Factors influencing first remission and survival in 145 dogs with lymphoma: a retrospective study

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Baskin ◽  
CG Couto ◽  
TE Wittum
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
World Health ◽  
B Lymphoma ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
First Remission ◽  
Health Organization

Records of 145 dogs diagnosed with lymphoma were reviewed to evaluate for factors influencing duration of remission and survival. Dogs with histories of certain chronic inflammatory diseases were 3.23 times more likely to relapse (relative risk, 3.23) than the overall population. Dogs with World Health Organization (WHO) stage IV lymphoma or those treated with a protocol containing cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and sulfatrimethoprim (CHOP) had lower relative risks of relapse (0.32 and 0.085, respectively). Progressive disease after induction, gastrointestinal toxicity from induction, and clinical signs (i.e., substage b lymphoma) were associated with higher relative risks of death (3.5, 2.64, and 2.02, respectively).

scholarly journals Reevaluation of the University of Wisconsin 2-Year Protocol for Treating Canine Lymphosarcoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Inderbinen Kaiser ◽  
Janean L. Fidel ◽  
Malgorzata Roos ◽  
Barbara Kaser-Hotz
Keyword(s):  
Stage Iv ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Delays ◽  
Prior Therapy ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Chemotherapy Protocol ◽  
First Remission ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The University

This retrospective study investigated a population of 96 dogs with newly diagnosed malignant lymphosarcoma that were treated with the commonly used University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-M) chemotherapy protocol. Pretreatment characteristics were analyzed to determine prognostic factors. Dogs with higher World Health Organization (WHO) stages (including stage IV) and dogs with hypercalcemia were at significantly higher risk of relapse (P=0.018 and P=0.016, respectively). Dose reduction, treatment delays, and prior therapy with cortico-steroids were not associated with clinical outcome. First remission duration of 270 days was similar to historically reported data. Overall survival time of 218 days was much shorter than historical data.

scholarly journals Azithromycin Reduction to Reach Elimination of Trachoma (ARRET): study protocol for a cluster randomized trial of stopping mass azithromycin distribution for trachoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdou Amza ◽  
Boubacar Kadri ◽  
Beido Nassirou ◽  
Ahmed M. Arzika ◽  
Ariana Austin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cluster Randomized Trial ◽  
World Health ◽  
Baseline Assessment ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends annual mass azithromycin distribution until districts drop below 5% prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF). Districts with very low TF prevalence may have little or no transmission of the ocular strains of Chlamydia trachomatis that cause trachoma, and additional rounds of mass azithromycin distribution may not be useful. Here, we describe the protocol for a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate whether mass azithromycin distribution can be stopped prior to the current WHO guidelines. Methods The Azithromycin Reduction to Reach Elimination of Trachoma (ARRET) study is a 1:1 community randomized non-inferiority trial designed to evaluate whether mass azithromycin distribution can be stopped in districts with baseline prevalence of TF under 20%. Communities in Maradi, Niger are randomized after baseline assessment either to continued annual mass azithromycin distribution or stopping annual azithromycin distribution over a 3-year period. We will compare the prevalence of ocular C. trachomatis (primary outcome), TF and other clinical signs of trachoma, and serologic markers of trachoma after 3 years. We hypothesize that stopping annual azithromycin distribution will be non-inferior to continued annual azithromycin distributions for all markers of trachoma prevalence and transmission. Discussion The results of this trial are anticipated to provide potentially guideline-changing evidence for when mass azithromycin distributions can be stopped in low TF prevalence areas. Trial registration number This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04185402). Registered December 4, 2019; prospectively registered pre-results.

scholarly journals Two Live Attenuated Vaccines against Recent Low–and Highly Pathogenic H7N9 Influenza Viruses Are Safe and Immunogenic in Ferrets

Vaccines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Rudenko ◽  
Irina Kiseleva ◽  
Elena Krutikova ◽  
Ekaterina Stepanova ◽  
Irina Isakova-Sivak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Phase I Clinical Trial ◽  
World Health ◽  
Histological Data ◽  
Health Organization

