scholarly journals Editorial Foreword

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Silviu-Marian Miloiu
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Henrik Ibsen ◽  
Hedda Gabler ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
National Languages ◽  
Editorial Foreword

Volume 8, issue no. 1 (2016) of Revista Română de Studii Baltice şi Nordice/ The Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies (RRSBN) gathers articles dealing with history, literary history and literary studies. The first group of articles engaged with topics related to Nordic and Baltic history from the early Middle Ages to the Modern Age. Such is the article which opens the journal signed by Costel Coroban. His thesis is that Konungs skuggsjá (King’s Mirror or Speculum Regale), the piece of work elaborated in 1250 under King Hákon Hákonarson (1217-1263) for his son, future King Magnús lagabœtir (1263-1280), emphasizes piety as one of the essential features of a good Christian. Cases of arrogance and individualism have to be chastened and that was one of the essential attributes and duties of a sovereign. Roxana-Ema Dreve tackles the national identity building in Norway following the separation from Denmark and the creation of a union with Sweden. The article addresses the 1830s’ developments especially with regard to the puzzling debate on the spoken and written national languages and the polemics of Henrik Wergeland and Johan Sebastian Welhaven. Henrik Ibsen continues to inspire inquiries in fields such as literature, social sciences, culture, philosophy as he did when he lived. Gianina Druță studies Ibsen’s masterpiece Hedda Gabler inspired by Gilles Deleuze’s concepts such as deterritorialisation, antigenealogy, rhizome or alliance. Dalia Bukelevičiūtė opens new perspectives in the field of social and welfare of Lithuanian population in Latvia during the interwar period and points out to the unbalanced situation between the two neighboring states of Latvia and Lithuania. While the number of Latvians in Lithuania who needed social protection was meagre, the number of Lithuanians in Latvia was considerable. This posed difficulties to the Lithuanian Government confronted, on one hand, with the needs of Lithuanians, the higher expenses of social services in Latvia and the desire to keep up the Lithuanian identity of the population across the border. This resulted into a wavering policy of the Lithuanian Governments which, however, always returned to the Convention on social assistance concluded with the Latvian counterparts in 1924. This issue of our journal continues to tackle the perceptions of Nordic peoples on Romania, in this case Mihaela Mehedinţi-Beiean depicting the Nordic and Russian travellers’ recollections of corruption and political instability imbedded into the Phanariot system of the 18th century Romania. Finally, this issue brings to the fore a Norwegian personality with a significant role in the Romanian-Norwegian relations, author of chapters, articles and books dealing with this topic: Jardar Seim. Crina Leon successfully sails through the memories of Professor Seim’s first encounters of Romania and the developments of this interest into a research topic.

scholarly journals Romantic medievalism from a new comparative perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Dariusz Seweryn
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
The Middle Ages

