EFFECT OF WORKING RANGE ON PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS OF HARVESTING MACHINES IN A EUCALYPTUS STAND

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Diane Janaine Ruthes ◽  
Eduardo Da Silva Lopes ◽  
Carla Krulikowski Rodrigues ◽  
Matheus Kaminski Candido Da Silva ◽  
Ranielle Camilo Canesso
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
Wood Extraction ◽  
Work Cycle

Wood harvesting should be planned to reduce environmental impacts by minimizing machine traffic, increase productivity and reduce costs. In this context, the aim of this study was evaluate the effect of working range on operational performance of a harvester and forwarder in a Eucalyptus saligna stand under a clear cutting regime. The study was carried out in Paraná State, Brazil, in a cut‐to‐length system in cutting and wood extraction operations in two working ranges: T1 - width of 12 m with a cut of four planting lines; and T2 - width of 18 m with a cut of six planting lines. A time and motion study was performed to determine work cycle times, productivity, production costs, and machine traffic, with working ranges compared by the t-test (α = 0.05) for independent samples. The results showed that the wood processing and loading elements consumed the longest operating cycle time in cutting and wood extraction. The harvester machine presented higher productivity (61.05 m³ PMH0-1) in the T1 working range, while the forwarder was superior (48.32 m³ PMH0-1) in the T2 working range. Regarding the wood harvesting system, it was observed that the T2 working range enabled a reduction of 1% in production costs, which is important when considering the large scale production of the company, while there was a 33.4% reduction in traffic. Therefore, an increase in machines’ working range can provide operational and environmental benefits to wood harvesting operations in forest plantations.

scholarly journals Influence of bifurcation on thinning, productivity and harvester production costs of Pinus taeda L.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1259-1263
Author(s):  
Carlos Cézar Cavassin Diniz ◽  
Romano Timofeiczyk Junior ◽  
Renato Gonçalves Robert ◽  
Eduardo da Silva Lopes ◽  
João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Operational Cycle ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

In this work, we present that how bifurcation in Pinus trees can influence productivity and harvester production costs. Our example draws from one harvesting machine that works in thinning operations in forest plantations of Pinus taeda L. in a small Brazilian forestry company. To get daily productivity, we use the machine’s system, which provides such daily information as total production. We also used a time and motion study to obtain the meantime to cut, delimb, and process the tree stem into logs. In this way, we separated the normal trees from the forked trees to get the operating cycle time of the machine and get the productivity to the two types of trees. The continuous timing method was used for this purpose. The results show an increase of up to 22.9% in the operational cycle time for cutting forked trees, resulting in reduction of productivity of 5.58 m³ for each hour worked. The production cost increased by 23.3% on operation of forked trees, as the machine took more time to perform the partial activities of the operational cycle. This study can help many companies and contractors to calculate the appropriate productivity and production harvest cost according to the type of tree stems from the plantation forest.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL TREE VOLUME ON OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF HARVESTER PROCESSOR

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Carla Krulikowski Rodrigues ◽  
Eduardo Da Silva Lopes ◽  
André Leonardo Nasser Pereira ◽  
Jean Alberto Sampietro
Keyword(s):  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Operational Cycle ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Individual

The need to obtain multi-products from the forest makes the wood processing an important step in the timber harvest, being necessary, then, to understand the influence of the stand characteristics on the operational performance of the machines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the individual tree volume on the operational performance of the harvester forest processor in Pinus taeda L. stands, in order to assist in planning operations and reducing production costs. The analyzes were carried out by means of a time and motion study, determining the time consumed in the phases of the operational cycle, mechanical availability, operational efficiency, productivity, and production costs in three stands with different individual mean volumes (IMV): I (1.21 m3 tree-1); II (1.34 m3 tree-1) and III (1.61 m3 tree-1). In a completely randomized design, the averages of the variables were compared, as well as models for estimating productivity and production costs were fitted according to individual tree volume. The results showed that the processing element consumed a significant part of the total operational cycle time, with 46, 53 and 64% in treatments I, II and III, respectively, with an average operational efficiency of 56% in all treatments. Productivity increase and reduction of production costs were observed in the order of 43 and 30%, respectively, with the increase in IMV from 1.21 to 1.61 m3 tree-1. Such behavior can be represented by the third degree polynomial, which demonstrated the operational limit of 1.5 m3 tree-1 for the harvester forest processor.

scholarly journals Bioreactor Operating Strategies for Improved Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Productivity

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Blunt ◽  
David Levin ◽  
Nazim Cicek
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Continuous Bioreactor ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
High Production ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Industrial Scale Production

