scholarly journals Culture and sensitivity patterns of bacteriological agents in children admitted to a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Samia Naz ◽  
Asma Mushtaq ◽  
Sobia Qamar ◽  
Nazeela Zia ◽  
Aisha Iftikhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Background: Culture from various infected body fluids is one of the commonly used investigations to establish the etiology of infections and helps clinicians to select appropriate antimicrobial therapy. This study is aimed to determine the culture and sensitivity patterns of bacteriological agents grown in children admitted to a tertiary care center. Patients and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore from April 2019 to December 2019. All admitted children of age £ 15 years who fulfilled the criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis were enrolled in the study. Blood and other body fluids were cultured in appropriate medium as indicated. Profile of microorganisms grown and their sensitivity patterns were noted and recorded on a predesigned data sheet. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS v.22. Results: A total of 500 patients were enrolled in the study. Eighty-three of them (16.6%) had growth of different microorganisms on culture and were further analyzed. Total 58 of these 83 (69.87%) were <5 years of age, Male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Blood culture was positive in 36 patients (43.37%). Cultures from throat swabs, sputum and tracheal secretions showed growth of organisms in 15 (18.10%), while cerebrospinal fluid culture was positive in 14 (16.87%) and urine culture in 11 (13.25%). Microorganism isolated were: Klebsiella spp. (15.66%), Salmonella spp. (14.45%), Escherichia coli (13.25%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.04%), Acinetobacter (12.04%), Streptococcus pyogenes (10.84%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.84%), Enterobacter spp. (7.23%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (3.61%). Klebsiella spp. and E. coli showed resistant to various antibiotics including penicillin, co-amoxiclav, cephalosporin, fluoroquinolones and nalidixic acid. Salmonella spp. was mostly sensitive to meropenem and azithromycin. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to cephalosporin, amikacin, vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion: Commonest micro-organism isolated were Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics was observed in most cultures, which is a whistle blower against inappropriate use of these drugs.

scholarly journals High Contribution and Impact of Resistant Gram Negative Pathogens Causing Surgical Site infections at a Multi-Hospital Healthcare System in Saudi Arabia, 2007-2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman El-Saed ◽  
Hanan Balkhy ◽  
Majid M. Alshamrani ◽  
Sameera Aljohani ◽  
Asim Alsaedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Abstract BACKGROUND Despite being largely preventable, surgical site infections (SSIs) are still one of the most frequent healthcare-associated infections. The presence of resistant pathogens can further augment their clinical and economic impacts. The objective was to estimate the distribution and resistance in SSI pathogens in Saudi Arabia and to compare them to the US National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) hospitals. METHODS Targeted SSI surveillance was prospectively conducted on several surgical procedures done between 2007 and 2016 in four hospitals of Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. Definitions and methodology of SSI and bacterial resistance were based on NHSN. RESULTS A total 492 pathogens causing 403 SSI events were included. The most frequent pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (22.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.1%), Klebsiella spp. (12.2%), and Escherichia coli (12.2%), with marked variability between surgeries. Approximately 30.3% of Staphylococcus aureus was methicillin-resistant (MRSA), 13.0% of Enterococcus spp. was vancomycin-resistant (VRE), and 5.5% of Enterobacteriaceae were carbapenem resistant (CRE). The highest multidrug-resistant (MDR) GNPs were Acinetobacter spp. (58.3%), Klebsiella spp. (20.4%) and Escherichia coli (16.3%). MRSA was significantly less frequent while cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella spp., MDR Klebsiella spp., and MDR Escherichia coli were significantly more frequent in our hospitals compared with NHSN hospitals. CONCLUSION GNPs in a tertiary care setting in Saudi Arabia are responsible for more than 60% of SSI with more resistant patterns than Western countries. This information may be critical to secure resources and ensure support for caregivers and healthcare leaders in implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs and evidence-based SSI preventive practices.

scholarly journals Isolation of Microbes Associated With Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Keypads Studied at Rumuokoro Port Harcourt, Rivers State

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
B. C. Anele ◽  
I. M. Ikeh ◽  
H. O. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

The keypads of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) are subjected to several microbial contaminations due to their large dermal contact by numerous users and different personal hygiene practice. The study investigated the bacterial diversity and level of contamination obtainable on the ATM keypads during transactions and antibiotics susceptibility pattern of the isolates. The population of culturable bacterial isolates was determined by plating. Isolates were characterized culturally, morphologically and biochemically. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion method. The total culturable heterotrophic bacterial counts ranssged from 5.23 to 9.25 log cfu/g. The bacterial identified and frequency of occurrence is Staphylococcus aureus (17.5%), Escherichia coli (22.5%), Bacillus spp (17.5%), Salmonella spp (10.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.0%), Proteus spp (7.5%) and Klebsiella spp (15.0%) respectively. Staphylococcus aureus were more susceptible to Chloramphenicol (37mm) and were more resistant to Rifampicin (00mm) and Levofloxacin (00mm) respectively. The Gram negative isolates in the study were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin and more resistant to ceporex, nalidixic acid, septrin and ampicillin respectively.  The highest gram negative isolates that showed more susceptible to all the used gram negative antibiotics were Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp while the lowest were Klebsiella spp and Proteus spp respectively. The study has revealed that bacterial contamination on ATM keypads is of health significance and could result to public health challenges if not properly managed. Therefore, adequate hand- washing hygienic practices and cleaning agents are advocated towards reducing the related ill- health among ATM users.

