Association between Low Cognition and Low–income in Rural Pakistani Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3507-3510
Author(s):  
Irum Gilani ◽  
Ziyad Afzal Kayani ◽  
Sarmud Lateef Awan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Poverty ◽  
Low Income Children

Objective: Numerous studies have concluded relationship of the childhood poverty to the impaired academic performance ultimately contributing to low wages and income in the adult life. Objective of this study was to assess the association between household income and the cognitive potential of children. Methodology: In this cross–sectional study, cognitive potential of 6 to 7 years old children (n=300) from a rural district of Pakistan was assessed through an indicator of the cognitive development called Intelligence Quotient (IQ) or Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) which was calculated by utilizing fourth edition of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI–IV). Data on the sociodemographic profile was collected through mother’s questionnaire. Results: Low cognitive potential or IQ of the rural Pakistani children was found to be associated with the low–income of the household. Conclusion: Early childhood development programmes in Pakistan ought to incorporate cognitive–stimulation strategies designed for the low–income children belonging to the rural place of residence in order to disrupt the transmission of poverty to the next generation. Keywords: poverty, rural, IQ, children, productivity, Pakistan, cognition, low–income, socioeconomic

scholarly journals Water, sanitation and hygiene practices in early childhood development (ECD) centres in low socio-economic areas in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Melariri ◽  
Liana Steenkamp ◽  
Margaret Williams ◽  
Chwayita Mtembu ◽  
Jessica Ronaasen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are vital indicators to healthy living and safe environments for child development. The aim of the study was to determine WASH status and practices in ECD centres located in low socio-economic areas of Nelson Mandela Bay during 2017. This cross-sectional study elicited responses from 46 ECD centres which had a total of 3,254 children and 172 caregivers. A structured questionnaire and visual observation were used. Using core WASH in schools' indicators (WinS) showed that despite improved water sources being available in 91% of the facilities, WinS for hygiene was poor. The study observed that 57% of the respondents had improved toilets accommodating both genders. In 29% of ECD centres, 6–10 children make use of a ‘pottie’ while in 9% of the cases, more than 20 children make use of one ‘pottie’. The use of the bucket system was noted in 22% of the ECD centres. In 79% of the ECD centres, children wash their hands in a communal plastic bowl. Only 11% of the study population washed hands hygienically under a running tap or tippy tap. WASH conditions in the ECD centres in the study area require urgent attention and further investigation for practical solutions. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

scholarly journals Determinants of vulnerability in early childhood development in Ireland: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. e002387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Curtin ◽  
Jamie Madden ◽  
Anthony Staines ◽  
Ivan J Perry
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Exclusive Breastfeeding Protects Young Children from Stunting in a Low-Income Population: A Study from Eastern Indonesia

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4264
Author(s):  
Hamam Hadi ◽  
Fatimatasari Fatimatasari ◽  
Winda Irwanti ◽  
Chahya Kusuma ◽  
Ratih Devi Alfiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Expenditures ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Low Income Children ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Better Than

The prevalence of stunting in young Indonesian children is the highest among countries belonging to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Breastfed children are reported to grow better than non-breastfed. The present study examined the protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against stunting in children under two years old (CU2) and its interaction with monthly household expenditure. Secondary analyses were conducted based on a 2012 cross-sectional study including 408 children aged 6–24 months and their caregivers from 14 villages in rural Eastern Indonesia. Data on breastfeeding history, childcare, and household expenditures were collected using structured questionnaires. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted in each village (n = 14). Nearly two-thirds (61%) of caregivers who identified as the biological mother exclusively breastfed their child at 6 months. Exclusively-breastfed CU2 from poorer households were 20% less likely to be stunted than their non-exclusively-breastfed peers. Further, exclusively-breastfed CU2 from wealthier households were 50% less likely to be stunted than non-exclusively-breastfed CU2 from poorer households. FGDs revealed that some mothers were unaware of the importance of recommended breastfeeding practices. Exclusive breastfeeding may protect low-income children against stunting. Health promotion to improve caregiver motivation to exclusively breastfeed is critical in the present setting and beyond.

