scholarly journals Biofortification of Staple Crops to Eradicate Hidden Hunger: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afroz Alam ◽  
Fozia Bibi ◽  
Kanchan Deshwal ◽  
Aditi Sahariya ◽  
C. Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Association ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Global Level ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
Staple Crops ◽  
Staple Crop ◽  
The Ideal

There is a very close association between humans’ beings and the enormous wealth of plants on this green planet. Amid the large floral diversity, numerous plants have been used for exclusive purposes, most notably the food. Though many staple crop plants and vegetables are rich sources of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to meet hunger and require nourishment, they invariably lack some of the essential minerals and vitamins vital for the ideal growth of a human being. Globally, a large portion of the populace is facing ‘hidden hunger’ attributable to the deficit of certain minerals and vitamins in their routine diet because most of the staple food and fodder are deficient in any specific essential nutrients and vitamins. To meet this problem, people have used many approaches and developed new methods to improve staple crops. Biofortification is one such method which the researchers with great success extensively use. In this attempt, various tactics of biofortification have been reviewed. The review also conferred which biofortification was achieved in many staple food crops and their applicability and limitations at the global level.

The Rule of Law: The New Leviathan?

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Taiwo
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Global Level ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Ordering ◽  
Soviet Communism ◽  
Just Society ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Ideal

These are the best of times for the Rule of Law. In all parts of the world, states, governments, and individuals, have found in the rule of law, at various times, a rallying cry, a principle of social ordering that promises the dawn of a just society that its supporters in Euro-American democracies claim to be its crowning glory, or a set of practices that is a sine qua non of a good society. The pursuit of the ideal is nothing new: after all, even those states where it was observed more often in its breach always paid lip service to it. And the defunct socialist countries of Eastern Europe, while they existed, could not escape its lure even as they sought to give it a different nomenclature—socialist legality. The movement towards the rule of law has accelerated after the collapse of Soviet communism and its foster progeny in different parts of the world. Given the present momentum towards the rule of law and the widespread enthusiasm with which it is being embraced and pursued at the global level, some would consider it somewhat churlish for anyone to inject any note of doubt or caution. This is more so when such a note emanates from Marxist quarters. But that is precisely what I wish to do in this essay. Although I do not intend to rain on the rule of law’s entire parade, I surely propose to rain on a segment of it: the Marxist float. I propose to look at the issue within the context of the Marxist politico-philosophical tradition.

New methods of metaphor identification in various types of discourse (Review of publications)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Peter M. Shitikov ◽  
◽  
Svetlana V. Vershinina
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This article presents a review of the latest procedures for identifying metaphor in multilingual texts and different types of discourse. The choice of methods for identifying and decoding metaphorical expressions is the starting point of any research in the field of metaphorology. With the development of corpus linguistics methods, the volume of analyzed material has grown thousands of times. So, the identification of linguistic expressions in discourse that realize conceptual metaphors has become one of the most challenging issues of modern metaphorology. The paper describes theoretical foundations and historical background for the solution of this issue. It is shown that it is impossible to verify this or that method without a large-scale approbation; in this connection, the developments of research groups (PALASIGMET, PRAGGLEJAZ) proved to be the most perspective. The MIP (metaphor identification procedure) was finalized in the metaphor laboratory of the Free University of Amsterdam with the name MIPVU. This methodology was a great success all over the world, however, in Russia only a few articles of introductory character have appeared. This article summarizes the experience of applying the procedures of metaphor identification in different languages and types of discourse.

scholarly journals Multiplying the efficiency and impact of biofortification through metabolic engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Van Der Straeten ◽  
Navreet K. Bhullar ◽  
Hans De Steur ◽  
Wilhelm Gruissem ◽  
Donald MacKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
World Population ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
The World ◽  
Rational Combination ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Staple Crop

Abstract Ending all forms of hunger by 2030, as set forward in the UN-Sustainable Development Goal 2 (UN-SDG2), is a daunting but essential task, given the limited timeline ahead and the negative global health and socio-economic impact of hunger. Malnutrition or hidden hunger due to micronutrient deficiencies affects about one third of the world population and severely jeopardizes economic development. Staple crop biofortification through gene stacking, using a rational combination of conventional breeding and metabolic engineering strategies, should enable a leap forward within the coming decade. A number of specific actions and policy interventions are proposed to reach this goal.

