scholarly journals Evaluation of Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection and Their Sensitivity Pattern

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Swayambhu Shubham ◽  
Satyendra Narayan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Improper Use

Background: UTI constitute a major public health problem in India accounting 2nd most common infection next to respiratory tract infection. They are responsible for increasing treatment cost and significant morbidity.Aim:-To determine the incidence of UTI, evaluation of pathogens responsible and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in the population.Methods:Urine samples were collected from 300 patients attending the OPD Patna medical college, Patna during the period of 18 months (January 2017 to June 2018) Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done for the bacterial isolates present in the sample by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. Only those samples were taken into consideration which develops count equal to or greater than 1*105CFU/ml as indicated by Kass.Results:Out of 300 samples collected 146 (48.66%)) yielded bacterial growth. Out of 146 culture isolates E.Coli was the most common pathogen followed by klebsiella, CoNS and staphylococcus. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed on all the isolates. It was observed that highest sensitivity was 49.31% to amikacin, gentamycin (45.89%), nitrofurantoin (38.35%) meropenem (27.39%).Conclusions:It was observed that high grade of resistance to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, cefazolin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and gentamycin is present as a result of misuse or improper use of antibiotic in the community. Hence urine culture is necessary for the diagnostic screening of UTI before the treatment.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of salmonella typhi in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-418
Author(s):  
Md Khoyber Ali ◽  
Shahin Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Enteric fever is an important public health problem in developing countries including Bangladesh. A changing antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi and emergence of resistance has increased to a great concern. Objective: Aim of the study was to investigate the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi. Methods: A total of 181 Salmonella typhi samples from 5 to 15 years age group were collected from blood culture during the period of October to December 2014 from IBN SINA Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Specimens from the blood culture were identified by standard procedures as needed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to ‘The Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute’ guidelines. Results: Among the tested antibiotics, S. typhi was susceptible to ceftriaxone 100%, followed by cefixime and gentamicin 99.4%, ciprofloxacin 98.6%, cotrimoxazole 88.9%, azithromycin 88.4 % and least susceptible antibiotic was Ampicillin 62.5% and nalidixic acid 5%. Conclusion: The antimicrobial sensitivity testing showed that the Salmonella typhi were highly sensitive (>88%) to most of the drugs used in this study, whereas nalidixic acid showed only 5% sensitivity. So this study indicates that ceftriaxone, cefixime, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin can be used as a first line therapy and nalidixic acid should be avoided for treatment.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.416-418

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Microorganisms Isolated from Vaginal Infections at a Tertiary Hospital in Bangalore, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagalakshmi Narayana-Swamy ◽  
Padmasri Ramalingappa ◽  
Urvashi Bhatara
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: The vagina contains dozens of microbiological species in variable quantities and is, therefore, considered a complex environment. Among the microorganisms, bacteria have important repercussions on women’s health. The present study was conducted to elucidate this type of vaginal isolates and their sensitivity towards currently used antibiotics. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sapthagiri Hospital, Bangalore, India from January 2012 to December 2013. All symptomatic women who had a high vaginal swab taken for culture and sensitivity testing were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using disc diffusion method (modified Kirby-Bauer’s method). The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated microorganisms were studied. Results: Out of 200 patients, 95% had positive vaginal cultures. Fifteen types of microorganisms were isolated. The highest frequency of infection was seen at the age of 20-30 years, followed by 41-50 years and 31-40 years, and a low frequency of infection was observed above 50 years of age. The most prevalent pathogen was Escherichia coli, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae and diphtheroids with equal incidence. Among the antibiotics tested, isolated pathogens were completely resistant to nalidixic acid and highly sensitive to meropenem and imepenem. Conclusion: The high prevalence of gynaecological infections demands that patients with symptoms undergo thorough investigation with cultures and sensitivity essays. Changes in treatment protocols are required to treat vaginal infections effectively.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Rezina Parveen ◽  
Md. Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Ishrat Sharmin ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Ina Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Urinary tract infection is very common in both male and female.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolated from urinary tract infected patients.Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka for a period of 12 months. Clinically diagnosed cases of urinary tract infection irrespective of age and sex having pus cells ?5/HPF in the deposits of centrifuged urine were selected as study population. Data regarding organisms causing UTI and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns were collected. For urine culture the urine samples were inoculated on HiCrome UTI agar, CLED agar, 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey’s agar media with a calibrated loop having diameter of 1.45 mm which contains 0.001 ml of urine. The inoculation at 37o C for 24 hours and CFU count of 105/ml of urine were considered positive for UTI. Identification of bacteria was done by standard biochemical techniques and their distinct colony characteristics. All the isolated organisms were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity against different antimicrobial agents by disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar plates.Result: Diagnosis of bacteria causing UTI with their sensitivity to different antibiotics was performed with a total of 300 samples from both male (38.66%) and female (61.33%) of different age groups. Among 300 samples 107 strains were isolated. Out of 107 identified strains, 95(31.67%) samples showed single growth and 6(2%) samples showed mixed growth. Escherichia coli (64.49%) was found to be the predominant organism. Regarding antimicrobial sensitivity pattern Esch. coli showed 98.55 to 63.77% sensitivity to imipenem, amikacin, ceftazidime and nitrofurantoin. Other isolated organisms showed 50 to 100% sensitivity to ceftazidime, amikacin, imipenem except Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and enterococci spp. which showed 40% and less sensitivity.Conclusion: In conclusion Escherichia coli is the most commonly isolated bacteria which is highly sensitive to imipenem.Bangladesh J Infect Dis 2015;2(1):13-18

