scholarly journals (SELF-MANAGED) URBAN RESILIENCE AND MASS SOCIAL HOUSING

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Evandro Holz
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Face ◽  
Project Phases ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The City

The outlook on urban resilience has gone through significant evolution. Its concept has been broadened from an emphasis on endurance of functions, through a focus on adaptability of systems, towards transformative capabilities in the face of uncertainty of events. Most notably, new visions acknowledge both short-term ‘shocks’ (e.g. hurricanes) and longer-term ‘stresses’ (e.g. inequality), recognising crises as intrinsic to the complexities of the world we live in, and actually necessary for our progress. To encompass the uneven and unpredictable circumstances we experience, it is essential that we acknowledge the empowerment of citizens, along with their tangible and intangible assets (e.g. infrastructure and education, respectively), as the main drivers of change (which I refer to as ‘self-managed resilience’). Social housing programmes present a great opportunity to build on this new perspective on resilience. They allow the transformation of a set of issues (including shocks, e.g. natural disaster, and stresses, e.g. poverty) into an opportunity to embrace change and evolve from it. However, they often cause a big disruption in the city fabric and, in the long-term, even replicate the problems beneficiaries faced before it. This article shows how the application of new urban resilience perspectives in social housing, particularly via self-managed practices, can minimize the occurrence of these issues. Drawing on experiences in Brazil, it describes the positive effects in social, economic and environmental resilience derived from beneficiaries’ engagement in all project phases. Moreover, it provides a forward-looking conclusion including recommendations to further improve self-managed resilience and housing practices. Key words: urban resilience, self-managed housing, social housing

scholarly journals Urban resilience in the face of fossil fuel dependency: the case of Rio de Janeiro’s urban mobility

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Aprigliano Fernandes ◽  
Rainer Rothfuss ◽  
Volker Hochschild ◽  
Marcelino Aurelio Vieira da Silva ◽  
William Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Geographical Scope

Abstract Long-term scenarios for mobility within cities usually neglect the energy supply challenge and how the implied risks affect urban mobility services. High levels of private transport and fossil fuel dependency tend to prevail in urban agglomerations of modern cities in many parts of the world. The resilience approach supports a new perspective on transportation solutions, not only based on how to consume less energy or emit less CO2, but how vulnerable urban mobility is in face of a fossil threat. This paper aims to assess the vulnerability of urban mobility in the face of fossil fuel threats under a social and geographical scope. We apply a case study with the city of Rio de Janeiro, confronting city inhabitants with a price increase of gasoline and oil-based public transportation. We found that more than 50% of the districts of Rio de Janeiro presents low-medium or low level of resilience of urban mobility. Furthermore, they are in areas with lower accessibility to metro stations and more citizens with reduced income levels.

WHAT CAME FIRST, TRANSPORTATION OR URBANIZATION?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIE-YING LIU ◽  
CHI-WEI SU ◽  
MENG QIN ◽  
XIAO-YAN ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Matching Theory ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Traffic Planning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Urbanization In China ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Perspective

This paper proposes new perspective on the nexus between transportation and urbanization in China to test the search-matching theory. We find that the linkage between transportation and urbanization has both frequency and time-varying features. We find that transportation improves urbanization in the short term, while urbanization plays the importation role in transportation during the period 1969–1996. This result obviously supports search-matching theory that in the subsample periods, the transportation infrastructure exerts positive effects on urbanization in the short term but not in the long term. In the long term, urbanization will promote the development of transportation, while short-term traffic infrastructure investment can effectively improve the transfer of population to urban regions. It would be beneficial for the government to formulate the scientific traffic planning policy and adjust the transport structure to improve urbanization.

Graduate Medical Education in Otolaryngology: Making Dollars and Sense of Reform

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110042
Author(s):  
Jenny X. Chen ◽  
Shivani A. Shah ◽  
Vinay K. Rathi ◽  
Mark A. Varvares ◽  
Stacey T. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Graduate Medical Education ◽  
Resident Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Graduate Medical ◽  
Departmental Leadership ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The Face ◽  
Funding Cuts

Graduate medical education (GME) is funded by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services through both direct and indirect payments. In recent years, stakeholders have raised concerns about the growth of spending on GME and distribution of payment among hospitals. Key stakeholders have proposed reforms to reduce GME funding such as adjustments to statutory payment formulas and absolute caps on annual payments per resident. Otolaryngology departmental leadership should understand the potential effects of proposed reforms, which could have significant implications for the short-term financial performance and the long-term specialty workforce. Although some hospitals and departments may elect to reduce resident salaries or eliminate positions in the face of GME funding cuts, this approach overlooks the substantial Medicare revenue contributed by resident care and high cost of alternative labor sources. Commitment to resident training is necessary to align both the margin and mission of otolaryngology departments and their sponsoring hospitals.

scholarly journals Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Barbara Frączek ◽  
Aleksandra Pięta ◽  
Adrian Burda ◽  
Paulina Mazur-Kurach ◽  
Florentyna Tyrała
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.

scholarly journals Short-term and long-term international scientific mobility of Italian PhDs: An analysis by gender

