PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD PANELS MADE OF SUGARCANE PARTICLES WITH AND WITHOUT HEAT TREATMENT

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the properties of particleboard panels made of “in natura” sugarcane bagasse particles, heated at 250 °C for 5 minutes. Various particle proportions were utilized to produce the panels and their properties were compared with that of a panel made of Pinus sp. The panels were produced with 8% tannin formaldehyde adhesive, and 0.5% paraffin emulsion, being pressed at 32 kgf.cm-2 for 10 minutes at 180 ° C. It was determined the basic density of the “in natura” and heat-treated particles, their chemical composition, as well as the compression ratio necessary to obtain panels with density equal to 0.75 g.cm-3. The basic density of the panels, hygroscopic equilibrium humidity, thickness swelling, linear expansion, water vapor adsorption, modulus of elasticity and rupture, perpendicular traction, screw pullout, and Janka hardness were determined. The basic densities of Pinus particles and sugarcane bagasse without and with heat treatment were 0.46, 0.27 and 0.30 g.cm-3, respectively. The average specific mass of the panels was 0.74 g.cm-3 with no significant difference between them. Generally, panels made of sugarcane particles were less hygroscopic and dimensionally more stable than panels made of Pinus particles. However, the perpendicular tensile strength, screw pullout and Janka hardness of these panels were higher than for the Pinus panels. The heat treatment of sugarcane bagasse particles resulted in better mechanical properties of perpendicular traction and Janka hardness. In general, the panels are within the limits set by ANSI A208.1. It is therefore possible to replace panels made of Pinus particles for the ones made of sugarcane bagasse, provided that at least 25% of the particles are heat treated for 5 minutes at 250 ° C.

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Influence of Post Weld Heat Treatment on the Grain Size, and Mechanical Properties of the Alloy-800H Rotary Friction Weld Joints

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14164366 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (16) ◽

pp. 4366

Author(s):

Saqib Anwar ◽

Ateekh Ur Rehman ◽

Yusuf Usmani ◽

Ali M. Al-Samhan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Grain Size ◽

Heat Affected Zone ◽

Tensile Testing ◽

Weld Zone ◽

Alloy 800H ◽

Weld Joints ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Friction Weld

This study evaluated the microstructure, grain size, and mechanical properties of the alloy 800H rotary friction welds in as-welded and post-weld heat-treated conditions. The standards for the alloy 800H not only specify the composition and mechanical properties but also the minimum grain sizes. This is because these alloys are mostly used in creep resisting applications. The dynamic recrystallization of the highly strained and plasticized material during friction welding resulted in the fine grain structure (20 ± 2 µm) in the weld zone. However, a small increase in grain size was observed in the heat-affected zone of the weldment with a slight decrease in hardness compared to the base metal. Post-weld solution heat treatment (PWHT) of the friction weld joints increased the grain size (42 ± 4 µm) in the weld zone. Both as-welded and post-weld solution heat-treated friction weld joints failed in the heat-affected zone during the room temperature tensile testing and showed a lower yield strength and ultimate tensile strength than the base metal. A fracture analysis of the failed tensile samples revealed ductile fracture features. However, in high-temperature tensile testing, post-weld solution heat-treated joints exhibited superior elongation and strength compared to the as-welded joints due to the increase in the grain size of the weld metal. It was demonstrated in this study that the minimum grain size requirement of the alloy 800H friction weld joints could be successfully met by PWHT with improved strength and elongation, especially at high temperatures.

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Application of Tailored Heat Treated Blanks under Quasi Series Conditions

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.383 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 344 ◽

pp. 383-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marion Merklein ◽

Uwe Vogt

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Local Heat ◽

Strength Distribution ◽

Process Window ◽

Short Term ◽

Forming Process ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Set Up ◽

The Impact

Tailored Heat Treated Blanks (THTB) are blanks that exhibit locally different strength specifically optimized for the succeeding forming process. The strength distribution is set by a local, short-term heat treatment modifying the mechanical properties of the material. Hence, THTB allow enhancing forming limits significantly leading to shorter and more robust manufacture process chains. In order to qualify the use of THTB under quasi series conditions, the interdependencies of the blank’s local heat treatment and the entire process chain of the car body manufacture have to be analyzed. In this respect, the impact of a short-term heat treatment on the mechanical properties of AA6181PX, a commonly used aluminum alloy in today’s car bodies, was studied. Also the influence of a short-term heat treatment on the coil lubricant, usually already applied by the material supplier, was given a closer look. Based on these experiments process restrictions for the application of THTB in an industrial automotive environment were derived and a process window for the THTB design was set up. In conclusion, strategies were defined how to enhance the found process boundaries leading to a more robust process window.

