VARIATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD FROM Ochroma pyramidale IN THE LONGITUDINAL AND RADIAL SENSE OF THE SLEW

The work aimed to characterize the wood of the species Ochroma pyramidale in the longitudinal and radial direction of the tree. For the study, five six-year old trees were used. Discs were removed at different heights of the stem. The samples were obtained from each disk in different regions between the pith and bark. The preparation and the anatomical analysis of the permanent and temporary slides, chemical analyzes, and basic density measure of the stem wood were carried out according to technical standards. As a result, it was observed that the highest averages for pore diameter and fiber length were found in the region close to the bark at all heights. Regarding to the rays, it was noted that there was an interaction between the longitudinal x radial factors for most of the parameters evaluated, except for the width of the rays. For fiber lumen diameter and vessel length, the same trend line was found, the highest average observed in the region close to the pith. In the chemical analyzes, it was possible to observe that there was no significant difference in the longitudinal direction of the wood except for solubility in cold water. For basic density, there was an increase in the region closer to the pith compared to the region closer to the bark. However, in relation to the longitudinal position of the bole, the highest values were found at the base of the bole. It could be seen that the Ochroma pyramidale species has potential use for products linked to thermal and acoustic insulation, production of particleboards and pulp and paper production.

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Variation in wood physical properties within stems of Guazuma crinita, a timber tree species in the Peruvian Amazon

Madera y Bosques ◽

10.21829/myb.2017.2311534 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lady L. Tuisima-Coral ◽

Joel E. Odicio-Guevara ◽

John C. Weber ◽

David Lluncor-Mendoza ◽

Bohdan Lojka

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Tree Species ◽

Basic Density ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Peruvian Amazon ◽

Transport And Transformation ◽

Stem Wood ◽

Timber Tree ◽

Old Trees

An understanding of wood physical properties and the interrelationships that govern them is required for efficient utilization of timber tree species. Guazuma crinita is a fast-growing timber tree of agroforestry systems in the Peruvian Amazon. The aim of this study was to assess variation in wood physical properties within the G. crinita stem. Wood samples were obtained from the base, middle and top of the stem of 12 randomly selected eight-year-old trees from six provenances in order to determine wood moisture content, density, specific gravity, radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage and the coefficient of anisotropy. Pearson correlations between physical properties were also determined. The highest basic density was 459 kg/m3 from Tournavista provenance. Mean basic density and specific gravity were 430 kg/m3 and 0.45 respectively. There was statistically significant variation (p ≤ 0.05), due to stem level within the trees. The moderate values of density and anisotropy coefficient (1.56) suggest that G. crinita is a stable wood; these are important advantages in terms of costs of the processes of transport and transformation. Given the variation found in the limited tree samples of this study, we recommend further analysis with larger samples from different provenances and planting zones.Variación de las propiedades físicas en troncos de Guazuma crinita, una especie maderable en el Amazonas Peruano El entendimiento de las propiedades físicas de la madera y de las interrelaciones que las gobiernan es necesario para el uso eficiente de las especies maderables. Guazuma crinita es una especie arbórea de rápido crecimiento en sistemas agroforestales del Amazonas peruano. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la variación de las propiedades físicas de la madera en el fuste de árboles G. crinita. Las muestras de madera fueron obtenidas de la base, parte media y parte superior del tronco de 12 árboles de ocho años de edad aleatoriamente seleccionados, de seis lugares de procedencia. Con ellas se determinó: contenido de humedad, densidad, densidad relativa, contracciones radial, tangencial y volumétrica y coeficiente de anisotropía; se determinaron también las correlaciones de Pearson entre las propiedades físicas. La densidad básica mayor fue 459 kg/m3, de la procedencia de Tournavista. Las densidades básica y relativa promedio fueron 430 kg/m3 y 0.45, respectivamente. Se encontró variación estadísticamente significativa (p ≤ 0.05) entre alturas en el fuste. La madera moderadamente densa y el coeficiente de anisotropía (1.56) sugieren que G. Crinita es una madera estable, lo que representa importantes ventajas en términos de costos por transporte y proceso de transformación. Debido a la variación encontrada en las limitadas muestras de árboles de este estudio, se recomienda la realización de más análisis con mayores muestras y de diferentes sitios y plantaciones.