From certain point of view a desperate defense of an aesthetic doctrine of classicism, undertaken by Jan Śniadecki, a Polish mathematician and astronomer of the eighteenth century, resembles the E. R. Curtius’ thesis on “Latinism” as a universal factor integrating European culture; it may be stated that post-Stanislavian classical writers in Poland were driven by the same “concern for the preservation of Western culture” which motivated Ernst Robert Curtius in the times of the Third Reich and after its collapse. But the noble-minded intentions were in both cases grounded on similarly distorted perspective, which ensued from a mistificatory attitude towards a non-Latin heritage of the European culture. The range of that mystification or delusion has been fully revealed by findings made by modern so-called new comparative mythology/philology. Another aspect of the problem is an uniform model of the Middle Ages, partially correlated with the Enlightenment-based stereotype of “the dark Middle Ages”, which despite of its anachronism existed in literary studies for a surprisingly long period of time. Although the Romantic Movement of 18th – 19th centuries has been quite correctly acknowledged as an anti-Latinistic upheaval, its real connections with certain traditions of Middle Ages still remain not properly understood. Some concepts concerning Macpherson’s The Works of ossian, put forward by modern ethnology, may yield clues to the research on the question. As suggested by Joseph Falaky Nagy, Macpherson’s literary undertaking may by looked into as a parallel to Acallam na Senórach compiled in Ireland between 11th and 13th centuries: in both cases to respond to threats to the Gaelic culture there arose a literary monument and compendium of the commendable past with the core based on the Fenian heroic tradition that was the common legacy for the Irish and Highlanders. Taking into consideration some other evidence, it can be ascertained that Celtic and Germanic revival initiated in the second half of 18th century was not only one of the most important impulses for the Romantic Movement, but it was also, in a sense, an actual continuation of the efforts of mediaeval writers and compilers (Geoffrey of Monmouth, Snorri Sturluson, Saxo Grammaticus, anonymous compilers of Lebor gabála Érenn and Acallam, Wincenty Kadłubek), who would successfully combine Latin, i.e. classical, and ecclesiastical erudition with a desire to preserve and adapt in a creative way their own “pagan” and “barbarian” legacy. A special case of this (pre)Romantic revival concerns Slavic cultures, in particular the Polish one. Lack of source data on the oldest historical and cultural tradition of Slavic languages, especially in the Western region, and no record about Slavic tradition in highbrow literary culture induced two solutions: the first one was a production of philological forgeries (like Rukopis královédvorský and Rukopis zelenohorský), the second one was an attempt to someway reconstruct that lost heritage. Works of three Romantic historians, W. Surowiecki, W. A. Maciejowski, F. H. Lewestam, shows the method. Seemingly contradicting theories they put forward share common ground in aspects which are related to the characteristics of the first Slavic societies: a sense of being native inhabitants, pacifism, rich natural resources based on highly-effective agriculture, dynamic demography, a flattened social hierarchy and physical prowess. The fact of even greater importance is that the image of that kind has the mythological core, the circumstance which remains hitherto unnoticed. Polish historians not only tended to identify historical ancient Slavs with mythical Scandinavian Vanir (regarding it obvious), but also managed to recall the great Indo-European theme of ”founding conflict” (in Dumézilian terms), despite whole that mythological model being far beyond the horizon of knowledge at that time. Despite all anachronisms, lack of knowledge and instrumental involvement in aesthetic, political or religious ideology, Romanticism really started the restitution of the cultural legacy of the Middle Ages, also in domain of linguistic and philological research. The consequences of that fact should be taken into account in literary history studies.

scholarly journals Engine of Hungary’s development – Migration and Education politics in the 18th century … and consequences for the modern age

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ф. Боди
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Education Politics ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Immigration Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Two Cultures

Венгрия расположена в Карпатском бассейне, и веками цепь гор, окружающая бассейн, окаймляла его северные и восточные границы. Св. Стефан, основатель Венгерского государства, разделял западную христианскую идею государства и рассматривал многоязычие и совместное проживание разных этнических групп как преимущество. Развитию известной идеи государства, символом которого служит корона святого, способствовало и географическое расположение страны. Это государство в течение 900 лет существовало в абсолютном и относительном центре Европы. Данный географический центр одновременно был границей по-разному развивающихся европейских территорий, таких как Восточная Европа – Балканы – Западная Европа. На Балканах эта граница совпадает с исторической границей между Австро-Венгерской и Османской империей. В Средние века Венгрия была одной из наиболее или, возможно, самой «посещаемой» частью Европы. До и после венгерского завоевания несколько национальных/этнических групп пересекли границу и проникли в Карпатский бассейн: некоторые были изгнаны отсюда, другие поселились здесь. Некоторые из них, например, куманы (половцы), стали частью венгерского народа в процессе смешения двух культур. Однако некоторые народы, при том что их языки ассимилировались, сохранили явное своеобразие (немцы, евреи). В XVIII в. в Венгерском королевстве происходил интенсивный иммиграционный процесс. Эта эпоха открыла новое время для страны. На карте появлялось все больше поселений с немцами, сербами, словаками и представителями других этнических групп. В результате этого движения могло появиться новое государство, которое, возможно, было бы полиэтничным, но никогда не стало бы мультикультурным. Это был не просто период иммиграционного процесса, это была великая эпоха возрождения Венгрии в результате череды революционных образовательных и церковных реформ. Это столетие положило начало современному плюралистическому обществу, основанному на традиции парламентаризма св. Стефана и Торды, то есть на этнической и религиозной толерантности. Hungary is in the Carpathian Basin, and for centuries the chain of mountains surrounding the basin marked its northern and eastern boundaries. St Stephen, the founder of the state, accepted the western Christian idea of state and considered multilingualism and cohabitation of different ethnic backgrounds as an advantage.That geographic situation helped the long-lasting idea of the state symbolized by the Crown of Saint. This state for nine hundred years could be existed in Europe’s absolute and relative centre. This geographical centre was at the same time the border of the different European developing zones as well, East Europe – the Balkans – West Europa. In the Balkans this border of course coincides the historic border line between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Hungary was one of the most or maybe the most «visited» part of Europe in the middle ages. Before and after the Hungarian conquest, several nations/ethnic groups crossed and entered the Carpathian basin and were expelled from here or settled down here. Some of them became parts of the Hungarians, taking their culture or mixing the two cultures like the Cumans, and there were some whose languages assimilated, but they preserved their specific entity (Germans, Jews). There was a very intensively immigration process in the Hungarian Kingdom during the 18th century. This epoch opened the modern age for the country. More and more settlements appeared in the map of the country by Germans, Serbians, Slovakians, etc. habitants. This organized movement could create a new state which could be multi-ethnic, however, never multicultural country. This period was not only a simple immigration process because this period was a significant reconstruction epoch too for Hungary by the schools and churches revolution. This century brought a modern and pluralistic society which was based on the St. Stephen and Torda’ Parliament tradition i.e. the whole religion and ethnic toleration.

