Charitable Activity of Bulgarians in the South of Ukraine (The Middle of the XIX Century – The Early XX Century)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-319
Author(s):  
Anna Hedo ◽  
Olha Kryhina
Keyword(s):  
Military Training ◽  
Board Of Trustees ◽  
The South ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Important Center ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Charitable Activities ◽  
First World ◽  
Southern Ukraine

Based on a comprehensive analysis of the materials of the State Archives of Odessa Region, periodicals, charters of Bulgarian charitable societies, reports of the Bulgarian Board of Trustees in Odessa, and scientific literature, the article comprehensively reflects the charitable activities of Bulgarians in the South of Ukraine in the mid-nineteenth – early twentieth century. The main attention in the research is paid to the creation and activity of the “Bulgarian Board of Trustees in Odessa”. Based on the information of the charter, the society’s reports and archival materials, the participation, status and nationality of the society’s benefactors, the directions of its activities, revenues and expenditures have been reproduced. The activities of the society were aimed at supporting Bulgarian Orthodox churches, providing scholarships to Bulgarian pupils, purchase and sending of church and secular literature to Bulgaria, translation and publication of books in Bulgarian. In the second half of the 1870s, the Board of Trustees allocated significant funds for the uniforms of Bulgarian volunteers, the formation of a militia of Bulgarians fleeing to Odessa after the Serbo-Turkish War and their military training in army regiments, the purchase of weapons, and assistance to soldiers. It is noted that the Board of Trustees became an important center of patronage and education and maintained ties with other charitable societies in the South of Ukraine, as well as with all-Russian and Bulgarian societies. Bulgaria’s position in the First World War led to the liquidation of all Bulgarian charitable societies in southern Ukraine by the imperial government. It is noted that Bulgarians were not co-opted into the society of Southern Ukraine and focused most of their efforts on helping Balkan compatriots, training teachers for Bulgarian schools, and not on the development of Bulgarian education in the South of Ukraine.

scholarly journals O. S. Kyrychuk, I.V. Orlevych. Lviv Stauropegian Institute (1788–1914s). The Role in the Socio-Political, Cultural and Religious Life of Ukrainians in Galicia. Lviv: Logos, 2018. 288 p.

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Yulia Shustova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Charitable Activities ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

The article reviews the monograph by Alexandra Kirichuk and Irina Orlevich, which examines the activities of the Lviv Stavropigi Institute. This organization played a significant role in the socio-political, religious, cultural, educational, scientific life of the Ukrainians in Galicia. It arose as a result of the reform of the Lvov Ukspensky Stavropigian brotherhood in 1788. The chronological framework of the work covers the period from the transformation of the Lvov brotherhood into the Stavropigian Institute in 1788 until the outbreak of the First World War. More than a century of the organization's activity is considered in the broadest context of the spheres of public life in Lviv and Western Ukraine. The study was written on the basis of sources that are diverse in their species structure. Most of the sources are archival documents and are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The authors gave a detailed description of the legal and financial foundations of the activities of the Lviv Stavropigi Institute. The monograph provides a description of the achievements and failures of the Lviv Stavropegia in different spheres of public life in different periods. – The authors examined in detail the national-political, church-religious, cultural, educational, publishing and charitable activities of Stavropigia. The monograph by О. Kirichuk and I. Orleviy is a significant contribution to the study of the history of one of the most important institutions in the Ukrainian lands in the last quarter of the 18th – early 20th centuries.

South Africa and Scotland in the First World War

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hyslop
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
British Empire ◽  
The South ◽  
Political Identities ◽  
South Africans ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Battle Of The Somme ◽  
First World

This chapter discusses the powerful and long-lasting impact Scottish military symbolism on the formation of military culture in South Africa. Drawing on the work of John MacKenzie and Jonathan Hyslop’s notion of ‘military Scottishness’, this chapter analyses how Scottish identity both interacted with the formation of political identities in South Africa, and ‘looped back’ to connect with changing forms of national identity in Scotland itself. In particular, it addresses how the South Africans’ heroic role at Delville Wood, during the Battle of the Somme, became a putative symbol of this racialised ‘South Africanism’. The South African Brigade included a battalion of so-called ‘South African Scottish’ which reflected the phenomenon of military Scottishness. Overall, the chapter looks at the way in which the representations of the role of the South African troops involved an interplay between British empire loyalism, white South African political identities, and Scottishness.