scholarly journals Is Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Enteric Fever Changing in Kathmandu Valley?

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Ganesh Kumar Rai ◽  
Subhana Karki ◽  
Bina Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Introduction: Enteric fever is a public health problem in developing countries including Nepal. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Salmonella sp causing enteric fever is changing over time and also differs according to geographical location. Periodic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella sp is mandatory for management of enteric fever rationally. The objective of this study was to analyze the resistance pattern of Salmonella sp to commonly used antimicrobials. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study undertaken reviewing the records of blood isolates of Salmonella sp over one year period at Kanti Children’s Hospital, Nepal. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done following Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion technique using Muller Hinton agar. Results: Salmonella typhi was found to be 100% resistance to ampicillin and resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was also high. The resistance to chloramphenicol and ofloxacin was low. No resistance was found to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and amikacin. However, among the sensitive isolates of Salmonella typhi intermediate sensitivity to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime was reported to be high. Among the isolates of S paratyphi A, the resistance to nalidixic acid was 100% followed by 75% to ciprofloxacin. No resistance was found to chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, cefixime, amikacin and low resistance to amoxicillin and ofloxacin. Among the sensitive isolates of S paratyphi A, majority of them were only moderately sensitive to cefotaxime and ceftazidime and about 1/3 of the organisms had only intermediate sensitivity to ceftriaxone. Conclusiion: Commonly used parenteral third generation cephalosporins, first line drugs like chloramphenicol and amoxicillin and ofloxacin among fluoroquinolones were found to be effective in vitro in treating enteric fever. However, Salmonella typhi was found to be highly resistant to the most frequently used drugs like ciprofloxacin and cefixime and Salmonella paratyphi A to ciprofloxacin. A comparative chart of antimicrobial sensitivity of enteric fever in children over 10 year period from different hospitals of Kathmandu valley is also presented in the study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i3.6625 J. Nepal Paediatr. SocVol.32(3) 2012 221-228