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EVALUATION OF SUBSTRATES AND AMF SPORULATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF SEEDLINGS OF NATIVE FOREST SPECIES

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/0100-67622016000200007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 245-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luciana de Moura Gonzaga ◽

Sarah Santos da Silva ◽

Silvane de Almeida Campos ◽

Rodrigo de Paula Ferreira ◽

André Narvaes da Rocha Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Native Forest ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Forest Species ◽

Hymenaea Courbaril ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Potential Use

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate organic substrates in the production of canafistula (Peltophorum dubium) (Spreng.) Taub, cutieira (Joannesiaprinceps Vell.), jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis M. Arg.) seedlings, native trees with potential use in forest restoration programs. The design was completely randomized with 10 substrate formulations with 4 repetitions of 3 plants for the four species. The evaluated substrates consisted of soil, bovine manure (BM), poultry manure (PM), chemical fertilizer (CF) and sand, in different proportions. The experiment was concluded at the end of 180 days for canafistula, cutieira and rubber and 210 days for jatoba. At the end of these periods, the root (RDM), shoot (SDM) and total (TDM) the dry matters of the seedlings were determined. Quantification of AMF spores and normalization between samples through SPORES/RDM correction were also performed. The Scott-Knott test at 5% probability was applied. Regarding biomass production, only canafistula had significant difference among the tested substrates. In relation to sporulation, the highest values were observed in cutieira and rubber tree in substrate containing PM. The substrates composed of 40 or 50% soil + 20% sand + 30% or 40 PM for canafistula; 50% soil + 20% sand + 30% PM for cutieira; and for jatoba and rubber tree 60% soil + 20% sand + 20% PM, enabled the best results in terms of biomass production in seedlings and AMF sporulation.

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AVALIAÇÃO DE TRÊS MADEIRAS NATIVAS DO CERRADO GOIANO VISANDO À UTILIZAÇÃO ENERGÉTICA

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v8i5.10338 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 615-624

Author(s):

Humberto Fauller De Siqueira ◽

Evelym Poliana Santos Patrício ◽

Michael Douglas Roque Lima ◽

José Benedito Guimarães Junior ◽

Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Basic Density ◽

Ash Content ◽

Muffle Furnace ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Final Temperature ◽