Alma Mater Studiorum. O genezie i początkach uniwersytetów

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Marek Maciejewski
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
New Era ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The 19Th Century

The origin of universities reaches the period of Ancient Greece when philosophy (sophists, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, stoics and others) – the “Queen of sciences”, and the first institutions of higher education (among others, Plato’s Academy, Cassiodorus’ Vivarium, gymnasia) came into existence. Even before the new era, schools having the nature of universities existed also beyond European borders, including those in China and India. In the early Middle Ages, those types of schools functioned in Northern Africa and in the Near East (Baghdad, Cairo, Constantinople, cities of Southern Spain). The first university in the full meaning of the word was founded at the end of the 11th century in Bologna. It was based on a two-tiered education cycle. Following its creation, soon new universities – at first – in Italy, then (in the 12th and 13th century) in other European cities – were established. The author of the article describes their modes of operation, the methods of conducting research and organizing students’ education, the existing student traditions and customs. From the very beginning of the universities’ existence the study of law was part of their curricula, based primarily on the teaching of Roman law and – with time – the canon law. The rise of universities can be dated from the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of modernity. In the 17th and 18th century they underwent a crisis which was successfully overcome at the end of the 19th century and throughout the following one.

Historical and medical aspects of the organization of medical and social services for the elderly and senile people in Russia in the late XX — early XXI centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kaspruk
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Geriatric Service ◽  
Delivery Of Medical Care ◽  
Older Citizens

When analyzing the historical and medical aspects of the organization of medical and social services for the elderly and senile people in Russia in the late XX — early XXI centuries not only obvious achievements in this sphere, but also a number of problems requiring solution were identified. The primary role in the delivery of medical care to geriatric patients is assigned to the primary health care sector. However the work of the geriatric service in the format of a single system for the provision of long-term medical and social care based on the continuity of patient management between differ- ent levels of the health care system and between the health and social protection services is not well organized. There is no clear coordination and interaction between health care and social protection institutions, functions of which include providing care to older citizens, and it significantly reduces the effectiveness of the provision of both medical and social services.

The Four Paradoxes of Nuclear Strategy

1964 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Morgenthau
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Nuclear Strategy ◽  
Nuclear Age ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Modes Of Thought ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Middle Ages

The nuclear age has ushered in a novel period of history, as distinct from the age that preceded it as the modern age has been from the Middle Ages or the Middle Ages have been from antiquity. Yet while our conditions of life have drastically changed under the impact of the nuclear age, we still live in our thoughts and act through our institutions in an age that has passed. There exists, then, a gap between what we think about our social, political, and philosophic problems and the objective conditions which the nuclear age has created.This contradiction between our modes of thought and action, belonging to an age that has passed, and the objective conditions of our existence has engendered four paradoxes in our nuclear strategy: the commitment to the use of force, nuclear or otherwise, paralyzed by the fear of having to use it; the search for a nuclear strategy which would avoid the predictable consequences of nuclear war; the pursuit of a nuclear armaments race joined with attempts to stop it; the pursuit of an alliance policy which the availability of nuclear weapons has rendered obsolete. All these paradoxes result from the contrast between traditional attitudes and the possibility of nuclear war and from the fruitless attempts to reconcile the two.