Influenza H7N9 virus is a potentially pandemic subtype to which most people are immunologically naïve. To be better prepared for the potential occurrence of an H7N9 pandemic, in 2017 the World Health Organization recommended developing candidate vaccine viruses from two new H7N9 viruses, A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016 (A/GD) and A/Hong Kong/125/2017 (A/HK). This report describes the development of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) candidates against A/GD and A/HK viruses and study of their safety and immunogenicity in the ferret model in order to choose the most promising one for a phase I clinical trial. The A/HK-based vaccine candidate (A/17/HK) was developed by classical reassortment in eggs. The A/GD-based vaccine candidate (A/17/GD) was generated by reverse genetics. Ferrets were vaccinated with two doses of LAIV or phosphate-buffered saline. Both H7N9 LAIVs tested were safe for ferrets, as shown by absence of clinical signs, and by virological and histological data; they were immunogenic after a single vaccination. These results provide a compelling argument for further testing of these vaccines in volunteers. Since the A/HK virus represents the cluster that has caused the majority of human cases, and because the A/HK-based LAIV candidate was developed by classical reassortment, this is the preferred candidate for a phase I clinical trial.

scholarly journals Clinical signs of trachoma are prevalent among Solomon Islanders who have no persistent markers of prior infection with Chlamydia trachomatis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Robert Butcher ◽  
Oliver Sokana ◽  
Kelvin Jack ◽  
Leslie Sui ◽  
Charles Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The low population-prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis and high prevalence of trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) provide contradictory estimates of the magnitude of the public health threat from trachoma in the Solomon Islands. Improved characterisation of the biology of trachoma in the region may support policy makers as they decide what interventions are required. Here, age-specific profiles of anti-Pgp3 antibodies and conjunctival scarring were examined to determine whether there is evidence of ongoing transmission and pathology from ocular Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection. Methods: A total of 1511 individuals aged ≥1 year were enrolled from randomly selected households in 13 villages in which >10% of children aged 1–9 years had TF prior to a single round of azithromycin mass drug administration undertaken six months previously. Blood was collected to be screened for antibodies to the Ct antigen Pgp3. Tarsal conjunctival photographs were collected for analysis of scarring severity. Results: Anti-Pgp3 seropositivity was 18% in 1–9 year olds, sharply increasing around the age of sexual debut to reach 69% in those over 25 years. Anti-Pgp3 seropositivity did not increase significantly between the ages of 1–9 years and was not associated with TF (p=0.581) or scarring in children (p=0.472). Conjunctival scars were visible in 13.1% of photographs. Mild (p<0.0001) but not severe (p=0.149) scars increased in prevalence with age. Conclusions: Neither conjunctival scars nor lymphoid follicles were associated with antibodies to Ct, suggesting that they are unlikely to be a direct result of ocular Ct infection. Clinical signs of trachoma were prevalent in this population but were not indicative of the underlying rates of Ct infection. The current World Health Organization guidelines for trachoma elimination indicated that this population should receive intervention with mass distribution of antibiotics, but the data presented here suggest that this may not have been appropriate.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Model Cox Proportional Hazard pada Pasien Stroke RSD Balung Kabupaten Jember

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Tutik Qomaria ◽  
Mohamad Fatekurohman ◽  
Dian Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Health Organization

