To Assess the Renal Functions and Common Risk Factors of its Impairment in A Group of General Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3017-3019
Author(s):  
Rehma Dar ◽  
Lubna Shaheen ◽  
Iqra Masood
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Renal Function Tests

Background: In Pakistan more than 25 million people are suffering from kidney diseases. Kidney damage can be detected at earlier stage by simple laboratory tests like renal function tests, proteinuria and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Objective: To assess renal functions and common risk factors of its impairment in a group of general population on world kidney day 2018. Materials and Methods: It is a descriptive study conducted in Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Mayo Hospital/ King Edward Medical University (KEMU), Lahore It was carried out on 158 Healthy subjects without history of renal disease. All collected data was entered and analyzed by using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 20). Results: 85(54%) were males and 73(46%) females. Mean + SD age was 44.3 ±13.9 years. 50(32%) were hypertensive, 30(19%) were hyperglycemic, 28(18%) had proteinuria, 30(19%) had Hyperuricemia and 18(12%) had increased creatinine levels. Mean ± SD glucose, creatinine and uric acid levels were 130± 30, 1.2± 0.7 and 4.5± 1.3 mg/dl respectively. Conclusion: Screening of subjects without renal known disease with diagnosed hypertension, diabetes or hyperuricemia as risk factors for CKD is required. 18 undiagnosed cases of CKD were identified in this survey. Keywords: risk factors, CKD, Renal function test.

scholarly journals Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with obesity: a nationwide study in Sweden

BMC Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Lindberg ◽  
Emilia Hagman ◽  
Pernilla Danielsson ◽  
Claude Marcus ◽  
Martina Persson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
General Population ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Obesity Treatment ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background Anxiety and depression are more common in children with obesity than in children of normal weight, but it is unclear whether this association is independent of other known risk factors. Interpretation of results from previous studies is hampered by methodological limitations, including self-reported assessment of anxiety, depression, and anthropometry. The aim of this study was to investigate whether obesity increases the risk of anxiety or depression independently of other risk factors in a large cohort of children and adolescents, using robust measures with regard to exposure and outcome. Methods Children aged 6–17 years in the Swedish Childhood Obesity Treatment Register (BORIS, 2005–2015) were included (n = 12,507) and compared with a matched group (sex, year of birth, and area of residence) from the general population (n = 60,063). The main outcome was a diagnosis of anxiety or depression identified through ICD codes or dispensed prescribed medication within 3 years after the end of obesity treatment. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from Cox proportional models were adjusted for several known confounders. Results Obesity remained a significant risk factor for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents after adjusting for Nordic background, neuropsychiatric disorders, family history of anxiety/depression, and socioeconomic status. Girls in the obesity cohort had a 43% higher risk of anxiety and depression compared to girls in the general population (adjusted HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.31–1.57; p < 0.0001). The risk in boys with obesity was similar (adjusted HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.20–1.48; p < 0.0001). In sensitivity analyses, excluding subjects with neuropsychiatric disorders and a family history of anxiety/depression, the estimated risks in individuals with obesity were even higher compared with results from the main analyses (adjusted HR [95% CI]: girls = 1.56 [1.31–1.87], boys = 2.04 [1.64–2.54]). Conclusions Results from this study support the hypothesis that obesity per se is associated with risk of both anxiety and depression in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Awareness of diabetes in the population of Greenland

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Michael Lynge Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telephone Contact ◽  
Information Strategies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Objective Type

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) may develop slowly with few symptoms and may remain undetected for many years, leading to severe complications that potentially could have been prevented with timely diagnosis and treatment. Undiagnosed diabetes has been reported high in Greenland. However, awareness and knowledges about diabetes in the general population remains unexplored.Methods: This study was performed as an observational cross sectional study based on telephone interview among a random sample of Greenlanders. The interview was performed in Greenlandic or Danish according to participant’ preference and included information about age, gender, place of birth, place of residence, medical history of diabetes, awareness of the diabetes, risk factors, symptoms, complications, and local possibilities to get tested for diabetes.Results: In total, telephone contact was established with 196 adults. Of those, 161 participants completed the interview while 35 were unwilling to participate in the interview corresponding to a response rate of 82% (161/196). The majority of responders, 85.7%, were aware of diabetes and local testing possibilities. However, only around 65% were aware of risk factors of diabetes. Also, the knowledge about common symptoms of diabetes was quite low, around 50%, and in particular low, around 40%, among males and inhabitants in settlements.Conclusions: The vast majority of the population was aware of diabetes. However, the present study revealed shortage of knowledge of common risk factors, symptoms, and complications to diabetes. This is challenging the effort to prevent diabetes and new alternative information strategies are needed. Furthermore, the shortage of knowledges of risk factors may not be isolated to diabetes and further studies on health literacy in Greenland are recommended.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Acute MI in a Secondary Hospital in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ullah ◽  
Suman Kumar Saha ◽  
Md Toufiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Abdul Karim ◽  
Rashid Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Hospital