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising biodegradable polymers that may alleviate some of the environmental burden of petroleum-derived polymers. The requirements for carbon substrates and energy for bioreactor operations are major factors contributing to the high production costs and environmental impact of PHAs. Improving the process productivity is an important aspect of cost reduction, which has been attempted using a variety of fed-batch, continuous, and semi-continuous bioreactor systems, with variable results. The purpose of this review is to summarize the bioreactor operations targeting high PHA productivity using pure cultures. The highest volumetric PHA productivity was reported more than 20 years ago for poly(3-hydroxybutryate) (PHB) production from sucrose (5.1 g L−1 h−1). In the time since, similar results have not been achieved on a scale of more than 100 L. More recently, a number fed-batch and semi-continuous (cyclic) bioreactor operation strategies have reported reasonably high productivities (1 g L−1 h−1 to 2 g L−1 h−1) under more realistic conditions for pilot or industrial-scale production, including the utilization of lower-cost waste carbon substrates and atmospheric air as the aeration medium, as well as cultivation under non-sterile conditions. Little development has occurred in the area of fully continuously fed bioreactor systems over the last eight years.

scholarly journals Technical-Economic Analysis of Grapple Saw

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Hideaki Miyajima ◽  
Paulo Torres Fenner ◽  
Gislaine Cristina Batistela ◽  
Danilo Simões
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method

The processing of Eucalyptus logs is a stage that follows the full tree system in mechanized forest harvesting, commonly performed by grapple saw. Therefore, this activity presents some associated uncertainties, especially regarding technical and silvicultural factors that can affect productivity and production costs. To get around this problem, Monte Carlo simulation can be applied, or rather a technique that allows to measure the probabilities of values from factors that are under conditions of uncertainties, to which probability distributions are attributed. The objective of this study was to apply the Monte Carlo method for determining the probabilistic technical-economical coefficients of log processing using two different grapple saw models. Field data were obtained from an area of forest planted with Eucalyptus, located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. For the technical analysis, the time study protocol was applied by the method of continuous reading of the operational cycle elements, which resulted in production. As for the estimated cost of programmed hour, the applied methods were recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The incorporation of the uncertainties was carried out by applying the Monte Carlo simulation method, by which 100,000 random values were generated. The results showed that the crane empty movement is the operational element that most impacts the total time for processing the logs; the variables that most influence the productivity are specific to each grapple saw model; the difference of USD 0.04 m3 in production costs was observed between processors with gripping area of 0.58 m2 and 0.85 m2. The Monte Carlo method proved to be an applicable tool for mechanized wood harvesting for presenting a range of probability of occurrences for the operational elements and for the production cost.

Computer Based Expert System for Rotating Machinery: Preventive and Predictive Maintenance

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Adawi S. El-Mitwally ◽  
M. A. Rayan ◽  
N. H. Mostafa ◽  
Yehia M. Enab
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Rotating Machinery ◽  
Predictive Maintenance ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Parameters Of Interest

Abstract At the present time, the maintenance of the equipment becomes an essential task for any production system. This task is becoming more important from both the quantity and the quality points of view, particularly in developing countries. Initiating a maintenance system controlled by the computer will be valuable and effective. The developed expert system is a combination of an intelligent inference engine matched with a database of information. This system will enable the operator to spot instantaneously the parameters of interest. The expert maintenance system will be designed to perform preventive maintenance tasks and detects faults/failure during the operating cycle. Predictive maintenance enables the operator to minimize the shut down time of faulty equipment and hence increases the productivity. Furthermore, the system will minimize the probable human faults and reduce production costs.

scholarly journals Consumers’ Attitudes Facing Entomophagy: Polish Case Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Orkusz ◽  
Wioletta Wolańska ◽  
Joanna Harasym ◽  
Arkadiusz Piwowar ◽  
Magdalena Kapelko
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
Edible Insect ◽  
Meat Substitute ◽  
Willingness To Adopt ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Insects As Food

Based on high nutritional value and low production costs, edible insects are an excellent and sustainable source of animal proteins. However, completely replacing meat with edible insects requires a change in consumer mentality not only in Poland, but also in other European countries. In western countries, most people reject eating insects, mainly for cultural reasons. Concerning this, the objective of the study was to examine the knowledge, behavior, and attitudes of the Polish community about edible insects and to understand the main factors driving edible insect consumption. The study was held at the Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Poland and consisted of two parts: The survey (among 464 students) and the tasting session (among 402 participants). The main findings suggest that there is low willingness to adopt edible insects as a meat substitute among Polish students due to the psychological barriers, such as neophobia and disgust. However, the willingness to eat processed insect food (bread, biscuit) is far higher than for unprocessed whole insects. Environmental benefits are the factors that least affected students’ willingness to try edible insects. Additionally, the tasting session of the bread with powdered insects was attended by the vast majority of participants, which indicates that a positive sensory experience can improve the acceptability of insects as food.

