scholarly journals THE USE OF HYBRID VEHICLES AS A PROPOSAL FOR REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 07
Author(s):  
C. A. R. De Carvalho ◽  
W. Q. Lamas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Global Concern

The problems related to energy consumption and pollutant emissions for thetransport sector represent a major global concern regarding climate changes caused by greenhouse gases, directly related to the increased level of gas emissions from fossil fuels , the main one being carbon dioxide. One way tominimize this problem is through the introduction of new technologies. Hybrid cars are one of the new technology options that has the main advantage of reducing fuel consumption and therefore reducing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. This paper gives an introduction to hybrid vehicles, with the aim of presenting their main advantages and evaluate their impact on emissions of CO2 in the Brazilian fleet, compared to conventional vehicles.

Technologies for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Fossil Fuels

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Audus ◽  
Paul Freund
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
And Storage

In recent years, the possibility of climate change has begun to be considered seriously. Options available today can help reduce emissions at relatively little overall cost but may be able to achieve only moderate reductions. If it becomes necessary to reduce emissions further, it is likely there will be opportunities for new technologies as well as making greater use of existing ones. Bearing in mind the time required to develop and deploy new energy supply technologies on a large-scale, it is only sensible to adopt a precautionary stance. This requires better understanding of the potential of technologies not yet in widespread use and stimulation of the development and deployment of promising ones. The EEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme is working to improve understanding of technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. This is an example of effective co-operative action between different countries and industries. Membership is worldwide; through this work, members are able to learn about new technologies and share experiences. This paper reviews the work of the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme. The established options for reducing emissions include improving energy efficiency, substitution of lower-carbon fuels for high-carbon fuels, and introduction of alternative energy sources. If deep reductions in emissions are required, discussion tends to focus on alternatives to fossil fuels even though the latter provide a very large proportion of the energy used today. To avoid disruptive changes, the world will need to be able to continue using fossil fuels but in a climate-friendly way. Capture and storage of carbon dioxide could deliver deep reductions in emissions from fossil fuels but the technology is still in its infancy — this is the subject of on-going work by the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme. Enhancement of natural sinks, such as forests, could also help by sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide. Use of biomass for power generation has also been examined to see how it compares as a large-scale mitigation option compared with capture and storage. Methane is another important greenhouse gas, produced by many human activities. Technology can help reduce emissions of methane; examples of some of these technologies will be described. The mechanism of Activities Implemented Jointly is potentially important for application of all of these options and the Greenhouse Gas Programme is working to improving understanding about viable options and methods of delivering successful projects.

REDUCING THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THE OPERATION OF GAS FIRED MELTING FURNACES ON THE ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luboslav Straka ◽  
Tibor Krenicky
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Overall Efficiency

Due to the growing production on a global scale, the use of fossil fuels is also increasing. Therefore, the control of pollutant emissions produced in the industrial sphere has become a global concern. In general, an imperfect combustion process has a negative impact on the overall efficiency and economy of plant operation, but at the same time increases the share of total emissions in the environment. We also encounter this problem when operating gas fired melting furnaces. Therefore, the paper aimed to describe the results of experimental measurements of the number of emissions produced during the operation of a gas fired melting furnace, which in practice is mainly used for melting alloys. Experimental measurements were oriented to find the most suitable variant of the operating mode of the gas fired melting furnace with regard to minimizing the total amount of emissions produced.

DOI Theoretical Framework

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-166
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Structured Means

Change is not easy! People adhere to old routines and habits tenaciously. Most people are slow to accept new ideas, new products, in short, innovations. When it comes to new technologies that can aid in adaptation to climate change, there is fierce resistance from farmers (to sustainable agriculture), from the fossil fuels industries (to sustainable energy), from developers (to going green), and the list goes on. While a new technology does involve a certain investment of time and money at first, it is cost effective and profitable in the long term. When it comes to sustainability, nothing less than the future of our planet is at stake, so it is incumbent upon us to find a way to “sell” the innovations to the masses. The Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) Theoretical Framework provides an effective, structured means of doing this; its efficacy has been established for hundreds of innovations, and it is particularly suited to technologies.