Background: Incidence of noncommunicable disease, specially cardiovascular diseases, is increasing in Bangladesh. Prevalence of risk factors in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has been studied in different tertiary hospitals and institutes. This study was done in a secondary hospital with a patient population mainly of low socioeconomic condition and was compared with other patient groups of the country and Indian subcontinent. Methods: this cross sectional study was conducted in Manikganj Sadar Hospital from July 2019 to December 2019. All the patients admitted with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) were included. Cardiovascular risk factors, like smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), family history of premature cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidaemia and obesity, were evaluated among the patients. Results: This cross-sectional study showed most of the patients were in the age group of 50-59 years. 66% of the male patients and 2% of the female patients were smoker. 66% of the patients were hypertensive, 44% patients were diabetic, 28.5% patients were overweight, 60.4% patients had total cholesterol > 200mg/dl, 73.6% patients had LDL>130 mg/dl, 110 76.3% patients had HDL < 40 mg/ dl, 72.2% had triglyceride >150 mg/dl and 39% patients had family history of premature cardiovascular disease. Ninety (62.5%) patients had anterior MI, 50 (34.7%) patients had inferior MI and 4 (2.7%) patients had NSTEMI. 65 patients had no major risk factor and 57 % had three or more risk factors. Conclusion: The study population was more aged in comparison to other studies conducted in different parts of Bangladesh. Prevalence of smoking habit was lower but the prevalence of HTN, DM and dyslipidaemia were higher than the general population and other cohorts of MI patients. The prevalence of major risk factors was much higher than the general population of Bangladesh. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 12(2): 96-101

Increasing rates of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections among HIV-infected persons

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy F Crum-Cianflone ◽  
Alina A Burgi ◽  
Braden R Hale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mrsa Infection

Community-acquired (CA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) rates have rapidly increased in the general population; however, little data on recent incidence rates and risk factors of CA-MRSA infections among HIV patients appear in the literature. A retrospective study was conducted from 1993 through 2005 among patients at a large HIV clinic. Trends in CA-MRSA infection incidence rates, clinical characteristics and risk factors for CA-MRSA were evaluated. Seven percent of our cohort developed a CA-MRSA infection during the study period. The rate of CA-MRSA infections among HIV-infected population significantly increased since 2003, with an incidence of 40.3 cases/1000 person-years in 2005, which was 18-fold higher than the general population served at our facility. In all, 90% of infections were skin/soft tissue infections with a predilection for buttock or scrotal abscess formation; 21% of patients experienced a recurrent infection. Risk factors included a low CD4 count at the time of infection (odds ratio [OR] per 100 CD4 cells 0.84, P = 0.03), high maximum log10 HIV viral load (OR 4.54, P<0.001), recent use of β-lactam antibiotics (OR 6.0 for receipt of two prescriptions, P<0.001) and a history of syphilis (OR 4.55, P = 0.01). No patient receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis developed a CA-MRSA infection. Over the study period, CA-MRSA accounted for an increasing percentage of positive wound cultures and Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 37% and 65%, respectively, during 2005. In conclusion, CA-MRSA infections have rapidly increased among HIV-infected patients, a group which has a higher rate of these infections than the general population. Risk factors for CA-MRSA among HIV-infected patients include low current CD4 cell count, recent β-lactam antibiotic use and potentially high-risk sexual activity as demonstrated by a history of syphilis infection.

scholarly journals The association between atherosclerotic risk factors and renal function in the general population

2005 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1967-1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobien C. Verhave ◽  
Hans L. Hillege ◽  
Johannes G.M. Burgerhof ◽  
Ron T. Gansevoort ◽  
Dick De Zeeuw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

scholarly journals Common Risk Factors Responsible for Acute Kidney Injury among Children: Experience at Medical University in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Sharmin Akter Luna ◽  
Jakia Sultana ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Afroza Begum ◽  
Md Habibur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiocontrast Agent ◽  
Nephrotoxic Drugs ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
One Year ◽  
Medical University

