旅行，為了轉瞬即逝的希望：試析錢鍾書《圍城》中的旅行書寫

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 001-012
Author(s):  
蔣小虎 蔣小虎
Keyword(s):  
Travel Writing ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Chinese Intellectuals ◽  
Fortress Besieged

<p>錢鍾書的《圍城》因其獨具一格的行文、諷刺和暗喻而聞名於世，該小說對中日戰爭初期的中國文人進行了辛辣且幽默的嘲諷及批評。然而，截至目前，學界鮮少討論錢鍾書在《圍城》中的旅行書寫。傳統上，旅行往往被視為是一個文化影響、發現他者及自我的過程；極端情形下，旅行甚至是征服的開始。本文認為，錢鍾書通過旅行的情節，揭露了人性的黑暗面，例如自大、虛偽、貪婪和算計，而這些陰暗面的存在無關種族、性別、階級、教育或地區。《圍城》的男主角方鴻漸本就是一個自卑且悲觀的人，經過數次旅行之後&mdash;&mdash;從歐洲到上海、從上海到湖南、從湖南回到上海，他的這些性格特徵愈發明顯。他的一生是由一個接一個的圍城所構成，而從此圍城到彼圍城的旅途給了他短暫的可以喘息的時間和空間，這些旅行也給了他轉瞬即逝的虛假希望，那便是，他在下一站將迎來更好的機遇。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Famous for its masterful diction, satire, and metaphor, Qian Zhongshu’s Fortress Besieged is a sharp, humorous, and sarcastic criticism of Chinese intellectuals at the beginning of the Sino-Japanese War. Until recently, scant attention was paid to Qian’s travel writing in this novel. Travel is traditionally considered a process of cultural influence, the discovery of the other and the self or, radically, the beginning of conquest. This essay argues that Qian adopts the plot of travel to display a bleak picture of humanity, filled with pretentiousness, hypocrisy, greed, and manipulation, the existence of which is not impacted by race, gender, class, education, or region. For the novel’s protagonist Fang Hongjian, his habitual low-esteem and pessimism become more explicit after his several trips from Europe to Shanghai, from Shanghai to Hunan, and from Hunan back to Shanghai. His life consists of besieged fortresses one after another. The journey from here to there gives him temporary space and time for breathing, as well as a false and fleeting hope that he will have better chances in the next stop.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Fast Tracks and Inner Journeys: Crafting Portable Selves for Contemporary Careers

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianpiero Petriglieri ◽  
Jennifer Louise Petriglieri ◽  
Jack Denfeld Wood
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self In Relation ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mobile Working ◽  
Over Time

Through a longitudinal, qualitative study of 55 managers engaged in mobile careers across organizations, industries, and countries, and pursuing a one-year international master’s of business administration (MBA), we build a process model of the crafting of portable selves in temporary identity workspaces. Our findings reveal that contemporary careers in general, and temporary membership in an institution, fuel people’s efforts to craft portable selves: selves endowed with definitions, motives, and abilities that can be deployed across roles and organizations over time. Two pathways for crafting a portable self—one adaptive, the other exploratory—emerged from the interaction of individuals’ aims and concerns with institutional resources and demands. Each pathway involved developing a coherent understanding of the self in relation to others and to the institution that anchored participants to their current organization while preparing them for future ones. The study shows how institutions that host members temporarily can help them craft selves that afford a sense of agentic direction and enduring connection, tempering anxieties and bolstering hopes associated with mobile working lives. It also suggests that institutions serving as identity workspaces for portable selves may remain attractive and extend their cultural influence in an age of workforce mobility.

Perceiving and Remembering Affordances for Others Are Continuous Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Wagman ◽  
Brandon J. Thomas ◽  
Dawn M. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Continuous Processes ◽  
Space And Time

Abstract. In information-based approaches, affordances are perceived by detecting information that specifies an animal–environment fit, not by combining perceptions of constituent lower-order properties. Given that detection of such information necessarily occurs over space and time, there is no clear distinction between perception and memory. Rather, perceiving and remembering are continuous processes. Whereas previous research has investigated the continuity of perceived and remembered affordances for the self, we did so with respect to perceived and remembered affordances for others. Participants reported remembered maximum reaching height and remembered anthropometric properties of another person. Remembered maximum reaching height was not reducible to a combination of remembered anthropometric properties. Moreover, remembered maximum reaching height scaled to the reaching ability of the other person and not to that of the perceiver. Both results are consistent with an information-based perspective on perceiving and remembering affordances and demonstrate a continuity between perceiving and remembering affordances for others.