Comparison of time series approaches for prediction of energy consumption focusing on greenhouse gases emission in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-499
Author(s):  
Maryam Doroodi ◽  
Alireza Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Double Exponential ◽  
Double Exponential Smoothing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to predict the amount of energy consumption by using a suitable statistical method in some sectors and energy carriers, which has shown a significant correlation with greenhouse gas emissions. Design/methodology/approach After studying the correlation between energy consumption rates in different sectors of energy consumption and some energy carriers with greenhouse gas distribution (CO2, SO2, NOX and SPM), the most effective factors on pollution emission will be first identified and then predicted for the next 20 years (2015 to 2004). Furthermore, to determine the appropriate method for forecasting, two approaches titled “trend analysis” and “double exponential smoothing” will be applied on data, collected from 1967 to 2014, and their capabilities in anticipating will be compared to each other contributing MSD, MAD, MAPE indices and also the actual and projected time series comparison. After predicting the energy consumption in the sectors and energy carriers, the growth rate of consumption in the next 20 years is also calculated. Findings Correlation study shows that four energy sectors (industry sector, agriculture, transportation and household-general-commercial) and two energy carriers (electricity and natural gas) have shown remarkable correlation with greenhouse gas emissions. To predict the energy consumption in mentioned sectors and carriers, it is proven that double exponential smoothing method is more capable in predicting. The study shows that among the demand sectors, the industry will account for the highest consumption rate. Electricity will experience the highest rate among the energy careers. In fact, producing this amount of electricity causes emissions of greenhouse gases. Research limitations/implications Access to the data and categorized data was one of the main limitations. Practical implications By identifying the sectors and energy carriers that have the highest consumption growth rate in the next 20 years, it can be said that greenhouse gas emissions, which show remarkable correlation with these sectors and carriers, will also increase dramatically. So, their stricter control seems to be necessary. On the other hand, to control a particular greenhouse gas, it is possible to focus on the amount of energy consumed in the sectors and carriers that have a significant correlation with this pollutant. These results will lead to more targeted policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Social implications The tendency of communities toward industrialization along with population growth will doubtlessly lead to more consumption of fossil fuels. An immediate aftermath of burning fuels is greenhouse gas emission resulting in destructive effects on the environment and ecosystems. Identifying the factors affecting the pollutants resulted from consumption of fossil fuels is significant in controlling the emissions. Originality/value Such analyses help policymakers make more informed and targeted decisions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and make safer and more appropriate policies and investment.

scholarly journals Centrifugal separation of liquid carbon dioxide from natural gas

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Veselin Batalovic ◽  
Dusan Danilovic ◽  
Marija Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Centrifugal Separation ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Liquid Carbon ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Global Energy Consumption

Natural gas is becoming more and more a commodity in the global energy consumption. New technologies like the conversion from gas to liquid, contribute to this. But more than 16 % of the currently known global gas reserves cannot be produced due to severe CO2 and/or H2S contamination: (CO2 > 10% and H2S> 5%). The traditional technology of amine treatment is not able to economically remove these contaminants. The objective of this article is to investigate the possibilities of centrifugal separation to resolve the problem. After analyzing the existing situation, in the centrifugal separation of natural gas, some innovations in separators design and theory are suggested. The aim of the presented theoretical considerations is that the complex theory of separation to adapt to the needs of engineers engaged on the design, development and operation of these devices.

It’s Not My Fault: Global Warming and Individual Moral Obligations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Main Culprit ◽  
The Rich

To make the issue stark, let us begin with a few assumptions. I believe that these assumptions are probably roughly accurate, but none is certain, and I will not try to justify them here. Instead, I will simply take them for granted for the sake of argument. First, global warming has begun and is likely to increase over the next century. We cannot be sure exactly how much or how fast, but hot times are coming. Second, a significant amount of global warming is due to human activities. The main culprit is fossil fuels. Third, global warming will create serious problems for many people over the long term by causing climate changes, including violent storms, floods from sea-level rises, droughts, heat waves, and so on. Millions of people will probably be displaced or die. Fourth, the poor will be hurt most of all. The rich countries are causing most of the global warming, but they will be able to adapt to climate changes more easily. Poor countries that are close to sea level might be devastated. Fifth, governments, especially the biggest and richest ones, are able to mitigate global warming They can impose limits on emissions. They can require or give incentives for increased energy efficiency. They can stop deforestation and fund reforestation. They can develop ways to sequester carbon dioxide in oceans or underground. These steps will help, but the only long-run solution lies in alternatives to fossil fuels. These alternatives can be found soon if governments start massive research projects now. Sixth, it is too late to stop global warming. Because there is so much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere already, because carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere for so long, and because we will remain dependent on fossil fuels in the near future, governments can slow down global warming or reduce its severity, but they cannot prevent it. Hence, governments need to adapt. They need to build sea walls. They need to reinforce houses that cannot withstand storms. They need to move populations from low-lying areas.