Background: Acute kidney injury can occur among the younger children due to different reasons. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the risk factors and primary disease responsible for acute kidney injury among younger children. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric Nephrology with the collaboration of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Paediatric Neurology, Paediatric Neonatology and Microbiology and Immunology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from May 2018 to July 2019 for a period of one year. Patients with the age group of 1 month to 17 years who were at risk of AKI, and admitted in the inpatient department of Pediatrics and allied at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib University, Dhaka, Bangladesh in both sexes were selected as study population. To detect AKI, serum creatinine was measured at 0 h (baseline), 48 h and 5th day respectively. Result: A total number of 42 patients, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. The risk factors of AKI was mainly pre renal in 60% (n=9) cases, mostly due to nephrotoxic drugs followed by hypovolemia. Renal causes were in 40% (n=6) cases. Among these 50% cases due to amikacin and 50% cases due to use of radiocontrast agent. Most patients were with renal disease which was 30(58%) cases. Among them 28(93.0%) cases were nephrotic syndrome and 2(7.0%) cases were hydronephrosis. However, 7(13%) cases were cardiac disease presented with congenital heart disease who used radiocontrast agent. Conclusion: In conclusion most common risk factors of acute kidney injury among younger children is pre-renal causes which are due to nephrotoxic drugs. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 42-46

Acute joint pain

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Farne ◽  
Edward Norris-Cervetto ◽  
James Warbrick-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Joint Function ◽  
Prosthetic Joints ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

The ‘must exclude’ diagnosis is septic arthritis. Not only can it destroy articular cartilage within days if not treated (hence permanently reducing joint function), but it is also associated with a mortality of about 10% due to underlying bacteraemia. Remember that pain may be referred from elsewhere. For example, hip pathology may present as knee pain, and lumbar spine pathology may present as hip pain. The causes of a single, acutely painful joint include those shown in Figure 27.1, with larger font size highlighting those that are more common. • Pain. You should characterize the pain as for any other pain along the lines of SOCRATES (see Chapter 1). Pain that worsens with movement and improves with rest is likely to be non-inflammatory. An acute onset (hours) is consistent with septic arthritis, gout/pseudogout, and trauma. A more insidious onset is more common in conditions like bursitis and tendonitis, where the relevant anatomical structure becomes inflamed with overuse. Chronic onset suggests osteoarthritis (note that some rheumatologists prefer the term osteoarthrosis to reflect the fact that the inflammation is not the primary pathology). The severity of pain can usefully be assessed by asking about joint function—for example, can the patient weight bear? • Trauma. Mr Sullivan has already said he does not remember there being any trauma, but you must always ask and make sure. Even the slightest of knocks can cause significant pain. However, this does not exclude other diagnoses—trauma can precipitate infection or gout, for example. • Common risk factors for gout. There are many potential causes of gout, but the more common ones that you should ask about include use of thiazide diuretics, recent heavy alcohol intake, chronic renal failure, and chemotherapy (high cell apoptosis, leading to degradation of DNA and excess urate). A history of renal stones or previous episodes of gout also makes gout more likely. • Common risk factors for septic arthritis. Again there are many possible risk factors, but the key ones are immunosuppression (e.g. diabetes, HIV, steroid use) and any prosthetic joints. • Risk factors for haemarthrosis. Typically due to a coagulopathy (e.g. classically haemophilia), anticoagulant use (typically warfarin) or trauma (e.g. a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament in the knee).

Prevalence and risk factors of airflow obstruction in a Caribbean population

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-519
Author(s):  
L. Conyette ◽  
F. Lutchmansingh ◽  
S. Sakhamuri ◽  
D. Simeon ◽  
M. A. Ivey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Caribbean Population ◽  
Almost All

SETTING: The prevalence of airflow obstruction (AO) in the Caribbean population is unknown.OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of and risk factors for AO (post-bronchodilator ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec to forced vital capacity of <0.7) in the Trinidad and Tobago general population using the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease methodology.DESIGN: National cross-sectional, stratified, cluster sampling of adults aged ≥40 years.RESULTS: AO prevalence was 9.5% among 1104 participants, most of whom were unaware of this. Compared to those aged 40–49 years, the adjusted odds ratio of AO by age group was 2.73 (60–69 years) and 3.30 (≥70 years). Risk factors for AO were unemployment (OR 4.31), being retired (OR 2.17), smoking ≥20 pack-years (OR 1.88) and exposure to dusty jobs for more than 1 year (OR 2.06). Related symptoms were history of wheezing, unscheduled visits to the doctor or admission to hospital for breathing problems and in subjects with at least one respiratory symptom (OR 1.90), at least one risk factor (OR 2.81), either symptoms or risk factors (OR 3.71) and both symptoms and risk factors (OR 5.78) (P < 0.05 in all cases).CONCLUSION: AO prevalence in the general population of Trinidad and Tobago aged ≥40 years was 9.5%, almost all of which was undiagnosed. AO was associated with smoking, age >59 years, lack of employment and working in a dusty job.

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