

This chapter describes and discusses a new supply-side framework that quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income in OECD countries. It presents the overall macroeconomic impacts of reforms by aggregating over the effects on physical capital, employment, and productivity through a production function. On the basis of reforms defined as observed changes in policies, the chapter finds that product market regulation has the largest overall single policy impact five years after the reforms. But the combined impact of all labour market policies is considerably larger than that of product market regulation. The paper also shows that policy impacts can differ at different horizons. The overall long-term effects on GDP per capita of policies transiting through capital deepening can be considerably larger than the five- to ten-year impacts. By contrast, the long-term impact of policies coming only via the employment rate channel materializes at a shorter horizon.

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Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health (CCREOH) Cohort Study: influences of complex environmental exposures on maternal and child health in Suriname

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034702 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e034702

Author(s):

Wilco Zijlmans ◽

Jeffrey Wickliffe ◽

Ashna Hindori-Mohangoo ◽

Sigrid MacDonald-Ottevanger ◽

Paul Ouboter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Occupational Health ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Fish Consumption ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Environmental Exposures ◽

International Standards ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

The Impact ◽

Environmental And Occupational Health

PurposeThe Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health prospective environmental epidemiologic cohort study addresses the impact of chemical and non-chemical environmental exposures on mother/child dyads in Suriname. The study determines associations between levels of environmental elements and toxicants in pregnant women, and birth outcomes and neurodevelopment in their children.ParticipantsPregnant women (N=1143) were enrolled from December 2016 to July 2019 from three regions of Suriname: Paramaribo (N=738), Nickerie (N=204) and the tropical rainforest interior (N=201). Infants (N=992) were enrolled at birth. Follow-up will take place until children are 48 months old.Findings to dateBiospecimens and questionnaire data on physiological and psychosocial health in pregnant women have been analysed. 39.1% had hair mercury (Hg) levels exceeding values considered safe by international standards. Median hair Hg concentrations in women from Paramaribo (N=522) were 0.64 µg/g hair (IQRs 0.36–1.09; range 0.00–7.12), from Nickerie (N=176) 0.73 µg/g (IQR 0.45–1.05; range 0.00–5.79) and the interior (N=178) 3.48 µg/g (IQR 1.92–7.39; range 0.38–18.20). 96.1% of women ate fish, respective consumption of the three most consumed carnivorous species, Hoplias aimara, Serrasalmus rhombeus and Cichla ocellaris, known to have high Hg levels, was 44.4%, 19.3% and 26.3%, respectively, and was greater among the interior subcohort. 89% frequently consumed the vegetable tannia, samples of which showed presence of worldwide banned pesticides. 24.9% of pregnant women had Edinburgh Depression Scale scores indicative of probable depression.Future plansFish consumption advisories are in development, especially relevant to interior women for whom fish consumption is likely to be the primary source of Hg exposure. Effects of potentially beneficial neuroprotective factors in fish that may counter neurotoxic effects of Hg are being examined. A pesticide literacy assessment in pregnant women is in progress. Neurodevelopmental assessments and telomere length measurements of the children to evaluate long-term effects of prenatal exposures to toxicant mixtures are ongoing.

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Comprehensive Overview of Sleep Disorders in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11020142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Oana-Mihaela Plotogea ◽

Madalina Ilie ◽

Simona Bungau ◽

Alexandru Laurentiu Chiotoroiu ◽

Ana Maria Alexandra Stanescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disorders ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Chronic Liver Diseases ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

The Usa ◽

The Impact ◽

Reliable Methods

The impact of sleep disorders (SDs) on patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) is tremendous. SDs are frequently encountered among these patients and interfere with their quality of life. This review aims to present the data available so far about the prevalence, phenotypes, and proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of SDs in CLD. Moreover, we proposed to search the literature regarding the most reliable methods to assess SDs and the possible therapeutic options in patients with CLD. The main results of this review show that when it comes to prevalence, the percentages reported vary widely between studies performed among populations from the USA or Europe and those coming from Asian countries. Furthermore, it has been proven that SDs may also be present in the absence of neurocognitive disorders attributable to hepatic encephalopathy (HE), which contradicts traditional suppositions where SDs were considered part of the clinical scenario of HE. Currently, there are no specific recommendations or protocols to assess SDs in CLD patients and data about the therapeutic management are limited. Taking into consideration their impact, a protocol for diagnosing and managing SDs should be developed and included in the daily practice of hepatologists.