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Valentina Tocchioni ◽  
Alessandra Petrucci ◽  
Alessandra Minello
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Early Career ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Academic Mobility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Brain

In the last years, there has been a large increase in high-educated and high-skilled people’s mobility as a consequence of the internationalization and globalization, the weakening of research and university systems of sending countries (the “brain drain” process), the increase in skilled demand and improvements in higher education of host countries (the “brain gain” process). At the micro-level, academic mobility has positive consequences on occupational prospects and careers of researchers, both in the short- and long- run. Nevertheless, numerous research studies have demonstrated the challenges of engaging in international academic mobility for people with caring responsibilities, particularly women. Using Italian data on occupational conditions of PhDs collected in 2018 by Istat and modelling multinomial logistic regression analyses, we intend to verify if female researchers are associated with a lower international mobility irrespective their field of study, and the extent to which gender interacts differently in the various fields of study in affecting the probability of moving abroad after PhD qualification. Also, the distinction between long-term and short-term mobility, which has been mainly neglected in the literature concentrating on longer stays, has taken into account. In this respect, short-term mobility is a potentially high-value investment that may be pursued also by those researchers and scientists who cannot move for longer periods, such as women with caring responsibilities. In the literature, it is acknowledged that an experience abroad during early career may have positive effects on future occupational prospects. With our work, we intend to shed light on potential disparities on moving abroad that may exist among researchers in their early career by gender, and which could contribute to leave behind women in academia.

Changes in Hospitalization for Ischemic Heart Disease After the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake: 10 Years of Data in a Population of 300,000

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisen Huang ◽  
Dejia Huang ◽  
Dingxiu He ◽  
Joris van Loenhout ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sichuan Earthquake ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Incidence Of Hospitalization ◽  
The City

AbstractObjectiveThe effects of earthquakes on ischemic heart disease (IHD) have often been reported. At a population level, this study examined short-term (60-day) and long-term (5-year) hospitalization events for IHD after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.MethodsWe examined the 10-year medical hospitalization records on IHD in the city of Deyang provided by the Urban Employee Basic Health Insurance program.ResultsEvaluation of 19,083 hospitalizations showed a significantly lower proportional number and cost of hospitalizations in the 60 days after the earthquake (P<0.001). Hospitalizations were 27.81% lower than would have been expected in a normal year; costs were 32.53% lower. However, in the 5 years after the earthquake, the age-adjusted annual incidence of hospitalization increased significantly (P<0.001). In the fifth year after the earthquake, it was significantly higher in the extremely hard-hit area than in the hard-hit area (P<0.01).ConclusionAfter the 2008 earthquake, short- and long-term patterns of hospitalization for IHD changed greatly, but in different ways. Our findings suggest that medical resources for IHD should be distributed dynamically over time after an earthquake. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:203–210)

‘Don’t call the police on me, I won’t call them on you’: self-policing as ethical development in North Manchester

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Smith
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
Ethical Development ◽  
Urban Violence ◽  
The Face ◽  
The City

This chapter explores self-policing of urban violence in Harpurhey, Manchester. Arguing that ethical decision-making is practiced regularly in the process of policing the actions and behaviours of others. The author addresses the questions of, what does self-policing in the city actually look like? How does one determine what one ‘ought’ to do in the face of illegal or unethical actions in this part of the city? It concludes by arguing that the act of judgment of the behaviours and actions of others, and the assessment of where, when and whether or not to draw upon the services of the state to fulfill the role of policing, suggest that self-policing is not simply an outcome of neoliberal ideologies of self-management, but is an ethical engagement with the quotidian aspects of everyday life on this Manchester social housing estate.

15. Democracies, Democratization, and Authoritarian Regimes

2020 ◽  
pp. 336-362
Author(s):  
Peter Ferdinand
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Crisis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Democracy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Long Term Trends

This chapter focuses on democracies, democratization, and authoritarian regimes. It first considers the two main approaches to analysing the global rise of democracy over the last thirty years: first, long-term trends of modernization, and more specifically economic development, that create preconditions for democracy and opportunities for democratic entrepreneurs; and second, the sequences of more short-term events and actions of key actors at moments of national crisis that have precipitated a democratic transition — also known as ‘transitology’. The chapter proceeds by discussing the different types of democracy and the strategies used to measure democracy. It also reviews the more recent literature on authoritarian systems and why they persist. Finally, it examines the challenges that confront democracy in the face of authoritarian revival.

scholarly journals The "Sting" of Vancouver's Better Housing "Spree", 1919–1949

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Jill Wade
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Financial Hardship ◽  
Housing Program ◽  
Housing Scheme ◽  
The City ◽  
National Housing

Contrary to other accounts of the 1919 national housing program, this article examines the plan's long-term history using Vancouver as a case study. It argues that a basic structural flaw in the local Better Housing Scheme created financial hardship for the City of Vancouver as well as for mortgagors during the depression. The burden of mortgage repayment that fell to the city discouraged it from participating in other housing initiatives in the 1930s and 1940s. Still, the labour, women's, and veterans' organizations that supported the scheme represented the beginnings of Vancouver's social housing movement that matured in the late 1930s and achieved significant improvements in residential conditions in the 1940s.

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