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infection among Patients Visiting Ganesh Man Singh Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Lalitpur, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Janak Raj Dhungana ◽  
Aruna Budhathoki ◽  
Goma Poudel ◽  
Jyotika Basnet ◽  
Ravi Shah
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among the suspected UTI cases visiting at Ganeshman Singh Memorial Hospital Lalitpur, Nepal. Methods: A total of 300 mid-stream urine, catheter and suprapubic aspirate from UTI suspected patients were included and processed for routine microscopy and culture and then identified by standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 300 samples, 55(84.6%) mid-stream urine and 10(15.4%) catheter sample had significant bacterial growth. E. coli (32,49.2%) was the most common isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (10,15.3%), Enterobacter spp. (8,12.3%), Klebsiella spp. (7,10.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3,4.6%), Proteus spp.  (3,4.6%), Acinetobacter spp. (1,1.5%) and Enterococcus spp. (1,1.5%). Most of the Gram-negative bacterial isolates were sensitive to Ceftriaxone (88.8%) followed by Gentamicin (72.2%), and Nitrofurantoin (64.8%) and resistant to Amoxicilin (68.5%) followed by Nalidixic Acid (53.7%). Gram positive isolates were sensitive to Amikacin (72.7%) followed by Imipenem (63.6%) and Gentamicin (63.6%) whereas resistant to Amoxycilin (72.7%) and Ciprofloxacin (63.63%). Conclusion: The main cause of the UTIs was found as Gram negative bacteria. Prescription of antibiotics based on susceptibility tests would help in reduction of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Salah Uddin Ahmmed ◽  
AKM Asaduzzaman ◽  
Basir Ahmed ◽  
Monsur Alam ◽  
Misbah AL Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
High Level

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the common diseases of the middle ear especially in developing countries. Early and effective treatment based on the knowledge of causative micro-organisms and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern ensures prompt clinical recovery and possible complications may be avoided. Objectives: This study was done to determine the pattern of bacterial isolates and to detect their antibiogram. Methods: A total of 103 patients clinically diagnosed of CSOM were enrolled in the study and the samples were obtained from each patient using sterile cotton swabs and cultured for bacterial isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolates were performed using Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Among the cases females were more affected than males. Out of the 103 cases, bacteriological investigation revealed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42 (44.68%) and Staphylococcus aureus 31(32.97%) were the predominant bacteria. Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime revealed high level of sensitivity whereas high resistance rates were observed for Amoxycillin, Gentamicin and Cephalexin. Conclusion: The study concluded that an appropriate knowledge of the etiological agents and antibacterial susceptibility of microorganisms would contribute to a rational use of antibiotics, success of treatment and reduce the complications of CSOM. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2016; 22(2): 90-95.

scholarly journals A study on clinical profile of typhoid fever in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Ranganatha A. Devaranavadagi ◽  
Srinivasa S.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi. It is a major public health problem in India. Typhoid fever is endemic in many developing countries. Wide variations in the clinical manifestations of typhoid fever make its diagnosis a challenging task. This study was conducted to understand the wide range of clinical manifestations, complications and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of typhoid fever in children.Methods:Prospectively, 113 children admitted in pediatric unit with confirmed Typhoid fever from September 2015 to December 2016 at KIMS hospital, Bangalore were included. In each case, age, sex, presenting complaint, laboratory investigations and antibiotic sensitivity pattern are collected and analysed.Results: Out of 113 cases, 72 cases (63.8.1%) were males, 41 cases (36.2%) were females. The most common age group was 5-10 years. The most common symptom was fever, seen in 100% cases, followed by anorexia (61%), vomiting (44%) and abdominal pain (18%). The most common sign observed was toxic look in 68% of the cases, followed by coated tongue in 49% and hepatomegaly in 44%. Leucocytopenia was found in 34% of cases. Eosinopenia was found in 39% of cases. Anaemia was found in 16% of cases. Thrombocytopenia was found in 15% of cases. Blood culture was positive in 20% of cases. Use of municipal water for drinking was found in 65% of cases. Outside eating was found in 40% of cases. Unhygienic practices were found in 64% of cases. Duration of hospital stay varied from 3-10 days. No mortality reported.Conclusions:Typhoid fever is most commonly observed with unhygienic practices and eating of unhealthy outside food. This major public health issue can be tackled by bringing awareness among people regarding disease transmission and its various preventive measures. 

scholarly journals The study of antibiotic-sensitivity and resistance pattern of bacteria causing catheter associated urinary tract infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3196
Author(s):  
Abha Singh ◽  
Avinashi Kujur ◽  
Muthu Lakshmi M. ◽  
Abha Daharwal
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
The Cost

