Prevalence of Microorganisms in Acute Pharyngitis from Throat Swab in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2182-2185
Author(s):  
Mumtaz Ahmad Umar ◽  
Mirza Nasheed Baig ◽  
Nighat Arif ◽  
Naveed Arshad ◽  
Ayesha Jawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Background: Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the mucous membrane of oropharynx which is caused by various infectious organisms like bacteria, viruses and fungi. The other less common seen causes include allergies and gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Aim: To look for range of microorganisms involved in causing acute pharyngitis on throat swab specimens. Methods: After getting consent all the pharyngitis patients attending ENT Department at Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital (ANTH), Islamabad from January to June 2017 were included in the study. From total of 100 patients throat swabs were obtained by established aseptic method and were sent for culture. The organisms involved were recognized by biochemical tests & their propensity to antimicrobial agents was established by established methods. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS v.21. Results: Out of 100 specimens’ microorganisms were identified in 25 specimens while 75 specimens had no growth. Streptococcus pyogenes was the frequently seen organism 9(90%), while the list was followed by Staphylococcus aureus 14(56%) and Candida albicans 3(12%). In 40% single pathogen was identified with Streptococcus pyogenes in 9 samples (90%) and Staphylococcus aureus in 1(10%), whereas 60% of the culture reports were that of the mix infection. Conclusion: The study concluded that streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus were responsible for majority of single organism infections, while candida albicans together with these bacteria were isolated from mixed infections. Keywords: Pharyngitis; Streptococcus pyogenes; Throat; Microorganisms.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Nosocomial Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (175) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidya Shrestha ◽  
B M Pokhrel ◽  
T M Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Test Method ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the most common cause ofnosocomial infection has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. They arenormally resistant to most of the antibiotics used in clinical practice. This study has been carried outto fi nd out the resistance pattern among S. aureus.Methods: During November 2007 to June 2008, clinical samples from patients with nosocomialinfection were processed for culture and sensitivity following standard methodology in microbiologylaboratory, Tribhuvan University teaching hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.Results: Among 149 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, highest resistance was observed against Penicillin(91.94%) followed by Fluoroquinolone (61.74%), Erythromycin (52.94%), Gentamicin (46.98%),Cotrimoxazole (42.95%), Tetracycline (40.94%) and others, whereas susceptibility was observedmaximum against Chloramphenicol (94.85%) followed by Rifampicin (92.61%), Tetracycline(59.06%), Cotrimoxazole (57.04%), and others. None of the isolates were resistant to Vancomycinand Teicoplanin. Of these isolates 44.96 % of the isolates were Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA).Resistance to Penicillin, Fluoroquinolone, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Co-trimoxazole and Tetracyclinewere associated signifi cantly with MRSA isolates (X2= 8.779, p<0.05, X2= 74.233, p<0.05, X2= 84.2842,p<0.05, X2= 108.2032, p<0.05, X2= 88.1512, p<0.05 and X2= 79.1876, p<0.05 respectively). Althoughmost of the Methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were susceptible to both Rifampicinand Chloramphenicol, only Rifampicin susceptibility was signifi cantly associated with them (X2=10.1299, p<0.05). Among three Biochemical tests for the detection of β lactamase detection namelychromogenic, iodometric and acidimetric test, chromogenic test method had highest sensitivity andspecifi city.Conclusions: Since MRSA comprised a greater part of S. aureus isolates and were multi-resistant,patients infected by such strains should be identifi ed and kept in isolation for hospital infectioncontrol and treated with second line of drug like vancomycin.Key Words: β lactamase, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus,methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, resistance pattern