Wood Basic Density ◽

Longitudinal Position

Estudos que visem ampliar o conhecimento das madeiras oriundas do cerrado podem contribuir com o correto manejo das espécies. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da madeira e do carvão vegetal de três espécies do cerrado (Tachigali vulgaris, Myracrodruon urundeuva e Amburana cearensis) para fins energéticos. Foram amostradas duas árvores por espécie e, destas, foram retirados discos da base, a 25, 50, 75 e 100% da altura total. Para a madeira, determinou-se longitudinalmente a densidade básica, composição química, estoque de carbono, poderes caloríficos superior (PCS) e inferior (PCI) e densidade energética. As carbonizações da madeira foram realizadas em forno elétrico, com temperatura final de 450 ºC e taxa de aquecimento de 1,67 ºC.min-1. A posição longitudinal de amostragem não influenciou a densidade da madeira. A madeira de M. urundeuva apresentou maior densidade básica e PCS, bem como menor teor de materiais voláteis. O carvão da espécie T. vulgaris apresentou a menor densidade aparente (298 kg.m-3) e baixo teor de cinzas (1,14%), porém elevado teor de carbono fixo e PCS. O carvão vegetal da espécie M. urundeuva se destacou com elevada densidade relativa aparente (475 kg.m-3). A ordem das melhores espécies é: M. urundeuva, A. cearensis e T. vulgaris. Palavras-chave: energia renovável; espécies nativas; potencial energético; qualidade do carvão. ASSESSMENT OF THREE NATIVE WOODS FROM CERRADO OF GOIÁS FOR THE ENERGY PURPOSES ABSTRACT: Studies aimed at expanding the knowledge of woods from cerrado can contribute to the correct management of the species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of wood and charcoal of three species from cerrado (Tachigali vulgaris, Myracrodruon urundeuva, and Amburana cearensis) for energy purposes. Two trees per species were sampled and, from these, disks were removed from the base, at 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the total height. For wood, the properties basic density, chemical analysis, carbon stock, higher (HHV) and lower (LHV) heating values were determined longitudinally. Carbonizations were carried out in a muffle furnace with a final temperature of 450 ºC and heating rate of 1.67 ºC.min-1. There was no effect of longitudinal position under the wood basic density. Myracrodruon urundeuva wood had the highest basic density and HHV, as well as the lowest content of volatile matters. The Tachigali vulgaris charcoal had the lowest bulk density (298 kg.m-3) and low ash content (1.14%), but a high content of fixed carbon and HHV. Charcoal of the species M. urundeuva stood out with high apparent relative density (475 kg.m-3). The order of the best species is M. urundeuva, A. cearensis, and T. vulgaris. Keywords: renewable energy; native species; energy potential; charcoal quality.

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PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD PANELS MADE OF SUGARCANE PARTICLES WITH AND WITHOUT HEAT TREATMENT

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882019000500002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Emerson Gomes Milagres ◽

Raiana Augusta Grandal Savino Barbosa ◽

Karine Fernandes Caiafa ◽

Gabriel Soares Lopes Gomes ◽

Tatiana Aurora Condezo Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Linear Expansion ◽

Basic Density ◽

Water Vapor Adsorption ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Specific Mass ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the properties of particleboard panels made of “in natura” sugarcane bagasse particles, heated at 250 °C for 5 minutes. Various particle proportions were utilized to produce the panels and their properties were compared with that of a panel made of Pinus sp. The panels were produced with 8% tannin formaldehyde adhesive, and 0.5% paraffin emulsion, being pressed at 32 kgf.cm-2 for 10 minutes at 180 ° C. It was determined the basic density of the “in natura” and heat-treated particles, their chemical composition, as well as the compression ratio necessary to obtain panels with density equal to 0.75 g.cm-3. The basic density of the panels, hygroscopic equilibrium humidity, thickness swelling, linear expansion, water vapor adsorption, modulus of elasticity and rupture, perpendicular traction, screw pullout, and Janka hardness were determined. The basic densities of Pinus particles and sugarcane bagasse without and with heat treatment were 0.46, 0.27 and 0.30 g.cm-3, respectively. The average specific mass of the panels was 0.74 g.cm-3 with no significant difference between them. Generally, panels made of sugarcane particles were less hygroscopic and dimensionally more stable than panels made of Pinus particles. However, the perpendicular tensile strength, screw pullout and Janka hardness of these panels were higher than for the Pinus panels. The heat treatment of sugarcane bagasse particles resulted in better mechanical properties of perpendicular traction and Janka hardness. In general, the panels are within the limits set by ANSI A208.1. It is therefore possible to replace panels made of Pinus particles for the ones made of sugarcane bagasse, provided that at least 25% of the particles are heat treated for 5 minutes at 250 ° C.