scholarly journals Writing Africa, Righting America: An Experience of Otherness in J. P. Clark’s America, Their America

Afrika Focus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-322
Author(s):  
Adewuyi Aremu Ayodeji
Keyword(s):  
Travel Writing ◽  
First Generation ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
African Culture ◽  
The Us

Abstract In this article, I examine one of the finest first-generation Nigerian writers, John Pepper Clark-Bekederemo, who passed away on 13 October 2020, and who has been categorised as a Eurocentric writer. By critiquing his America, Their America, this work investigates the authenticity of this perception of J. P. Clark as a Eurocentric Nigerian writer. By analysing his autobiography vis-à-vis the notion of the Self and the Other, a theoretical concern in contemporary travel writing, the researcher establishes that every culture has its positive and negative aspects. It must not feel too proud to change as time and situation demand. It is clear that Clark vehemently rejects the US claim of the sophistication and superiority of their culture over African culture. The paper concludes that contemporary travel writing should be a rightful site for negotiating cultural compromises between the Self and the Other, since the gap may be difficult to close altogether.

Metaphors the East Is Othered by: A Critical-cognitive Study of Metaphor in Lady Sheil’s Travelogue Glimpses of Life and Manners in Persia

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Ehsan Golahmar ◽  
Manoochehr Tavangar
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Travel Writing ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Poetics ◽  
Critical Metaphor Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cognitive Study

Regarding travel writing as the textual manifestation of the Self and the Other confrontation, travelogues provide interesting material for analyzing otherness discourse and various strategies of othering. Accordingly, this paper aims to study how metaphor functions as an othering device in travel writing. The travelogue which is the subject of this research is Glimpses of Life and Manners in Persia written by Lady Sheil in the mid-nineteenth century. The framework employed for analyzing metaphor in this text is Critical Metaphor Analysis which is amongst various approaches of cognitive poetics. The critical-cognitive analysis of metaphors in this travelogue implies that Sheil metaphorized Persia mainly as an Oriental Other which has a denigrated inferior position relative to the Occidental Self. In so doing, she has vastly used different stereotypical images of the East abundantly present in the Orientalist discourse. It can be argued that Orientalism as a discourse has exerted great influence on Sheil’s metaphorization of Persia as an Eastern Other via a number of conceptual metaphors which characterize the East as a unified object which has no diversity and should be studied by European scholars.

Imagining Space and Time in Kenneth Slessor’s “Dutch Seacoast” and Joan Blaeu’s Town Atlas of The Netherlands: Maps and Mapping in Kenneth Slessor’s Poetic Sequence The Atlas, Part Three

2014 ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Adele J. Haft
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Idealistic View

“Dutch Seacoast” by the acclaimed Australian poet Kenneth Slessor (1901–1971) is thecenterpiece of The Atlas the five-poem sequence opening his 1932 collection Cuckooz Contrey. Like the other four poems, “Dutch Seacoast” pays tribute to cartography’s “Golden Age,” Toonneel der Steden van de vereenighde Nederlanden being the poem’s epigraph and the title that Joan Blaeu gave to one of two volumes comprising his Town Atlas of the Netherlands (1649). While focusing on Blaeu’s exquisitely ordered map of Amsterdam, Slessor suggests that he is gazing at the map described by his poem and invites us to consider how poets and cartographers represent space and time.An intensely visual poet, Slessor was also attracted to lyrical descriptions of objects: his inspiration for “Dutch Seacoast” was a particularly poetic, but sparsely illustrated, catalogue of maps and atlases. After reprinting the poem and describing its reception, my paper traces the birth of “Dutch Seacoast” (and The Atlas generally) in Slessor’s poetry notebook, the evolution of the poem’s placement within the sequence, and the complex relationships between the poem, the catalogue, and Blaeu’s spectacular atlas. Comparing Blaeu’s idealistic view of Amsterdam with that city’s dominance during the Dutch“Golden Century,” Slessor’s darker obsessions with the poem’s ending, and his “other countries of the mind” with his native Australia, we come to understand why “Dutch Seacoast” remained for the self-deprecating poet one of his eight “least unsuccessful” poems.

scholarly journals Representasi Dalam Hikayat Siti Mariah Versi Surat Kabar Bintang Timur

ATAVISME ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
Dwi Susanto
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Human Relation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gender Relation ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Images