Background: present study is done to study the antibiotic-sensitivity and resistance pattern of bacteria causing catheter associated urinary tract infection. Objectives of this study were to study the bacterial etiology of CAUTI, to study the prevalence of various bacteria causing catheter associated urinary tract infection, the antibiogram (sensitivity and resistance) pattern of isolated bacteria and the percentage of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the study population.Methods: In this prospective observational study, under aseptic precautions, urine sample was taken after 48 hours of catheterization and sent for culture and sensitivity pattern is studied.Results: In this study 500 urine samples were cultured and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern was observed. Out of the 53 culture positive samples most the subjects had asymptomatic bacteriuria. The study gave the incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) to be 10.6% and about 9% were polymicrobial. In this study about 7 causative bacteria were isolated. Escherichia coli were the most common organism that was isolated. On studying the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each isolate, it has been observed that all of them are multidrug resistant and the sensitivity pattern is migrating towards higher antibiotics.Conclusions: Empirical use of antibiotics must be avoided and antibiotics must be used only after sensitivity testing. This will help in selection of the appropriate antibiotic for therapeutic use and prevent indiscriminate and irrational use of antibiotics. This will also improve the cost efficiency and decrease the duration of hospital stay.

Spectrum of Aerobic Bacterial Pathogen isolated from Pus samples and their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Soni Soni ◽  
Anita Pandey ◽  
Kalpana Chauhan ◽  
Deepali Saini
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
High Level ◽  
Culture Positive

Background:Wound infection continues to be a significant problem in clinical practice where empirical treatment of infection is required while waiting for culture report to prevent emergence of resistance. Objectives:To study the spectrum of aerobic bacterial pathogen isolated from pus samples and to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the bacteria isolated. Method: The samples of pusreceived in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory were processed during the study period to isolate and identify bacterial pathogens as per standard bacteriologicaltechniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines 2017. Result:Out of the total of 1474pus samples processed, 21.98% samples were culture positive. Majority of culture positive samples were from IPD patients.Predominance of gram negative bacteria (77.4%) was seen as compared to gram positive bacteria (22.60%) both in IPD and OPD samples. High level of resistance to various antimicrobials was seen among the clinical isolates. Conclusion: Emergence of antibiotic resistant strains in pus sample is a matter of concern. Therefore, knowledge of the spectrum of microorganisms causing pus discharge and its susceptibility pattern is required and this data may contribute to an effective management of cases of wound infection

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Colonisation of Intravenous Cannula and Antimicrobial Patterns of Isolated Staphylococcus Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
R Mahto ◽  
J Amatya ◽  
R Amatya ◽  
D Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Intravenous Cannula ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Slide Test ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Cannula-related infections are amongst the most important nosocomial infections. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS) are the most frequent causes of colonizing the intravenous cannula through which infection may occur. The aim of the study was to isolate the colonized staphylococci and to study the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern against them. Cultures of cannula tips were raised by semi-quantitative method. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per The Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus was confirmed by coagulase slide test followed by tube test. CONS were distinguished by novobiocin sensitivity test. Out of 200 samples of cannula tips collected and processed, 45 (22.5%) isolates were S. aureus, 15 (7.5%) were S. epidermidis and 16 (8%) were other CONS. The highest occurance (30.7%) of S. aureus and the CONS (18.4%) was found in the nephrology ward and the surgical ward respectively. All the 76 isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Novobiocin was used to differentiate S. epidermidis from other CONS. All isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and ofloxacin. Out of total, 46.7% isolates of S. aureus and 12.9% isolates of CONS were multidrug resistant; 35.5% and 20 % isolates of S. aureus were oxacillin (methicillin) resistant and vancomycin resistant respectively. Four (12.9%) isolates of CONS [2(13.3%) of other CONS and 2(12.5%) of S. epidermidis] were oxacillin (methicillin) and vancomycin resistant. In our study, vancomycin resistant staphylococci were found and it was concluded that the precautions for inserting intravenous cannula is necessary as different kinds of pathogens may colonize such devices. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10426   Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 131-136

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document