scholarly journals PSXII-14 Fiber content in diets for feedlot lambs: performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 424-424
Author(s):  
Evandro M Ferreira ◽  
Nathalia R Eckermann ◽  
Janaina S Biava ◽  
Jamile Comelli ◽  
Thamires U Sturion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Real Possibility ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract High-grain diets have been used with great success in the feedlot systems for lambs production in Brazil. Then it became important to define the ideal dietary fiber content in the diet when the goal is to produce heavy lambs for early slaughter. The objective in this trial was to evaluate the levels of fiber on performance of lambs feed high-grain diet. Fifty-eight Dorper x Santa Inês ram lambs (initial BW 20.7 ± 1.19 kg and 75 ± 10.83 d old) were assigned to a randomized complete block design. The treatments were defined by the fiber (“Coastcross” hay) content in diets (CP: 16,12% ± 0.92): 0F: no forage diet (NDF: 10.4%); 5F: 5% of forage (NDF: 12.1%); 10F: 10% of forage (NDF: 15%); 15F: 15% of forage (NDF: 15.5%); 20F: 20% of forage (NDF: 20.8%) and 25F: 25% of forage (NDF: 23.5%). The experiment lasted 89 days and lambs were weighted after 16 hours fasting on days 0, 31, 57 and 89. DMI, ADG and FE were determined in each period. There was no interaction effect between diets and periods. There was a quadratic effect in DMI (0F: 0.96; 5F: 0.97; 10F: 1.04; 15F: 1.00; 20F: 1.02; 25F: 0.88 kg/d; P = 0.02), ADG (0F: 0.27; 5F: 0.26; 10F: 0.28; 15F: 0.28; 20F: 0.26; 25F: 0.21 kg/d; P = 0.01) and FE (0F: 0.28; 5F: 0.28; 10F: 0.28; 15F: 0.29; 20F: 0.26; 25F: 0.25; P = 0.05). Consequently, the increased levels of forage result in quadratic effect on final BW (0F: 44.5; 5F: 44.7; 10F: 46.1; 15F: 45.5; 20F: 43.9; 25F: 39.7 kg; P < 0.01). In conclusion, the inclusion of 10–15% of forage improves the performance of feedlot lambs feed high-concentrate diets, but it was proved the real possibility of finishing lambs with diet without forage source.

Food Fortification: A Tool for Fighting Hidden Hunger

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Nilson ◽  
Jaime Piza
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
The Impact

This paper reviews the fortification of staple food as a tool to prevent micronutrient deficiencies. The rationale for fortifying salt, wheat flour, milk, and margarine was developed in the 1920s and 1940s, mainly in industrialized countries. At that time, fortification of staple foods was considered by only a few developing countries. Recent research has shown that the prevalences of some deficiencies (clinical and marginal) in some developing countries are higher than expected. Even more important has been the realization that the impact of marginal deficiencies on health and socio-economic development is considerably more important than the impact of clinical deficiencies. Iron, vitamin A, and iodine have gained more attention, but deficiencies of other micronutrients are also relevant. This paper shows that fortification of staple foods to prevent micronutrient deficiencies is effective, easy, fast, safe, and relatively inexpensive.

scholarly journals REPUBLICANISM AND GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS: THREE DESIDERATA IN TENSION

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Ronzoni
Keyword(s):  
Global Justice ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Institutional Control ◽  
Liberal Egalitarianism ◽  
Global Institutions ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Asymmetrical Power ◽  
Institutional Order ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract:Recently, republicans have been increasingly arguing that the ideal of nondomination can ground both a more plausible account of global justice and better insights for global institutional design than liberal egalitarianism does. What kind of global institutions, however, does nondomination require? The essay argues that a global institutional blueprint based on the republican ideal of nondomination is a multifaceted endeavor. Republican institutions should aim to fulfill three different desiderata: 1) avoiding excessive concentration of power; 2) bringing informal asymmetrical power under institutional control; 3) furthering an active, vigilant citizenry. The three desiderata often pull in different directions. At the global level in particular, they do not converge on a verdict over whether we should switch to a cosmopolitan institutional order, stick to a world of states, or opt for something altogether different. As a result, there is no straightforward pathway leading from the vindication of nondomination as the central principle of global justice to a clear vision for a global institutional order. The issue is, instead, a matter of careful balancing.