scholarly journals Paradigm Shift in Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Isolates during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
Vikas Saini ◽  
Charu Jain ◽  
Narendra Pal Singh ◽  
Ahmad Alsulimani ◽  
Chhavi Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Hospital Infection Control ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging public health problem in modern times and the current COVID-19 pandemic has further exaggerated this problem. Due to bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 cases, an irrational consumption of antibiotics has occurred during the pandemic. This study aimed to observe the COVID-19 patients hospitalized from 1 March 2019 to 31 December 2020 and to evaluate the AMR pattern of bacterial agents isolated. This was a single-center study comprising 494 bacterial isolates (blood and urine) that were obtained from patients with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to the ICU and investigated in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. Out of the total bacterial isolates, 55.46% were gram negative and 44.53% were gram positive pathogens. Of the blood samples processed, the most common isolates were CoNS (Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus) and Staphylococcus aureus. Amongst the urinary isolates, most common pathogens were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 60% MRSA was observed in urine and blood isolates. Up to 40% increase in AMR was observed amongst these isolates obtained during COVID-19 period compared to pre-COVID-19 times. The overuse of antibiotics gave abundant opportunity for the bacterial pathogens to gradually develop mechanisms and to acquire resistance. Since the dynamics of SARS-COV-2 are unpredictable, a compromise on hospital antibiotic policy may ultimately escalate the burden of drug resistant pathogens in hospitals. A shortage of trained staff during COVID-19 pandemic renders it impossible to maintain these records in places where the entire hospital staff is struggling to save lives. This study highlights the extensive rise in the use of antibiotics for respiratory illness due to COVID-19 compared to antibiotic use prior to COVID-19 in ICUs. The regular prescription audit followed by a constant surveillance of hospital infection control practices by the dedicated teams and training of clinicians can improve the quality of medications in the long run and help to fight the menace of AMR.

scholarly journals Sore Throat and Methicllin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Positive Pharyngo-Tonsillitis in a Tertiary Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Mahabub Alom ◽  
Md Sultan Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in health care-associated pathogens is a growing concern for healthcare and for public health. In response to these concerns, medical experts, professional societies and agencies, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), have proposed initiatives to curtail the spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to observe the disease pattern and demographic characteristics of patient attending at the outpatient department of Otolaryngology in a tertiary care hospital suffering from sore throat and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) positive pharyngo-tonsillitis. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out at the outpatient department of Otolaryngology in Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College and Hospital for the period of January, 2016 to December, 2017. Data were collected based on history, clinical examinations and culture and sensitivity report of throat swab of the patients. Result: A total of 339 patients were studied of which 49.56% were male and 50.44% were female. The mean age was 30 years; maximum patient (36.28%) belongs to 21-30 years of age. Maximum patient (76%) were come from out of Sirajganj district specially North Bengal. Regarding result of throat swab of C/S 58.11% patients were MRSA positive, 26.84% patients were MRSA negative and15.04% patients has no growth. Conclusion: It is illogical to treat all sore throats with antibiotics. A large scale multi-center study should be performed in the country. A uniform data system should be constructed for Chronic Pharyngo-tonsillitis caused by Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Bangladesh. KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-4, January 2019, Page 177-181

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF CLINDAMYCIN RESISTANCE IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avneet Kaur Heyar ◽  
Kamaldeep Kaur ◽  
Amarjit Kaur Gill ◽  
Prabhjot Kaur Gill
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Constitutive Resistance ◽  
Sensitive Method

Nowadays in Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to lincosamide, macrolide and streptogramin B (MLSB) group of antibiotics are expanded. Therefore, clindamycin is preferred drug for the treatment of infections caused by S. aureus, but due to change in sensitivity patterns of clindamycin it is leading to treatment failure. The three resistance phenotypes of MLSB antibiotics are iMLSB (inducible resistance) and cMLSB (constitutive resistance) that are resistant to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogrammins B antibiotics, whereas MS resistance that is sole resistant to macrolides and streptogramins B antibiotics. Erythromycin ribosome methylase (erm) genes are responsible for expressing inducible clindamycin resistance among S. aureus. In the present investigation, a Double disc approximation/Disc induction test (D-test) and PCR were used. Out of 428 strains the prevalence of iMLSB, cMLSB and MS phenotypes were 36 (8.41%), 47 (10.98%) and 48(11.21%) respectively. It is concluded that D-test should be routinely done to avoid treatment failure due to clindamycin resistance. In addition, PCR is a simple, quick, reliable and sensitive method that could also be used in the detection of inducible clindamycin resistance. The reason for the lower prevalence of iMLSB phenotype in the present study could be due to the reason that samples included in this study were mostly from the rural areas as the exposure of antimicrobial agents is less. Keywords: Clindamycin resistance, D-test, ermA, ermC, iMLSB, S. aureus