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Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid parts

Materials Testing ◽

10.1515/mt-2020-0010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 73-78

Author(s):

Pulkin Gupta ◽

Sudha Kumari ◽

Abhishek Gupta ◽

Ankit Kumar Sinha ◽

Prashant Jindal

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Recrystallization Temperature ◽

Fused Deposition Modelling ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Dog Bone ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Maximum Decrease ◽

3D Printed

Abstract Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a layer-by-layer manufacturing process type of 3D-printing (3DP). Significant variation in the mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens is observed because of varied process parameters and interfacial bonding between consecutive layers. This study investigates the influence of heat treatment on the mechanical strength of FDM 3D printed Polylactic acid (PLA) parts with constant 3DP parameters and ambient conditions. To meet the objectives, 7 sets, each containing 5 dog-bone shaped samples, were fabricated from commercially available PLA filament. Each set was subjected to heat treatment at a particular temperature for 1 h and cooled in the furnace itself, while one set was left un-treated. The temperature for heat treatment (Th) varied from 30 °C to 130 °C with increments of 10 °C. The heat-treated samples were characterized under tensile loading of 400 N and mechanical properties like Young’s modulus (E), Strain % ( ε ) and Stiffness (k) were evaluated. On comparing the mechanical properties of heat-treated samples to un-treated samples, significant improvements were observed. Heat treatment also altered the geometries of the samples. Mechanical properties improved by 4.88 % to 10.26 % with the maximum being at Th of 110 °C and below recrystallization temperature (Tr) of 65 °C. Deformations also decreased significantly at higher temperatures above 100 °C, by a maximum of 36.06 %. The dimensions of samples showed a maximum decrease of 1.08 % in Tr range and a maximum decrease of 0.31 % in weight at the same temperature. This study aims to benefit the society by establishing suitable Th to recover the lost strength in PLA based FDM 3D printed parts.

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Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstrudture and Mechanical Properties of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Prepared by Solid-State Recycling

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.17 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 271-272 ◽

pp. 17-20

Author(s):

Shu Yan Wu ◽

Ze Sheng Ji ◽

Chun Ying Tian ◽

Ming Zhong Wu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Solid State ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Static Recrystallization ◽

Annealing Treatment ◽

Az31b Magnesium Alloy ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Elongation To Failure ◽

Strength And Ductility

This work is to study the influence of heat treatment on microstrudture and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy prepared by solid -state recycling. AZ31B magnesium alloy chips were recycled by hot extruding. Three different heat treatments were conducted for recycled alloy. Mechanical properties and microstructure of the recycled specimen and heat treated specimen were investigated. 300°C×2h annealing specimen exhibits finer grain due to static recrystallization, and microstructure of 400°C×2h annealing specimen becomes more coarse. 300°C×2h annealing treatment improves obviously strength and ductility of recycled alloy. Ultimate tensile strength of alloy decreases and elongation to failure increases after 400°C×2h annealing. Grain size, dislocation density and bonding of chips have an effect on the elongation of recycled materials. 190°C×8h ageing has no influence on microstructure and mechanical properties of recycled alloy.

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Electron Beam Melting of Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Structures; Correlation between Post Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties

10.21203/rs.3.rs-248635/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Giuseppe Del Guercio ◽

Manuela Galati ◽

Abdollah Saboori

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Heat Treatments ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Lattice Structures ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Aided Design

Abstract Additive Manufacturing processes are considered advanced manufacturing methods. It would be possible to produce complex shape components from a Computer-Aided Design model in a layer-by-layer manner. Lattice structures as one of the complex geometries could attract lots of attention for both medical and industrial applications. In these structures, besides cell size and cell type, the microstructure of lattice structures can play a key role in these structures' mechanical performance. On the other hand, heat treatment has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the material. Therefore, in this work, the effect of the heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures manufactured by EBM was analyzed. The main mechanical properties were compared with the Ashby and Gibson model. It is very interesting to notice that a more homogeneous failure mode was found for the heat-treated samples. The structures' relative density was the main factor influencing their mechanical performance of the heat-treated samples. It is also found that the heat treatments were able to preserve the stiffness and the compressive strength of the lattice structures. Besides, an increment of both the elongation at failure and the absorbed energy was obtained after the heat treatments. Microstructure analysis of the heat-treated samples confirms the increment of ductility of the heat-treated samples with respect to the as-built one.

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Characterization of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 6060 Aluminum Alloy Processed by ECAP

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.275.81 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 275 ◽

pp. 81-88

Author(s):

Monika Karoń ◽

Marcin Adamiak

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Plastic Deformation ◽

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Internal Stresses ◽

Refined Grains ◽

Angular Pressing ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Evolution Of Microstructure

The purpose of this paper is to present the microstructure and mechanical behavior of 6060 aluminum alloy after intense plastic deformation. Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) was used as a method of severe plastic deformation. Before ECAP part of the samples were heat treated to remove internal stresses in the commercially available aluminium alloy. The evolution of microstructure and tensile strength were tested after 1, 3, 6 and 9 ECAP passes in annealed and non annealed states. It was found that intensely plastically deformed refined grains were present in the tested samples and exhibited increased mechanical properties. Differences were noted between samples without and after heat treatment

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Mechanical Behavior of Friction Stir Welded AA-6061 Thick Plates in Different Heat Treatment Conditions

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.875.203 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 875 ◽

pp. 203-210

Author(s):