Prevalence of Microorganisms in Acute Pharyngitis from Throat Swab in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2182-2185
Author(s):  
Mumtaz Ahmad Umar ◽  
Mirza Nasheed Baig ◽  
Nighat Arif ◽  
Naveed Arshad ◽  
Ayesha Jawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Background: Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the mucous membrane of oropharynx which is caused by various infectious organisms like bacteria, viruses and fungi. The other less common seen causes include allergies and gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Aim: To look for range of microorganisms involved in causing acute pharyngitis on throat swab specimens. Methods: After getting consent all the pharyngitis patients attending ENT Department at Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital (ANTH), Islamabad from January to June 2017 were included in the study. From total of 100 patients throat swabs were obtained by established aseptic method and were sent for culture. The organisms involved were recognized by biochemical tests & their propensity to antimicrobial agents was established by established methods. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS v.21. Results: Out of 100 specimens’ microorganisms were identified in 25 specimens while 75 specimens had no growth. Streptococcus pyogenes was the frequently seen organism 9(90%), while the list was followed by Staphylococcus aureus 14(56%) and Candida albicans 3(12%). In 40% single pathogen was identified with Streptococcus pyogenes in 9 samples (90%) and Staphylococcus aureus in 1(10%), whereas 60% of the culture reports were that of the mix infection. Conclusion: The study concluded that streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus were responsible for majority of single organism infections, while candida albicans together with these bacteria were isolated from mixed infections. Keywords: Pharyngitis; Streptococcus pyogenes; Throat; Microorganisms.

scholarly journals Microbial spectrum of urinary tract infections and its antibiogram in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2718
Author(s):  
Monika Yadav ◽  
Rohan Pal ◽  
Shan Damrolien ◽  
Sulochana D. Khumanthem
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Background: Urinary tract infections are one of the major health problem effecting both sexes of all age group. UTIs are often treated with different broad-spectrum antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacteria causing urinary tract infections and their susceptibility pattern from patients reporting in RIMS Hospital.Methods: Mid stream urine (MSU) specimens sent to the laboratory from October 2014 to September 2016 were collected and inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey agar and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility test was done following standard operative procedures.Results: 25.66% (1142/4450) samples showed a significant growth out of which 42% (479/1142) were male and 58% (663/1142) were female. E. coli has been found to be the major pathogen causing UTI which account for 61% (696/1142) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 12% (137/1142), CONS 7% (79), Enterococcus spp. 6% (67), Klebsiella spp. 5% (57), Proteus spp. 2% (22), Pseudomonas spp. 2%, Acinetobacter spp. 2% and Candida spp. 3%. Imipenem was the most susceptible antibiotic for Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli (85.9%), Klebsiella spp. (89.4%) and Proteus spp. (95.4%). Vancomycin is 100% sensitive while Linezolid, Nitrofurantoin and Gentamicin are also highly sensitive for both Staphylococcus aureus and CONS.Conclusions: These data may be used to determine trends in antimicrobial susceptibilities, to formulate local antibiotic policies in order to assist clinicians in the rational choice of antibiotic therapy to prevent misuse, or overuse, of antibiotics.

scholarly journals A prospective study of surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1945
Author(s):  
Chenna Krishna Reddy Chada ◽  
Jithendra Kandati ◽  
Munilakshmi Ponugoti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Among the Health care associated infections (HAI), surgical site infections (SSI) previously termed as post-operative wound infections are one of the most common HAI in low and middle income countries. Increase in SSI is associated with increased morbidity, as well as mortality due to emergence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens. Understanding the pathogens implicated in causing the SSIs and their antimicrobial sensitivity place a good role in reducing the mortality and morbidity.Methods: A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital to all the patients admitted in Department of surgery, Orthopedics and Gynecology and Obstetrics for six months from January 2016 to June 2016. The demographic data, inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, risk factors, clinical history, laboratory data with gram stain, culture results and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates were collected.Results: Two hundred patients were recruited in the study and the prevalence of SSI in the study was 3.83%. Patients who underwent emergency operations and diabetics were at higher risk of acquiring SSI. The most commonly isolated pathogens in the study were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most common isolate from orthopedic cases of SSI, Escherichia coli was most common isolate from intestinal surgeries and Staphylococcus aureus from LSCS. Increased rate of isolation of MRSA and ESBL strains were observed in the study.Conclusions: Study clearly explains the various causes and risk factors associated in development of SSI. The study guides in the type of the organism isolated and possible antibiotic of choice in treatment and management of SSI. The prevalence of SSI was 3.83%, which is comparable with some of the studies and lower than many of the studies.

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