scholarly journals INFLUENCES OF MATERNAL KNOWLEDGE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AGED 1-3 YEARS IN NHA TRANG CITY, VIETNAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-481
Author(s):  
Truong Hoang Viet ◽  
Sutham Nanthamongkolchai ◽  
Chokchai Munsawaengsub ◽  
Supachai Pitikultang
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Although early childhood development (ECD) is emphasized in regulation and law, Vietnam still refers the term ECD to early childhood education and the role of parents in promoting child development is not frequently mentioned. This study aims to examine the influences of mother’s knowledge of child development and socio-economic factors on child development. We conducted this cross-sectional study in Nha Trang city, Vietnam and collected data from 296 child-mother dyads using multistage sampling. Child development is measured by Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3) and completed by mothers. The results show that there were 34.1% of children reported with suspected delayed development. Inappropriate level of maternal knowledge of child development, practice to promote child development, and positive parenting practice took up 80.4%, 75.3%, and 76.0%. Results from the multiple logistic regression reveal that maternal knowledge of child development and several socio-economic factors including children’s age, and children living with both parents were significantly associated with child development. The study recommends that mothers should improve their knowledge of child development to ensure their children’s healthy development.

ECD Indicators and Nutritional Status of Grade R Children: An Interest to Social Workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Elizabeth Ronaasen ◽  
Liana Steenkamp ◽  
Teresa Margaret Wilson ◽  
Danie Venter ◽  
Diane Elkonin
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Cross Sectional

Provision of early childhood development (ECD) stimulation and adequate nutrition should be a priority for social workers who monitor ECD programmes. The objective of this study was to assess and describe ECD indicators in the context of the nutritional status of preschool children in an underprivileged community of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was selected using a quantitative approach. The study population consisted of children older than 60 months, and in Grade R classes. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to determine associations between the nutritional status and ECD indicators. Children in the sample (n = 105) had a mean height-for-age z-score (HAZ) of −0.68 (SD = 0.91), with 11 children of the sample classified as stunted or short for their age. The assessments of the ECD indicators revealed that 30 per cent of the participants’ ability levels in the domains of social-emotional development, physical-motor development and cognitive development did not meet age-appropriate requirements. Stunted children performed worse across all domains, particularly in terms of physical-motor development being significantly (p < 0.05) poorer than children with normal height for their age.

scholarly journals Exposure to early childhood development interventions and its association with responsive feeding and nutritional status of 6 to 35 months old children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Swati Jarole ◽  
Subodh S. Gupta ◽  
Ashok M. Mehendale ◽  
Abhishek Raut
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The objective of the study was to study the association between exposure to early childhood development (ECD) interventions and responsive feeding and nutritional status among 6-35 months’ children.Methods: The present analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 360 children from a primary health centre (PHC) area under the ECD project and 360 children from comparison PHC area. The anthropometric measurement and responsive feeding was assessed and compared among 6-35 months’ children.Results: There was significant difference in mean scores of ECD activity (p=0.001) and responsive feeding (p<0.001) in ECD area as to comparison area. In the ECD program area, the proportion of children who were malnourished (33.3%) were less as compared to control area (53.9%).Conclusions: The present study shows ECD interventions at community level delivered through frontline workers resulted in improved responsive feeding practices better nutritional outcomes for children.

scholarly journals Caregiver knowledge, attitude and practices about early child development in Telangana, India: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Leena Gaikwad ◽  
Zenia Taluja ◽  
Nanda Kishore Kannuri ◽  
Samiksha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Stimulation ◽  
Age Appropriate

Background: Early childhood development (ECD) refers to the age-appropriate language, cognitive and socio-emotional growth in early years of life. For the very young, 0-3 years of age, parents and caregivers are the main source of stimulus and care. Poor socio-economic conditions may contribute to suboptimal parenting.Methods: We assessed caregivers’ knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding ECD in underprivileged regions of Telangana, South-India, using a structured survey, and qualitative interviews of frontline workers (FLWs).Results: A large proportion of caregivers had appropriate knowledge and practices regarding nutrition and health: colostrum (>80%), breastfeeding (>94%), growth monitoring (>90%), immunization (99%), and health-seeking for the child (98%). Regarding early stimulation, caregivers knew and believed that reading (91%), playing (94%), storytelling and singing (79%) make the child intelligent; but were unaware that these activities should be initiated before 3 years of age, thus their practice of the same was also low. They expressed their love and affection (99%) well for the child, spent time (46%) and talked to the child (59%), but were not aware this contributes to cognitive and emotional development of the child. Major challenges in effective ECD care as per FLWs included parental attitude, mothers’ agricultural work routine and language barrier.Conclusion: We observed gaps in age-appropriate early stimulation and responsive care. Several good practices are rooted in tradition, but caregivers were not completely aware of the contribution of these practices to their child’s development. Qualitative interviews with FLW show the need of culturally relevant interventions to empower caregivers regarding ECD.

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