scholarly journals Economic, Agronomic, and Environmental Benefits From the Adoption of Precision Agriculture Technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Koutsos ◽  
Georgios Menexes
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Farming Efficiency ◽  
Lower Production

Precision agriculture (PA) as an integrated information- and production-based farming system is designed to delivery high-end technology solutions to increase farm production efficiency and profitability while minimizing environmental impacts on the ecosystems and the environment. PA technologies are technology innovations that incorporate recent advances in modern agriculture providing evidence for lower production costs, increased farming efficiency and reduced impacts. However, the adoption of the precision agriculture technologies has encountered difficulties such as additional application or management costs and investment on new equipment and trained employees. Some of these PA technologies were proven efficient, providing tangible benefits with lower costs and as a result they quickly gained scientific interest. To investigate further the economic, agronomic, and environmental benefits from the adoption of PA technologies a systematic review was conducted, based on the systematic search and evaluation of related eligible articles.

Research of Complex Plate-Type Cam Processing Based on MasterCAM

2011 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
pp. 625-629
Author(s):  
Ling Liu ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Plate Type ◽  
Lower Production

Because of cam transmited the specificity of force and motion,they are widely used in various machinery campaigns equipment and automatic control device in order to implement the movement of all kinds laws.This article introduced the research status and prospect of plate-type cam.MasterCAM served as a platform,to use their CAD capabilities and a mathematic analytic method to complete the parametric design of non-circular cam curve.Using the solid modeling completed the modeling function of cam.Using CAM functions of MasterCAM completed automatic generation of tool path,virtual simulation process and automatic generation of NC code.The design of the cam and CNC machining,high efficiency,sophisticated features that will help improve the manufacture of the cam quality,shorten product development cycles,lower production costs has a significant role for the formation of industrial scale production has great significance.

scholarly journals Developments in the Romanian Forestry and its Linkages with other Sectors

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Vasile ABRUDAN ◽  
Viorel MARINESCU ◽  
Ovidiu IONESCU ◽  
Florin IORAS ◽  
Sergiu Andrei HORODNIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Forest Ownership ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Large Protected Areas ◽  
Management Functions

The evolution of the forestry sector in the last two decades in Romania has been significantly influenced by the post 1989 political and economic changes, forest restitution and the European Union accession process. Based on the analysis of forestry statistics, legislation and institutional changes this paper underlines the main developments in the forestry sector in the last twenty years and the linkages with other sectors that had an impact on its development. The significant change in forest ownership (based on which 45% of the Romanian forest is nowadays in non-state hands), the unprecedented re-organisation of the forest sector through the institutional separation of the regulatory, control and forest management functions, the changes in forest administration (including the establishment of more than 110 private forest districts) and the full privatisation of the wood harvesting and processing sector complemented by foreign investments have shaped the forest sector development in a context in which the forest resource remained almost unchanged. Major developments have been recorded in the establishment and management of large protected areas as National Forest Administration Romsilva is currently administrating 22 national and nature parks. Both positive and negative interactions of forestry with environmental protection, wood processing, agriculture, rural development, road infrastructure and tourism sectors have also impacted the evolution of the forest sector. Development policy options recommended by authors include among others the strengthening of the public authority responsible for forestry, reorganisation of the state forest administration and supporting the access of forest owners to the national and EU funding and compensation schemes for forestry.

Assorted wood harvesting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Mehrencev ◽  
Vasiliy Azarenok ◽  
Eduard Gerc
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Power Equipment ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Machine Systems

The tutorial shows the possibility and feasibility of varietal wood harvesting using various machine systems, including harvester — forwarder complexes. The main forestry and technological parameters of various logging operations, their technological features and scope are also considered. It is intended for bachelors and undergraduates of higher educational institutions studying in the areas of Forestry", "technology of logging and wood processing industries", postgraduates of full-time and part-time training in the areas of "Forestry", "Biological Sciences", "Technologies, means of mechanization and power equipment in agriculture, forestry and fisheries", researchers, employees of forestry and environmental organizations. The issues discussed in the textbook are of interest to employees of forest enterprises of various forms of ownership and related industries engaged in logging."

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