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Color variability and relationship with basic density and extractive content of Calycophyllum spruceanum wood

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v49i4.59374 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 803 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sandra Bezerra da Silva ◽

Jaily Kerller Batista de Andrade ◽

Marina Donária Chaves Arantes ◽

João Gabriel Missia da Silva ◽

Victor Fassina Brocco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basic Density ◽

Radial Position ◽

Extractive Content ◽

Technical Standards ◽

Wood Color ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

End Use ◽

Cutting Height

There are reports relating color to extractives, however there is a lack of information about the effect of other characteristics on the colorimetry of wood. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal and radial variability of color and its relationship with the basic density and extractive contents of Calycophyllum spruceanum wood from a six-year-old plantation located in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. The determination and assessment of the wood color were carried out by the Commission Internationale de L’Éclairage - CIE-L*a*b* system. The basic density and extractive contents were determined according to current technical standards. The species wood color was classified as yellowish olive. The highest and lowest lightness (L*) were longitudinally observed in the base (cutting height) and diameter at breast height (DBH), taken at 1.30 m from the ground. In relation to radial position, the lightness (L*) was lower in peripheral regions of the trunk. Higher concentrations of redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) and saturation (C) occurred along the DBH and the external radial position. In evaluating age, the extractive contents were not correlated to the wood color, while the basic density was correlated with a*, b*, C and h* colorimetric parameters. The colorimetric characterization of this specie contributes to its proper identification and a more homogeneous classification of lumber, and can be used from the log break-down (sawing) to its end use, adding commercial value to the wood.

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Relationship between Growth and Wood properties in Agathis sp. Planted in Indonesia

Wood Research Journal ◽

10.51850/wrj.2012.3.1.1-5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Futoshi Ishiguri ◽

Kazuko Makino ◽

Imam Wahyudi ◽

Jun Tanabe ◽

Yuya Takashima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wood Quality ◽

Basic Density ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pilodyn Penetration ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

The present study clarified the relationship between the growth and wood properties of 54-year-old Agathis sp. trees planted in Indonesia. Stem diameter, pilodyn penetration, and stress-wave velocity (SWV) were measured for all trees (35 trees) in a plot (30  30 m) located almost at the center of a stand. Based on the mean stem diameter, 10 standard trees in a plot were selected for measuring the basic density (BD) and compressive strength parallel to grain (CS). Core samples (5 mm in diameter) were collected from the 10 selected trees to determine BD and CS. The mean stem diameter, pilodyn penetration and SWV in the plot were 40.2  11.3 cm, 23.4  2.1 cm, and 3.85  0.43 km/s, respectively. No significant correlation coefficeint (r = -0.327, no significance at 5% level) was obtained between stem diameter and SWV. The mean BD and CS in the 10 trees were 0.42  0.03 g/cm3 and 28.1  2.7 MPa, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between BD and CS. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference between BD and CS values of the 10 trees, indicating that wood properties may differ among trees with the same standard growth in a stand. From these results, we concluded that wood quality improvement in this species could be achieved by selecting trees with high density and strength in tree breeding programs.

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Within-Tree Variation in Wood Fibre Biometry And Basic Density of the Urograndis Eucalypt Hybrid (Eucalyptus Grandis × E. Urophylla)

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000152 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 243-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Teresa Quilhó ◽

Isabel Miranda ◽

Helena Pereira

Keyword(s):

Wall Thickness ◽

Fibre Length ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Basic Density ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Axial Variation ◽

Average Fibre ◽

Length Width ◽

Hybrid Eucalyptus ◽

Old Trees

Within-tree variations in fibre length, width, wall thickness and wood basic density of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla (urograndis) were studied in five 6.8-yr-old seedling trees and five 5.6-yr-old trees from one clone from Brazil. Samples were taken at 5%, 25%, 35%, 55%, 65% and 90% of stem height and five radial positions (10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of radius). The tree average fibre length, width and wall thickness were in seed and clone trees: 0.955 mm and 1.064 mm, 18 μm and 20 μm, 3.6 μm and 4.4 μm respectively. The axial variation of fibre dimensions was very low, while there was a consistent but small increasing trend from pith to periphery. The basic density ranged from 397–464 kg/m3 to 486–495 kg/m3 respectively in seedling and clone trees with a low variation along the stem. In comparison with other eucalypt pulpwood, e.g. E. globulus, the urograndis hybrid showed similar fibre dimensions and lower basic density. Overall the within-tree variation of these wood properties was low and age had a small impact on the variation of density and fibre dimensions.