Talha Ahmed ◽

Wali Muhammad ◽

Zaheer Mushtaq ◽

Mustasim Billah Bhatty ◽

Hamid Zaigham

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Aging Treatment ◽

Travel Speed ◽

Butt Joint ◽

Tensile Fracture ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Joint Form

In this study, mechanical properties of friction stir welded Aluminum Alloy (AA) 6061 in three different heat treatment conditions i.e. Annealed (O), Artificially aged (T6) and Post Weld Heat Treated (PWHT) were compared. Plates were welded in a butt joint form. Parameters were optimized and joints were fabricated using tool rotational speed and travel speed of 500 rpm and 350 mm/min respectively. Two sets of plates were welded in O condition and out of which one was, later, subjected to post weld artificial aging treatment. Third set was welded in T6 condition. The welds were characterized by macro and microstructure analysis, microhardness measurement and mechanical testing. SEM fractography of the tensile fracture surfaces was also performed. Comparatively better mechanical properties were achieved in the plate with PWHT condition.

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Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured and Conventional Maraging Steel

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.405.133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 405 ◽

pp. 133-138

Author(s):

Ludmila Kučerová ◽

Andrea Jandová ◽

Ivana Zetková

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Maraging Steel ◽

Precipitation Hardening ◽

High Strength ◽

Hardness Measurement ◽

Nickel Steel ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Good Material ◽

Iron Nickel

Maraging steel is an iron-nickel steel alloy, which achieves very good material properties like high toughness, hardness, good weldability, high strength and dimensional stability during heat treatment. In this work, maraging steel 18Ni-300 was manufactured by selective laser melting. It is a method of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, which produces prototypes and functional parts. Sample of additively manufactured and conventional steel with the same chemical composition were tested after in three different states – heat treated (as-built/as-received), solution annealed and precipitation hardened. Resulting microstructures were analysed by light and scanning electron microscopy and mechanical properties were obtained by hardness measurement and tensile test. Cellular martensitic microstructures were observed in additively manufactured samples and conventional maraging steel consisted of lath martensitic microstructures. Very similar mechanical properties were obtained for both steels after the application of the same heat treatment. Ultimate tensile strengths reached 839 – 900 MPa for samples without heat treatment and heat treated by solution annealing, the samples after precipitation hardening had tensile strengths of 1577 – 1711 MPa.

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Improving Mechanical Properties of Twin-Roll Cast AZ31 by Wire Rolling

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.957 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1016 ◽

pp. 957-963

Author(s):

Marie Moses ◽

Madlen Ullmann ◽

Rudolf Kawalla ◽

Ulrich Prahl

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Rolling Texture ◽

Total Elongation ◽

Roll Casting ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Heat Treated Condition ◽

Set Up ◽

Twin Roll Cast ◽

Twin Roll

Since 2018, the institute of metal forming has been studying the novel twin-roll casting (TRC) of magnesium wire at the pilot research plant set up specifically for this purpose. Light microscopic and scanning electronic investigations were carried out within this work and show the unique microstructure of twin-roll cast AZ31 magnesium alloy with grain sizes of about 10 μm ± 4 μm in centre and 39 μm ± 26 μm near the surface of the sample. By means of a short heat treatment (460 °C/15 min), segregations can be dissolved and grain size changes in centre to 19 μm ± 12 μm (increase) and near the surface to 12 μm ± 7 μm (decrease). Further, the mechanical properties of the twin-roll cast and heat-treated wire were analysed by tensile testing at room temperature. By heat treatment, the total elongation could be increased by a third whereas the strength decreases slightly. In heat-treated state, no preferred orientation is evident. In addition to the twin-roll cast and the heat-treated condition, the rolled state was analysed. For this purpose, the twin-roll cast wire was hot rolled using an oval-square calibration. After hot rolling, a dynamic recrystallization and grain refinement of the twin-roll cast wire could be achieved. It can be seen, that an increase in strength as well as in total elongation occur after wire rolling. Beside this, a rolling texture is evident.

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Analysis of Different 100Cr6 Material States Using Particle-Oriented Peening

Metals ◽

10.3390/met9101056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1056 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anastasiya Toenjes ◽

Nicole Wielki ◽

Daniel Meyer ◽

Axel von Hehl

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Plastic Deformation ◽

Heating Rate ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimeter ◽

Microstructural Properties ◽

Material Development ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Aisi 52100 ◽

Novel Method

As part of a novel method for evolutionary material development, particle-oriented peening is used in this work to characterize 100Cr6 (AISI 52100) microparticles that were heat-treated by means of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The plastic deformation of the samples in particle-oriented peening is correlated with the microstructural properties considering different heat-treatment variations. While the heating rate was kept constant (10 K/min) for all heat treatments, different heating temperatures (500 °C, 800 °C, 1000 °C and 1100 °C) were realized, held for 20 min and then cooled down at a rate of 50 K/min. Thereby, microstructural states with different (mechanical) properties are generated. For validation, microsections of the particles were analyzed and additional universal microhardness measurements (UMH) were performed. It could be shown that the quickly assessable plastic deformation descriptor reacts sensitively to the changes in the hardness due to the heat treatment.

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