International Social and Economic Justice and On-line Advocacy

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Queiro-Tajalli ◽  
Craig Campbell ◽  
John McNutt
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Economic Justice ◽  
Global Level ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
On Line ◽  
International Social

Social work is unusual among the professions for its commitment to advocacy on behalf of the poor, the dispossessed and the disadvantaged. International human rights and the promotion of social and economic justice are clearly a part of this mission. The article addresses an emerging aspect of advocacy by examining the nexus between international social and economic justice issues and the social work response. It addresses the revolution in advocacy methods created by information technology. These new techniques can offer a wealth of opportunities to further develop the international advocacy component of the social work profession. The impacts these new methods can have on the creation of justice on a global level are discussed.

scholarly journals Configuring Virtual Reality Displays in a Mixed-Reality Environment for LVC Training

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon J. Newendorp ◽  
Christian Noon ◽  
Joe Holub ◽  
Eliot H. Winer ◽  
Stephen Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Game Engines ◽  
The Ideal

In order to adapt to an ever-changing set of threats, military forces need to find new methods of training. The prevalence of commercial game engines combined with virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality environments can prove beneficial to training. Live, virtual and constructive (LVC) training combines live people, virtual environments and simulated actors to create a better training environment. However, integrating virtual reality displays, software simulations and artificial weapons into a mixed reality environment poses numerous challenges. A mixed reality environment known as The Veldt was constructed to research these challenges. The Veldt consists of numerous independent displays, along with movable walls, doors and windows. This allows The Veldt to simulate numerous training scenarios. Several challenges were encountered in creating this system. Displays were precisely located using the tracking system, then configured using VR Juggler. The ideal viewpoint for each display was configured based on the expect location for users to be looking at it. Finally, the displays were accurately aligned to the virtual terrain model. This paper describes how the displays were configured in The Veldt, as well as how it was used for two training scenarios.

Habitats of Limnaea truncatula in England and Wales during Dry Seasons

1938 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fluke ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Methods Of Control ◽  
The Ideal

1. The complacent attitude that fluke is no longer a disease of importance is attacked on the grounds that the recent low incidence of the disease is largely due to a temporary scarcity of the intermediary, Limnaea truncatnla.2. A description is given of methods of making contacts, taking samples, and recording observations in a survey of typical habitats of L. truncatula in England and Wales.3. Twenty-two such habitats are described in some detail.4. These form the basis of a brief discussion on factors contributing to the ideal habitat, knowledge of which is desirable for the elaboration of new methods of control.5. A provisional map showing the distribution of liver fluke in England and Wales is appended.

scholarly journals Understanding G × E Interaction for Nutritional and Antinutritional Factors in a Diverse Panel of Vigna stipulacea (Lam.) Kuntz Germplasm Tested Over the Locations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmavati G. Gore ◽  
Arpita Das ◽  
Rakesh Bhardwaj ◽  
Kuldeep Tripathi ◽  
Aditya Pratap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
Desirability Index ◽  
The Ideal

Micronutrient malnutrition or hidden hunger is a serious challenge toward societal well-being. Vigna stipulacea (Lam.) Kuntz (known locally as Minni payaru), is an underutilized legume that has the potential to be a global food legume due to its rich nutrient profile. In the present study, 99 accessions of V. stipulacea were tested for iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), protein, and phytate concentrations over two locations for appraisal of stable nutrient-rich sources. Analysis of variance revealed significant effects of genotype for all the traits over both locations. Fe concentration ranged from 29.35–130.96 mg kg–1 whereas Zn concentration ranged from 19.44 to 74.20 mg kg–1 across both locations. The highest grain Ca concentration was 251.50 mg kg–1 whereas the highest grain protein concentration was recorded as 25.73%. In the case of grain phytate concentration, a genotype with the lowest value is desirable. IC622867 (G-99) was the lowest phytate containing accession at both locations. All the studied traits revealed highly significant genotypic variances and highly significant genotype × location interaction though less in magnitude than the genotypic variance. GGE Biplot analysis detected that, for grain Fe, Zn, and Ca concentration the ‘ideal’ genotypes were IC331457 (G-75), IC331610 (G-76), and IC553564 (G-60), respectively, whereas for grain protein concentration IC553521 (G-27) was the most “ideal type.” For phytate concentration, IC351407 (G-95) and IC550523 (G-99) were considered as ‘ideal’ and ‘desirable,’ respectively. Based on the desirability index, Location 1 (Kanpur) was identified as ideal for Fe, Zn, Ca, and phytate, and for grain protein concentration, Location 2 (New Delhi) was the ideal type. A significant positive correlation was detected between grain Fe as well as grain Zn and protein concentration considering the pooled analysis over both the locations where as a significant negative association was observed between phytate and protein concentration over the locations. This study has identified useful donors and enhanced our knowledge toward the development of biofortified Vigna cultivars. Promoting domestication of this nutrient-rich semi-domesticated, underutilized species will boost sustainable agriculture and will contribute toward alleviating hidden hunger.

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