On the Fence, Over the Fence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Military Training ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

Given the significance of military training in shaping early archaeological practice, and the enthusiasm with which archaeologists have explored the remains of early conflict (from the Roman and medieval periods especially), it is surprising how long it has taken archaeologists to develop interest in more recent conflict. It seems to have taken the fiftieth anniversaries of the Second World War to inspire interest amongst professional archaeologists and across the heritage sector, following a longer history of amateur endeavour. This chapter briefly reviews these earlier histories of the subject, before focusing on some recent examples that illustrate the breadth of research and the opportunities it provides for public engagement. The role of anniversaries appears particularly relevant at the time of writing, with the centenary of the First World War. Alongside archaeological activities along the former Western Front, and in Jordan, an archaeological survey of the UK Home Front is under way.

scholarly journals NEAR DEATH IN THE STREETS OF KARIBIB: FAMINE, MIGRANT LABOUR AND THE COMING OF OVAMBO TO CENTRAL NAMIBIA

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN-BART GEWALD
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
World War ◽  
The South ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
South West Africa ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

Namibian politics and society are today dominated by people who trace their descent from the settlements and homesteads of Ovamboland in southern Angola and northern Namibia. Yet, prior to 1915, and the defeat by South Africa of the German colonial army in German South-West Africa, very few Ovambo had settled in areas to the south of the Etosha Pan. In 1915, a Portuguese expeditionary army defeated Kwanyama forces in southern Angola, and unleashed a flood of refugees into northern Namibia. These refugees entered an area that was already overstretched. Since 1912 the rains had failed and, on account of the First World War, trade and migration had come to a standstill. As a result the area was experiencing its most devastating famine ever. Unable to find sanctuary in Ovamboland, thousands of people trekked southwards into central Namibia, an area which had only just come under the control of South Africa. The famine allowed for the easy entrance of South African military administrators and labour recruiters into Ovamboland and heralded the demise of Ovambo independence. By focusing on developments in the central Namibian town of Karibib between 1915 to 1916, the article explores the move of the Ovambo into central and southern Namibia. It traces the impact of war and drought on Ovambo societies, and follows Ovambo famine migrants on their route south into areas administered by the South African military administration. Discussion also concentrates on the reception and treatment of Ovambo famine migrants in the Karibib settlement, and argues that the refugee crisis heralded the establishment of Ovambo in modern central and southern Namibia.

scholarly journals Organization of Charity and Philanthropy in Selenginsky District of the Trans-Baikal Region During the First World War: Interaction Between the Government and the Public

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sevostyanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Social Care ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Government ◽  
Charitable Activities ◽  
First World

The article considers the implementation of the policy of charity of families of mobilized in Selenga county; forms and rates of organization of urban and rural guardianship; creation, basic principles and forms of charitable activities of the Selenga County Commission of the regional Zabaikalsky Department of the Committee of Elizaveta Fyodorovna. The total number of charitable and Trustee associations was revealed. The main trends of social care after February 1917 are defined.

scholarly journals Primo Bartolini and the “Eye-talians” of Nashville: Becoming American in the Athens of the South

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-36
Author(s):  
Matteo Brera
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The South ◽  
The Public ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Italian American ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This essay describes how the Italians who settled in Nashville between the end of the nineteenth century and before the outburst of the First World War favoured first and foremost their occupational mobility thus prioritizing their integration in the economic fabric of a thriving city. Initially, they kept their cultural heritage alive but aimed to gain solid knowledge of the English language and American customs in order to apply for American citizenship as soon as possible, thus avoiding the severe discrimination endured by other Italian communities in southern states. Among the Italians of Nashville, Primo Bartolini stands out as a unique example of successful cultural and social hybridization and of the making of Italian American identity in Nashville and the South. Bartolini moved to Music City in 1908, after a short experience as a teacher in Indiana, and he was the first non-native of Tennessee to be drafted in 1917 to serve for his adoptive country during the First World War. A poet and a scholar, he wrote more than 300 poems on nostalgia, love, and patriotism. In these unpublished works, Bartolini shows how his identity progressively became Americanized: his writing style changed over time while still maintaining certain prosodic elements proper to his Italian culture and education. Bartolini’s experience, along with those of his compatriot who found their new home in Nashville, also confirms the integrating effect that the Great War had on Italians. Indeed, in the United States, a blend of old loyalties and the strong desire for acceptance and recognition drew the entire community into the public life of their adopted cities.

scholarly journals Political and social situation of Germans in the South of Kazakhstan during the First World War

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Apendiyev
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The South ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First World