The End of Meat

World on Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Mark Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Eating Meat ◽  
Very High

The edge required by renewable technologies is provided by a simplification of the energy supply train. This simplification consists in no longer eating animals. Animals have upside-down energy returned on energy invested values (EROIs), with up to 30 times as much energy having to be put into raising them as we get out of them through eating them or their products. At one time, when our fossil fuels sported extraordinarily high EROIs—100:1 in some cases—we could afford to take this sort of hit on our food-based energy supply. Now, however, we can no longer afford to do so. Moreover, the results of this grossly inefficient energy exchange are rising greenhouse gas emissions. By no longer eating meat, we can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by roughly 14%. Importantly, much of this reduction will be in methane and nitrous dioxide, which have very high global warming potential relative to carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Reduction of CO2 Emissions Due to Energy Use in Crete-Greece

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Heating Oil ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Negative Growth

Use of fossil fuels in modern societies results in CO2 emissions which, together with other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, increase environmental degradation and climate changes. Carbon dioxide emissions in a society are strongly related with energy consumption and economic growth, being influenced also from energy intensity, population growth, crude oil and CO2 prices as well as the composition of energy mix and the percentage of renewable energies in it.The last years in Greece, the severe economic crisis has affected all sectors of the economy, has reduced the available income of the citizens and has changed the consumers’ behavior including the consumption of energy in all the activities. Analysis of the available data in the region of Crete over the period 2007-2013 has shown a significant decrease of energy consumption and CO2 emissions due to energy use by 25.90% compared with the reduction of national G.D.P. per capita over the same period by 25.45% indicating the coupling of those emissions with the negative growth of the economy. Carbon dioxide emissions per capita in Crete in 2013 are estimated at 4.96 tons. Main contributors of those emissions in the same year were electricity generation from fuel and heating oil by 64.85%, heating sector by 3.23% and transportation by 31.92%.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Ironmaking and Development of a Novel Flash Technology

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yong Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Furnace Process ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Process Energy ◽  
Iron Ore Concentrate

The issues of energy consumption and CO2 emissions of major ironmaking processes, including several new technologies, are assessed. These two issues are interconnected in that the production and use of fuels to generate energy add to the total amount of CO2 emissions and the efforts to sequester or convert CO2 require energy. The amounts of emissions and energy consumption in alternate ironmaking processes are compared with those for the blast furnace, currently the dominant ironmaking process. Although more than 90% of iron production is currently through the blast furnace, intense efforts are devoted to developing alternative technologies. Recent developments in alternate ironmaking processes, which are largely driven by the needs to decrease CO2 emissions and energy consumption, are discussed in this article. This discussion will include the description of the recently developed novel flash ironmaking technology. This technology bypasses the cokemaking and pelletization/sintering steps, which are pollution prone and energy intensive, by using iron ore concentrate. This transformational technology renders large energy saving and decreased CO2 emissions compared with the blast furnace process. Economic analysis indicated that this new technology, when operated using natural gas, would be economically feasible. As a related topic, we will also discuss different methods for computing process energy and total energy requirements in ironmaking.

scholarly journals Maximizing the Productivity of a Gas Melting Furnace with Regard to the Ecological Efficiency of its Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Ľuboslav Straka ◽  
Ján Piteľ ◽  
Peter Michalík ◽  
Matej Hrabčák
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Melting Cycle ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Combustion Systems

AbstractDue to the implementation of environmental regulations and the continual tightening up of the limits for pollutants in combustion systems, we are being forced to pay more attention to this area. A significant source of pollutants originating from the industry is, in particular, the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in combustion systems with air intake. The control of pollutant emissions has become a global concern due to the worldwide increase in the use of fossil fuels. Besides the fact that the insufficient combustion process has a significant share of emissions in the environment, it also reduces the overall efficiency and economy of the operation using this energy source. We encounter this problem also in the operation of gas melting furnaces. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to describe the results of experimental measurements of the amount of emissions produced during the gas melting furnace KOV 010/1998 operation, which is in practice predominantly used for the melting of Aluminium alloys. Experimental measurements were performed to design the most appropriate operating mode variant of the melting furnace with regard to maximizing its productivity and at the same time to minimizing the total amount of emissions produced during one melting cycle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document