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Effect of Stress Ratio and Notch on Fatigue Strength of Commercial Pure Titanium

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202032111012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 321 ◽

pp. 11012

Author(s):

IWATA Toshiaki

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Strength ◽

Fatigue Limit ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Longitudinal Direction ◽

Structural Members ◽

Application Range ◽

Seawater Corrosion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Safe Side ◽

Cp Ti

Titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V are widely used in the aerospace domain worldwide; consequently, they have been extensively investigated, and the accumulated data has facilitated their use in the construction of structural members. In contrast, commercial pure (CP) Ti, which is cheaper than Ti alloys is widely used in the general industry, especially in the marine domain in Japan because it exhibits superior seawater corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However, CP titanium has a strong anisotropy and consists of an hcp crystal structure; therefore, the strength data are insufficient owing to its short use history as a structural material, and some of its mechanical material properties remain unclear. Herein, the effect of mean stress and stress concentration on the fatigue strength of CP Grade 2 titanium was evaluated for the application range expansion of CP titanium. The results indicated that the fatigue limit in the longitudinal direction was 80–84% that in the transverse direction for smooth specimens. However, no significant difference was noted in the fatigue limit in both the directions for notched specimens. Furthermore, it was noted that it is necessary to apply at least Sa-0.5Su line to design the safe side in CP Grade 2 titanium.

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Some climatic aspects of biomass productivity of white spruce stem wood

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x87-165 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 1075-1079 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

L. A. Jozsa ◽

J. M. Powell

Keyword(s):

Boreal Forests ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

White Spruce ◽

Ice Age ◽

Stem Wood ◽

Breast Height ◽

Sampling Locations ◽

Tree Ring Data ◽

Canadian Boreal Forest ◽

Old Trees

Biomass productivity was determined for white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) in the boreal forests of Alberta, the Northwest Territories, and Manitoba. Comparisons were made between southern and northern locations, between eastern and western transect locations, and between older (200 + years) and younger (110 years) trees. At 13 sampling locations, X-ray densitometric tree ring data were obtained from the base of the stem, breast height, and from five points equidistant along the stem. Markedly higher stem wood biomass productivity was found for the 110-year-old trees than for the 210-year-old trees in Alberta; average ring weights were 3.8 and 1.2 g for the first 100 years of growth in 1 cm thick disks at breast height. These results suggest that climatic warming since the end of the Little Ice Age (ca. 1850) has resulted in higher biomass productivity in the Canadian boreal forest.

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Increased DJ-1 in Urine Exosome of Korean Males with Parkinson’s Disease

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/704678 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Dong Hwan Ho ◽

Sanghak Yi ◽

Hyemyung Seo ◽

Ilhong Son ◽

Wongi Seol

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Daily Dose ◽

Male Patients ◽

And Gender ◽

Urine Exosomes ◽

Potential Use

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a difficult disease to diagnose although it is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Recent studies show that exosome isolated from urine contains LRRK2 or DJ-1, proteins whose mutations cause PD. To investigate a potential use for urine exosomes as a tool for PD diagnosis, we compared levels of LRRK2,α-synuclein, and DJ-1 in urine exosomes isolated from Korean PD patients and non-PD controls. LRRK2 and DJ-1, but notα-synuclein, were detected in the urine exosome samples, as reported previously. We initially could not detect any significant difference in these protein levels between the patient and the control groups. However, when age, disease duration, L-dopa daily dose, and gender were considered as analytical parameters, LRRK2 and DJ-1 protein levels showed clear gender-dependent differences. In addition, DJ-1 level was significantly higher (1.7-fold) in male patients with PD than that in male non-PD controls and increased in an age-dependent manner in male patients with PD. Our observation might provide a clue to lead to a novel biomarker for PD diagnosis, at least in males.

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