The HSM BT indicated of the Self and the Other relation that was complex. The complexity could be seen at the character of representation. The phenomenon of representation was showed within ambivalence, hybrid, floating of identity, and hazy. The play and strategy were done in orde to get space and free from shackling and shadows of colonial power and bias. Strategy and representation of story telling, narrator position, identity political, and gender relation was to the be way to reach and change colonial bias. This paper aims to expose the power and domination of colonial space and time. This paper also shows colonial zone. This paper used postcolonial paradigm in particular representation the Self and the Other. This paper had concluded that the power and shadows of colonial always get space and time at relation and aspect human relation, gender, images, identity, etc. Each of way to avoid colonial shadows and bias always followed by another colonial of ways. The tone heterogeneity and plurality were taken as tolls to repress and lie of freedom way the Other

Time and the Other in Nineteenth-Century German Travel Writing on Africa

Transfers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Tracey Reimann-Dawe
Keyword(s):  
Travel Writing ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
German Unification ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common

Between 1848 and 1914 a wave of German academic explorers traveled to Africa, enticed by the promise of geographical, anthropological and botanical discoveries. These Afrikareisende (African explorers) composed narrative accounts of their journeys, which at the time were the main channel for disseminating their experiences to the public. This article focuses on three works from the first three decades of German exploration of Africa prior to German unification in 1871. The common aim of scientific discovery unified Afrikareisende and their passage through foreign space. An inextricable feature of this scientific ideology is the connection to rational, linear time. This article demonstrates how the perception and relevance of time is employed to transfer knowledge of the Self and Other to a German readership. This knowledge reflects not only the explorers’ experience of their personal identity but also the tentative beginnings of a collective German identity as it is defined in colonial space.

scholarly journals Writing Africa, Righting America: An Experience of Otherness in J. P. Clark's America, their America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewuyi Ayodeji
Keyword(s):  
Travel Writing ◽  
First Generation ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
African Culture ◽  
Self And Other

Considered one of the finest first-generation Nigerian writers, John Pepper Clark-Bekederemo, who passed away on 13th October, 2020, had been categorised as a Eurocentric writer. This work assesses the authenticity or otherwise of this critics&rsquo; perception of Clark by critiquing his America, their America. By analysing this autobiography vis-&agrave;-vis the notion of self and other which is a theoretical concern in contemporary travel writing, it was established, among other things, that every culture has its dark sides which it must not feel too proud to change as time and situation demand; that Clark vehemently rejects the Americans&rsquo; claim of sophistication and superiority of their culture over African culture. The paper concludes that contemporary travel writing should be a rightful site for negotiating cultural, political and diplomatic compromises between the Self and the Other since the gulf may be difficult to close altogether.

A personal quest: Travel writing as self-exploration in Eddy L. Harris’s Native Stranger: A Blackamerican’s Journey into the Heart of Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicklas Hållén
Keyword(s):  
Travel Writing ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Consciousness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Narratives ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

In Native Stranger: A Blackamerican’s Journey into the Heart of Africa (1992), Eddy L. Harris explores what it means to be the person he is. What, if anything, connects him to Africa? What is the relation between the person he knows himself to be, and the person others see? Searching for answers to his questions, he finds himself caught between his attempts to remain open to new ways of seeing and understanding the world, on the one hand, and succumbing to the pressures of monolithic narratives about African otherness, race, belonging, roots and the past, on the other hand. This tension gives rise to an ambiguity and a number of contradictions which make the text fold back on itself. His literary project therefore ultimately serves to raise questions not only about his own identity and place in the world, but also about the conditions of writing about the self. Central among the contradictions that permeate the text is a doubling of epistemological perspectives, which can be described as an effect of what W. E. B. Dubois famously termed double-consciousness. While Harris is able to use the contradictions that arise from his writing to explore and represent the complexity of the questions that are foregrounded in his text, he is unable to answer them. His project is in other words a kind of failure, but as this article argues, this failure is the price that Harris pays to access the full complexity of selfhood, beyond political and social narratives about collective identity and how the present is shaped by the past.

scholarly journals Practicing Online Travel Writing. How My Blogging and Australia Met

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Calzati
Keyword(s):  
Travel Writing ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Online Travel

Travelling and writing, then, come to be two very complementary practices of discovery: cross-cultural (of the Other, encountered on the road) and gnoseological (of the Self, who takes the road). As a consequence, once we accept that travel writing stems from the interplay between travelling and writing as practices, then the pragmatic strength of this literary genre is brought to light. This article presents an intertwinement between practice and theory by alternating passages (translated into English) from the blog with an analysis of these same passages.

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