Der Raum der Vorlesung: Vom Auditorium zum „multi media hub“

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-701
Author(s):  
Heiko Hausendorf ◽  
Kenan Hochuli ◽  
Johanna Jud ◽  
Alexandra Zoller
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
High Level

Abstract The present paper is concerned with the lecture hall as the natural home of lecturing. We will focus on constructed, designed and equipped space as a material and communicative manifestation of science which fundamentally contributes to the multimodal practice of lecturing. Taking an interactionist point of view, we start off with introducing our concept of architecture-for-interaction which aims at spatial built-in features as a resource for social interaction, namely for situational anchoring among those present. In a second step, we identify key architectural elements of the lecture hall as material sediments of communicative problems connected with the social practice of lecturing. In doing so, we will also give a high-level overview of the historical development of the lecture hall (and its precursors) since the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age. Turning to current data from lecturing in times of the pandemic, we will then deal with so called „ghost lectures“ behind closed doors. This current development brings out a refiguration process due to which the lecture hall undergoes a change from the classical auditorium with copresent participants to a multi-media hub allowing for tele-present participants.

Gerontological aspects of improving the quality of medical and social assistance to older displaced persons in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine

2022 ◽  
pp. 941-947
Author(s):  
В.В. Чайковская ◽  
Т.И. Вялых ◽  
А.В. Царенко ◽  
Н.Н. Величко ◽  
В.А. Толстых ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Hospice Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Viable System

Исследование посвящено вопросам организации медицинского и социального обслуживания переселенцев пожилого возраста на уровне первичной медико-санитарной помощи (ПМСП) на Украине, определению основных задач и особенностей организации и предоставления им паллиативной и хосписной помощи (ПХП) в условиях пандемии COVID-19. По результатам социологического исследования с использованием методов опроса, экспертных оценок были проанализированы социально-психологические характеристики переселенцев пожилого возраста, особенностей их социальной адаптации, финансирования и медико-социального обслуживания. Были определены пути улучшения организации амбулаторной помощи переселенцам старшего возраста на уровне ПМСП, включающие структурную модернизацию и оптимизацию организационного обеспечения. Внедрение доступных и экономически обоснованных подходов позволяет усилить взаимодействие специалистов учреждений здравоохранения и социальной защиты, оптимизировать соблюдение стандартов и принципов медицинской помощи. В рамках организации ПХП базовыми являются европейские подходы формирования стратегии непрерывности предоставления паллиативной помощи в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Внедрение предлагаемых подходов в организации медицинской и социальной помощи на уровне амбулаторий ПМСП и обеспечение доступной ПХП являются актуальными для переселенцев пожилого возраста, находящихся в группе повышенного риска при пандемии COVID-19. This work aimed to study the organization of medical-social services for the elderly internally displaced persons at the level of primary medico-sanitary aid (PMSA) in Ukraine, assessment of the main tasks and specifics of organization and provision of palliative and hospice care (PHC) under COVID-19 conditions. As a result of the sociological investigation, using the questionnaire methods and experts’ evaluations, we have analyzed the socio-psychological characteristics of the elderly internally displaced persons, the specifics of their social adaptation, financing and medico-social servicing at the level PMSA, including structural modernization and optimization of organizational provision. The introduction of an affordable and economically viable system allows for the interaction of specialists from health care and social protection institutions, and optimizes compliance with the standards and principles of medical care. Within the framework of the PНC, we use the European approaches of formation of the strategy of palliative care expansion under COVID-19 pandemic. One of the main tasks is the provision of constant PHC. Introduction of the organization-structural system of the medical-social care at the PMSA level and provision of accessible and highly qualitative constant PHC are actual for the elderly displaced people, who are in the group of high risk COVID-19 death group.

"Itzt kommen die Soldaten"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Venzl
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

In the 18th century, as many as 300 German-language plays were produced with the military and its contact and friction with civil society serving as focus of the dramatic events. The immense public interest these plays attracted feeds not least on the fundamental social structural change that was brought about by the establishment of standing armies. In his historico-cultural literary study, Tilman Venzl shows how these military dramas literarily depict complex social processes and discuss the new problems in an affirmative or critical manner. For the first time, the findings of the New Military History are comprehensively included in the literary history of the 18th century. Thus, the example of selected military dramas – including Lessing's Minna von Barnhelm and Lenz's Die Soldaten – reveals the entire range of variety characterizing the history of both form and function of the subject.

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