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the South Kazakhstan region, namely Aulieata and Shymkent (Chernyaev) districts, was one of the main German settlements. These areas, which belong to the Syrdarya region of the Turkestan region, have been inhabited by Germans since the last quarter of the 19th century and are considered to be one of the main European ethnic groups. The Germans interacted with the local population and contributed to the development of ethno-demographic processes in the region. However, the development of such processes and the political and social life of the Germans had a negative impact on the First World War. At the beginning of the twentieth century, this war, which was a major international factor, created a great war between the empires, and it also divided the peoples. From the first days of the First World War, 1914-1918, relations between the Russian Empire and Germany were at war. This situation changed the political life of the Germans and the German community living in the Russian Empire. Such changes took place especially in the lives of German settlers in the European part of the empire. His main examples were the military persecution of Germans, the stigmatization of Germans in society, the establishment of chauvinistic attitudes among ethnic groups, and similar factors. In Russia, local Germans have been labeled "internal enemies." The fate of German communities in all regions of the Russian Empire was closely monitored in 1914-1918, and in general, since 1914, the fate of the Germans has been very constructive. At the same time, there is a legitimate question as to whether the situation in the Turkestan region is the same as in other regions of the Russian Empire. Similarly, the article raises questions about the situation of Germans in Shymkent and Aulieata districts of the Syrdarya region, and seeks answers in this regard. The article examines the political situation and social life of Germans in the South Kazakhstan region during the First World War. The main task of the article is to show the life of local Germans and their place in society. In addition, the political and social history of other peoples in the region will be considered.

scholarly journals «Dobrudzhan Catastrophy» as a reflection of Russian-Romanian military-political relations in summer–autumn period of 1916.

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
V. Soloviov
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The South ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
First World

Romania’s entry into the First World War was considered by Russian military-political leadership primarily from the point of view of its own military interests, without taking into account possible negative consequences and prospects of Russian-Romanian military cooperation. According to General Headquarters' estimations, Romanian army attacks in Transylvania, together with Thessaloniki Allied army actions, were to restrain considerable enemy forces and thus ensured the success of Russian army attacks. At the same time, in spite of the fiercest battles on the SWF, the enemy succeeded in forming two new armies in Transylvania by creating a qualitative and quantitative advantage against the 1st and the 2nd Romanian armies operating at this region. When in mid-September of 1916 the need for direct military assistance to Romanian army became obvious for General Alekseyev, who was the immediate Russian army commander, he did not have enough will to insist on his decision. Thus, the South-Western Front attack, which had lost its military significance by that time, was continued. As a result, the plan of military aid to Romania, embodied by General Headquarters, was essentially defensive, and included only indirect assistance, in the form of limited 9th Russian Army attacks from Northern Moldova, and a slight strengthening of the Dobrudzhan army. In addition to this, the incorrect assessment of the situation, both by Russian and Romanian military forces, was obvious. A long pause in enemy's activity in the south, caused by waiting for reinforcements, and enemy's activity in the north, instilled confidence that the main attack would come from there. As a result, all Romanian reserves from the South were transferred to the North, while the enemy struck in the South in Dobrudzh. When Russian General Headquarters realized the consequences of Chernovody-Constanza railway loss, it simply could not transfer Russian military reserves in time. Thus, the lack of coherence between Russian and Romanian sides and their allies, the pursuit of each side's selfish interests led to the loss of military initiative by the allies in Romania, which was completely transferred to the enemy.

scholarly journals “Civilization” and civilizational Evolution of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
Yuriy D. Granin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Social Imagination ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Alternative Type ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

The report analyzes the problem of the civilizational evolution of Russia on the basis of the use of a set of ideas of F.A. Tolstoy. Brodel, P. Sorokin, S. Eisenstadt, K. Jaspers, and other specialists. The content of the term “civilization” is discussed. “Civilization” is interpreted by the author as a socio-philosophical category to denote the diversity of cultural and his­torical types of development of economically and politically connected large communities of people and/or their aggregates (communities), subjectively and symbolically integrated into a relatively unified whole through historical and social imagination, cultural mean­ings, values and norms that serve as the cause, purpose and basis for the organization and functioning of these communities. This definition is concretized by revealing the dialectics of the relationship of social, cultural, cognitive and institutional components of “civiliza­tion” using the example of Russia in the historical range from Kievan Rus to the modern Russian Federation. The most important institutional factors in the formation and develop­ment of civilizations, their interaction and expansion over long distances were “universal States” – “kingdoms” and “empires”. Studying the formation and development of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire and the USSR, the author comes to the conclusion that historically these political forms had several civilizational embodiments: the “Orthodox civilization” of the Moscow Kingdom (XVI–XVII centuries), the “civiliza­tional pseudo-morphosis” of the Romanov Empire in the XVIII and mid-XIX century, the “hybrid modern civilization” of Russia on the eve of the First World War, and the “Soviet civilization”, which represented an alternative type of modern (industrial and value-seman­tic) development to the West. Modern Russia, of course, inherits it. But it doesnʼt have a meta-ideology that unites peoples, and it doesnʼt have claims, like the United States, to global dominance. Rather, it is a civilizational hybrid, fancifully combining elements of the archaic, Soviet past and Western modernity.

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