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The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults with autism: a survey study across three countries

Molecular Autism ◽

10.1186/s13229-021-00424-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Danna Oomen ◽

Annabel D. Nijhof ◽

Jan R. Wiersema

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Life ◽

Social Stress ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Survey Study ◽

Specific Information ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Adults With Autism ◽

Psychological Burden ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Previous studies have reported a negative psychological and mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This impact is likely to be stronger for people with autism as they are at heightened risk of mental health problems and because the pandemic directly affects social functioning and everyday routines. We therefore examined COVID-19 pandemic-related changes in mental health, the impact of the pandemic on their social life and routines, satisfaction with pandemic-related information and tips, and participants’ wishes for guidance. Methods We used a mixed-method approach, collecting quantitative and qualitative survey data from adults with and without autism across three European countries: Belgium, the Netherlands, and the UK (N = 1044). Results We found an increase in depression and anxiety symptoms in response to the pandemic for both the non-autism and the autism group, which was greater for adults with autism. Furthermore, adults with autism showed a greater increase in worries about their pets, work, getting medication and food, and their own safety/security. They felt more relieved from social stress, yet experienced the loss of social contact as difficult. Adults with autism also felt more stressed about the loss of routines. Pleasant changes noted by adults with autism were the increase in solidarity and reduced sensory and social overload. Adults with autism frequently reported problems with cancellation of guidance due to the pandemic and expressed their wish for (more) autism-specific information and advice. Limitations Our sample is likely to reflect some degree of selection bias, and longitudinal studies are needed to determine long-term effects. Conclusions Results highlight the psychological burden of the pandemic on adults with autism and shed light on how to support them during this COVID-19 pandemic, which is especially important now that the pandemic is likely to have a prolonged course. There is a need for accessible, affordable (continued) support from health services. Guidance may focus on the maintenance of a social network, and adjusting routines to the rapid ongoing changes. Finally, we may learn from the COVID-19 pandemic-related changes experienced as pleasant by adults with autism to build a more autism-friendly society post-pandemic.

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Exploring the Relationship between Biologics and Postoperative Surgical Morbidity in Ulcerative Colitis: A Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10040710 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 710

Author(s):

Abel Botelho Quaresma ◽

Fernanda da Silva Barbosa Baraúna ◽

Fábio Vieira Teixeira ◽

Rogério Saad-Hossne ◽

Paulo Gustavo Kotze

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Postoperative Complications ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Qualitative Evaluation ◽

Complication Rates ◽

Surgical Morbidity ◽

Randomized Studies ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Background: With the paradigm shift related to the overspread use of biological agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), several questions emerged from the surgical perspective. Whether the use of biologicals would be associated with higher rates of postoperative complications in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients still remains controversial. Aims: We aimed to analyze the literature, searching for studies that correlated postoperative complications and preoperative exposure to biologics in UC patients, and synthesize these data qualitatively in order to check the possible impact of biologics on postoperative surgical morbidity in this population. Methods: Included studies were identified by electronic search in the PUBMED database according to the PRISMA (Preferred Items of Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The quality and bias assessments were performed by MINORS (methodological index for non-randomized studies) criteria for non-randomized studies. Results: 608 studies were initially identified, 22 of which were selected for qualitative evaluation. From those, 19 studies (17 retrospective and two prospective) included preoperative anti-TNF. Seven described an increased risk of postoperative complications, and 12 showed no significant increase postoperative morbidity. Only three studies included surgical UC patients with previous use of vedolizumab, two retrospective and one prospective, all with no significant correlation between the drug and an increase in postoperative complication rates. Conclusions: Despite conflicting results, most studies have not shown increased complication rates after abdominal surgical procedures in patients with UC with preoperative exposure to biologics. Further prospective studies are needed to better establish the impact of preoperative biologics and surgical complications in UC.

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