scholarly journals Frequency of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in a Tertiary care (Services Hospital) Lahore.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 576-580
Author(s):  
Khadija Muneer ◽  
Saima Ayub ◽  
Jazab Aqeel ◽  
Surraya Jaffer ◽  
Taimia Ayub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Care Services

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive coccus responsible for severe morbidity and mortality as it causes community and hospital acquired infections. The Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for several difficult to treat infections in human. Objectives: To find out Frequency of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Patients in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary care (Services Hospital) Lahore. Period: Four months from 1st August 2017 to 30th November 2017. Material & Methods: A total of 2534 isolates were obtained during the period (1 August 2017 to 30 November 2017) from patients at a tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Specimen were inoculated on blood agar plates, strains obtained were confirmed for Staphylococcus aureus using conventional biochemical tests and oxacillin disk test was performed to confirm methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Result: Out of 104 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 46 (44.2%) and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was 58 (55.8%). Conclusion: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a big challenge for current health care system and this may be a cause of morbidity and mortality in community and hospital patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and anti-microbial susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi Ramesh ◽  
Padmavathi Karunakaran ◽  
Dhivya Govindasamy ◽  
Kamalavarshini Paramasivamsasanger ◽  
Prema Mariappan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Background: To study about the prevalence and anti-microbial susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Methods: Totally 110 non-repetitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates were enrolled in this study. Isolates from different clinical specimens like pus and blood obtained from patients in tertiary care hospital and Staphylococcus aureus was identified by conventional phenotypic methods. Complete antibiotic susceptibility testing of all MRSA isolates was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 110 isolates of S. aureus 60 were found to be methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The prevalence of MRSA was 54%. Out of 60 isolates, male patients 37 (63%) and female patients are 22 (37%). Maximum numbers of isolates 25 (41.6%) were from the age group of 51 to 60 years. Among these 60 isolates, all of them were found to be resistant to penicillin and oxacillin. In contrast, 98% of the isolates were found to be sensitive to linezolid. The sensitivity to chloramphenicol 70%, co-trimoxazole 60%, amikacin 58%, clindamycin 43%, ciprofloxacin 38%, erythromycin 25%.Conclusions: The observed prevalence rate was 54%. Linezolid showed the best therapeutic outcome against MRSA. Active screening plays an important role in control of MRSA.

scholarly journals PROFILE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS ADMITTED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO METHICILLIN RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Asmita Singh ◽  
Anita Pandey ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
Priyanka Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes wide range of clinical infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is endemic in India and is a dangerous pathogen causing hospital acquired infection leadings to signicant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE:To study the prole of Staphylococcus aureusisolated from patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. RESULT: Majority of clinical isolates of S.aurueswas obtained from patients of skin and soft tissue infection(54.66%) followed by those suffering from respiratory infection (13.33%), blood stream infection (13.33%) and UTI(8%). S.aureus was predominantly isolated from IPD samples, maximum cases were in the age group of 31-40 years and males outnumbered females. There was predominance of MRSA 112 (74.66%)which showed high level of resistance to penicillin (100%), ciprooxacin (82.14 %), co-trimoxazole (79.46%) and moxioxacin(85.71%). All the clinical isolates of S.aureuswere sensitive to linezolid andvancomycin (MIC <1ugm/ml). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical isolates of S.aureusshowed high level of resistance to various antimicrobial agents which is a signicant nosocomial threat. Surveillance and infection control practices should be carried out to prevent cross transmission of such resistant pathogen within the hospital setting