<p>According to the World Health Organization (WHO) cardiovascular disease is a disease caused by impaired heart and blood vessel function. There are many types of cardiovascular disease, but the most common and most well-known are coronary heart disease and stroke. Stroke is a syndrome characterized by symptoms and / or rapidly developing clinical signs in the form of focal and global brain functional disorders lasting more than 24 hours (unless there are surgical interventions or bringing death), which are not caused by other causes besides vascular causes. The number of stroke patients in Indonesia in 2013 based on the diagnosis of health personnel (Nakes) was 1.236.825 (7,0%), while based on the diagnosis of symptoms was 2.137.941 (12,1%). In this study the factors that can affect the survival of stroke sufferers were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model, the dependent variable was the length of time the patient was treated and the independent variables were gender, age, hypertension status, cholesterol status, Diabetes Militus (DM) status, stroke type, and Body Mass Index (BMI). The result showed that age, DM status, and type of stroke were the most influential factors on the survival of stroke patients at Balung Regional Hospital.</p><strong>Keywords : </strong>stroke disease, survival analysis, Cox proportional hazard model

scholarly journals The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) in Dentistry. Management of Biological Risk in Dental Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Lo Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus first identified in Wuhan, China, and the etiological agent of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). This infection spreads mainly through direct contact with Flügge micro droplets or core droplets that remain suspended as aerosol. Moreover, it has been reported that infected subjects, both with and without clinical signs of COVID-19, can transmit the virus. Since the infection typically enters through mouth, nose, and eyes, dentistry is one of the medical practices at highest risk of infection due to the frequent production of aerosol and the constant presence of saliva. The World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested that only emergency/urgent procedures should be performed during the coronavirus outbreak. Considering the virus’ route of transmission, a specific protocol should be applied to reduce the risk of infection in addition to measures that prevent the spread of infection from a patient to another person or medical tools and equipment (cross-infection). This protocol should be implemented by modifying both patient management and clinical practice, introducing particular devices and organizational practices. This paper aims to discuss and suggest the most appropriate procedures in every aspect of dental practice to reduce infection risk.

scholarly journals Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Could They Be Beneficial for the Treatment of COVID-19?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Giorgi ◽  
Silvia Cardarelli ◽  
Federica Ragusa ◽  
Michele Saliola ◽  
Stefano Biagioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pde Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Hydrolyzing Enzymes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Restrictive Measures

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection to be a pandemic disease. SARS-CoV2 was first identified in China and, despite the restrictive measures adopted, the epidemic has spread globally, becoming a pandemic in a very short time. Though there is growing knowledge of the SARS-CoV2 infection and its clinical manifestations, an effective cure to limit its acute symptoms and its severe complications has not yet been found. Given the worldwide health and economic emergency issues accompanying this pandemic, there is an absolute urgency to identify effective treatments and reduce the post infection outcomes. In this context, phosphodiesterases (PDEs), evolutionarily conserved cyclic nucleotide (cAMP/cGMP) hydrolyzing enzymes, could emerge as new potential targets. Given their extended distribution and modulating role in nearly all organs and cellular environments, a large number of drugs (PDE inhibitors) have been developed to control the specific functions of each PDE family. These PDE inhibitors have already been used in the treatment of pathologies that show clinical signs and symptoms completely or partially overlapping with post-COVID-19 conditions (e.g., thrombosis, inflammation, fibrosis), while new PDE-selective or pan-selective inhibitors are currently under study. This review discusses the state of the art of the different pathologies currently treated with phosphodiesterase inhibitors, highlighting the numerous similarities with the disorders linked to SARS-CoV2 infection, to support the hypothesis that PDE inhibitors, alone or in combination with other drugs, could be beneficial for the treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Microbiota Features Associated With a High-Fat/Low-Fiber Diet in Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Bailén ◽  
Carlo Bressa ◽  
Sara Martínez-López ◽  
Rocío González-Soltero ◽  
Maria Gregoria Montalvo Lominchar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
World Health ◽  
Early Predictors ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Health Organization