scholarly journals Culture and sensitivity patterns of bacteriological agents in children admitted to a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Samia Naz ◽  
Asma Mushtaq ◽  
Sobia Qamar ◽  
Nazeela Zia ◽  
Aisha Iftikhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Background: Culture from various infected body fluids is one of the commonly used investigations to establish the etiology of infections and helps clinicians to select appropriate antimicrobial therapy. This study is aimed to determine the culture and sensitivity patterns of bacteriological agents grown in children admitted to a tertiary care center. Patients and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore from April 2019 to December 2019. All admitted children of age £ 15 years who fulfilled the criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis were enrolled in the study. Blood and other body fluids were cultured in appropriate medium as indicated. Profile of microorganisms grown and their sensitivity patterns were noted and recorded on a predesigned data sheet. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS v.22. Results: A total of 500 patients were enrolled in the study. Eighty-three of them (16.6%) had growth of different microorganisms on culture and were further analyzed. Total 58 of these 83 (69.87%) were <5 years of age, Male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Blood culture was positive in 36 patients (43.37%). Cultures from throat swabs, sputum and tracheal secretions showed growth of organisms in 15 (18.10%), while cerebrospinal fluid culture was positive in 14 (16.87%) and urine culture in 11 (13.25%). Microorganism isolated were: Klebsiella spp. (15.66%), Salmonella spp. (14.45%), Escherichia coli (13.25%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.04%), Acinetobacter (12.04%), Streptococcus pyogenes (10.84%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.84%), Enterobacter spp. (7.23%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (3.61%). Klebsiella spp. and E. coli showed resistant to various antibiotics including penicillin, co-amoxiclav, cephalosporin, fluoroquinolones and nalidixic acid. Salmonella spp. was mostly sensitive to meropenem and azithromycin. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to cephalosporin, amikacin, vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion: Commonest micro-organism isolated were Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics was observed in most cultures, which is a whistle blower against inappropriate use of these drugs.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pus culture in a tertiary care hospital of Jharkhand, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar ◽  
Umashanker Prasad Keshri ◽  
Manju Gari ◽  
Sumit Kumar Mahato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Combination ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fixed Drug

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is developing day by day leading to increase not only in health care cost but also severity and death rate from certain infection that could have been avoided by rational use of existing and new antimicrobial agents. Present study is undertaken for this purpose to analyse the types of pathogens involved and their antibiotic sensitivity isolated from pus culture reports in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Observational study was conducted using pus culture and sensitivity reports collected retrospectively from the records maintained in the Department of Microbiology over a period of 5 months from August 2016 to December 2016 in tertiary care hospital.Results: 85 percent pus samples were found culture positive of which microorganism isolated in decreasing order were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsella and E. coli. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to fixed drug combination of piperacillin with tazobactam, linezolid, ceftriaxone with sulbactum, levofloxacillin and ciprofloxacin and resistance to cefotaxime, cloxacillin and ampicillin. Pseudomonas was highly sensitive to fixed drug combination of cefoperazone with sulbactum, piperacillin with tazobactum, ceftriaxone with sulbactum and resistance to cloxacillin and cefotaxime. Klebsiella showed high sensitivity to piperacillin with tazobactum, cefoperazone with sulbactum, ceftriaxone with sulbactum and was found resistant with norfloxacin and amoxycillin. E. coli showed high sensitivity in decreasing order with amikacin and gentamycin and resistance in increasing order with cefotaxime, cloxacillin, ampicillin and norfloxacin.Conclusions: The sensitivity patterns were different for each isolated microorganism but high sensitivity was found with fixed antimicrobial drug combination and resistance to frequently used drugs.

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