A high intake of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) is related to an increased risk of obesity, inflammation and cancer-related diseases, and this risk is attenuated only when SFAs are replaced by unsaturated fats and unrefined carbohydrates. The gut microbiota has recently emerged as a new environmental factor in the pathophysiology of these disorders, and is also one of the factors most influenced by diet. We sought to determine whether the gut microbiota of healthy individuals whose intake of SFAs exceeds World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations exhibits features similar to those reported in people with obesity, inflammation, cancer or metabolic disease. Healthy non-obese subjects were divided into two groups based on their SFAs intake. Body composition and gut microbiota composition were analyzed, and associations between bacterial taxa, diet and body fat composition were determined globally and separately by sex. Metagenome functional pathways were predicted by PICRUSt analysis. Subjects whose SFAs intake exceeded WHO recommendations also had a dietary pattern of low fiber intake. This high saturated fat/low fiber diet was associated with a greater sequence abundance of the Anaerotruncus genus, a butyrate producer associated with obesity. Analysis of data of high SFAs intake by sex showed that females presented with a greater abundance of Campylobacter, Blautia, Flavonifractor and Erysipelatoclostridium, whereas males showed higher levels of Anaerotruncus, Eisenbergiella, a genus from the order Clostridiales (FamilyXIIIUCG_001) and two genera from the Lachnospiraceae family. PICRUSt analysis confirmed these data, showing a correlation with a decrease in the abundance of sequences encoding for transporters of some metals such as iron, which is needed to maintain a healthy metabolism. Thus, the microbiota of healthy people on a high SFAs diet contain bacterial taxa (Anaerotruncus, Lachnospiraceae Flavonifractor, Campylobacter, Erysipelotrichacea and Eisenbergiella) that could be related to the development of some diseases, especially obesity and other pro-inflammatory diseases in women. In summary, the present study identifies bacterial taxa that could be considered as early predictors for the onset of different diseases in healthy subjects. Also, sex differences in gut microbiota suggest that women and men differentially benefit from following a specific diet.

Dementia 7. When dementia is diagnosed, supporting the person and family caregivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Linda Nazarko
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Learning Capacity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Person With Dementia ◽  
The Impact

The impact of a dementia diagnosis can be devastating to the person with dementia and his or her family. The person and their loved ones have been informed that the person has a progressive disease that affects memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement ( World Health Organization (WHO), 2017 ). It is often thought of as a diagnosis of despair; however, if managed well, the diagnosis is an opportunity to enable the person to experience the best possible quality of life and to inform the family of his or her wishes in relation to end-of-life care.

Front-Line Treatment of Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Docetaxel and Gemcitabine: A Multicenter Phase II Trial

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 914-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilis Georgoulias ◽  
Charalambos Kouroussis ◽  
Nikos Androulakis ◽  
Stelios Kakolyris ◽  
Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
World Health ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Health Organization

PURPOSE: To evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of the combination of docetaxel and gemcitabine in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-one chemotherapy-naive patients with NSCLC were treated with gemcitabine 900 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8 and docetaxel 100 mg/m2 intravenously on day 8 with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (150 μg/m2, subcutaneously) support from day 9 to day 15. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: The patients' median age was 64 years. The World Health Organization performance status was 0 to 1 in 39 patients and 2 in 12 patients. Fifteen patients (29%) had stage IIIB disease, and 36 (71%) had stage IV; histology was mainly squamous cell carcinoma (59%). A partial response was achieved in 19 patients (37.5%; 95% confidence interval, 24% to 50%); stable disease and progressive disease were each observed in 16 patients (31.4%). The median duration of response and the time to tumor progression were 5 and 6 months, respectively. The median survival was 13 months, and the actuarial 1-year survival was 50.7%. Grade 4 anemia and thrombocytopenia were rare (2%). Four patients (8%) developed grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, and all were complicated with fever; there was no treatment-related death. Grade 3 or 4 diarrhea occurred in three patients (6%), grade 2 or 3 neurotoxicity in four patients (8%), grade 2 or 3 asthenia in 10 patients (20%), and grade 2 or 3 edema in 10 patients (20%). CONCLUSION: The combination of docetaxel/gemcitabine is well tolerated, can be used for outpatients, and is active for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. This treatment merits further comparison with other cisplatin- or carboplatin-based combinations.

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