Islam and Ethnicity: The Case Study of Ombatse Crisis 2011-2015 in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Jibrin Yusuf Danladi ◽  
Muhammad Maga Sule
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Ethnic Consciousness ◽  
Qualitative Technique ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
Depth Interviews

This paper examines the activities of the Ombatse cult group and the violent conflicts that occurred as a result of their activities which took place in some parts of Nasarawa State from 2011 – 2015. The aim of the study is to portray how Islam is against ethnic bigotry. It also intends solutions based on Islamic teachings on how to resolve disputes especially which is ethnically related. It also discussed its effects on Islam and Muslims in the State. The paper found out that peace is one of the basic tools for the development of any society, as Islam encourages peaceful co-existence among/between Muslims and non- Muslims as well as co-existence among other ethnic nationalities as Islam prohibits ethnicity and nationalism. Therefore, the paper further revealed that the major actors who participated in the crises were predominately Muslim youths from the ethnic groups involved in the violent conflict. The research also unveils the context and undertone which precipitated establishment and those who financed activities of Ombatse group in the areas studied. Regarding methodology, this study utilizes a qualitative technique. In-Depth Interviews (IDI) were conducted to obtain data for the study. The study concludes that some Muslim who are ignorant of the basic tenets of Islam were easily brainwashed to show allegiance to their ethnic identity than Islam. The Ombatse mobilized support along ethnic consciousness in order to achieve hidden political motives of those who initiated the cult group.

Afars of Ethiopia in the system of ethnic federalism

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-146
Author(s):  
Roza Ismagilova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Ethnic Federalism

The article pioneers the analyses of the results of ethnic federalism introduced in Ethiopia in 1991 – and its influence on Afar. Ethnicity was proclaimed the fundamental principle of the state structure. The idea of ethnicity has become the basis of official ideology. The ethnic groups and ethnic identity have acquired fundamentally importance on the political and social levels . The country has been divided into nine ethnically-based regions. The article exposes the complex ethno-political and economic situation in the Afar State, roots and causes of inter- and intra-ethnic relations and conflicts with Amhara, Oromo, Tigray and Somali-Issa, competition of ethnic elites for power and recourses. Alive is the idea of “The Greater Afar”which would unite all Afar of the Horn of Africa. The protests in Oromia and Amhara Regions in 2015–2017 influenced the Afar state as welll. The situation in Ethiopia nowadays is extremely tense. Ethiopia is plunging into serious political crisis. Some observers call it “the beginning of Ethiopian spring”, the others – “Color revolution”

Understanding Culture, Motivation, and Ethnic Consumer Behavior

2014 ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Fung Kuen Koo ◽  
Huong Le
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Culture Motivation ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

Understanding ethnic consumer behaviors through a case study of good practice and their innovative marketing strategies to ethnic consumers is important. Surprisingly, little has been done to discuss which practices and strategies may work best when marketing to ethnic consumers. This chapter presents a case study of the Immigration Museum (Melbourne, Australia) and how the organization uses strategies to promote their products and programs to ethnic consumers. The case study and in-depth interviews are the methods used. In this chapter, the authors argue that a combination of Alferder's and Schwartz's theoretical frameworks help museum marketers understand behaviors of ethnic groups, thereby using appropriate marketing strategies in encouraging their consumption. This chapter extends current marketing literature on consumers' motivation, drive, and needs, and non-profit marketing, and validates selected motivational theories. It also provides practical implications for marketers of non-profit organizations.

Civilian Victimization and Ethnic Civil War

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1199-1225
Author(s):  
Lars-Erik Cederman ◽  
Simon Hug ◽  
Livia I. Schubiger ◽  
Francisco Villamil
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Targeted Violence ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
Global Coverage

While many studies provide insights into the causes of wartime civilian victimization, we know little about how the targeting of particular segments of the civilian population affects the onset and escalation of armed conflict. Previous research on conflict onset has been largely limited to structural variables, both theoretically and empirically. Moving beyond these static approaches, this article assesses how the state-led targeting of specific ethnic groups affects the likelihood of ethnic conflict onset and the evolution of conflicts once they break out. Relying on a new data set with global coverage that captures the ethnic identity of civilian victims of targeted violence, we find evidence that the state-led civilian victimization of particular ethnic groups increases the likelihood that the latter become involved in ethnic civil war. We also find tentative, yet more nuanced, evidence that ethnic targeting by state forces affects the escalation of ongoing conflicts.

scholarly journals Poverty, Deprivation, and Social Exclusion as Source of Violent Conflict: Case Study of West Papua Post-New Order Era

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Made Fitri Maya Padmi
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
New Order ◽  
The West ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Papua Barat ◽  
Violent Conflicts

AbstrakTulisan ini akan membahas mengenai kompleksitas hubungan antara kemiskinan dan konflik kekerasan. Konflik kekerasan selalu mengakibatkan kerugian dalam hal nyawa manusia, ekonomi dan kehidupan social, dan juga merupakan sumber utama dari kemiskinan dan keterbelakangan pembangunan. Tulisan ini juga membahas tentang keterkaitan antara keterbatasan sumber daya, keterkucilan dalam kehidupan social dan kemiskinan akan meningkatkan rasa ketidaksetaraan yang dapat menimbulkan kekerasan. Kemiskinan membuat suatu masyarakat menjadi lebih rentan terhadap provokasi-provokasi untuk melakukan tindak kekerasan; kerentanan ini disebabkan oleh rasa ketidakadilan dan bahwa kekerasan dapat memberikan solusi yang lebih terhadap permasalahan yang ada. Tulisan ini mengambil contoh kasus di Papua Barat dimana kondisi kemiskinan dan keterkucilan social saling berkaitan. Dan dalam konflik ini dapat terlihat bahwa kekerasan struktural dapat menghasilkan dan melanggengkan kemiskinan.Kata kunci: Deprivasi, Kemiskinan, Keterkucilan Sosial, Konflik Kekerasan, Papua. AbstractThis article discuses about the complexity of causal relation between poverty and violent conflict. Violent conflicts have huge human, economic, and social costs and are a major cause of poverty and underdevelopment. The article suggests that the coupling between deprivation, social exclusion and poverty increases the significance of inequality and may contribute to violence. Poverty conditions make the victims more vulnerable to being provoked into committing violent actions; this vulnerability is due to the grievance of deprivation and the incentives that the violence offers given the misery of the present condition. This paper takes the West Papua conflict as an example in which the conditions of poverty and social exclusion are entrenched. The violent conflict in West Papua, Indonesia has shown the pattern that structural violence can produce and sustain poverty.Keywords: Deprivation, Papua, Poverty, Social Exclusion, Violent Conflict

A Phone without Names

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-244
Author(s):  
Kathrin Heitz-Tokpa
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Violent Conflicts

The anthropology of war has provided intimate analyses of how communities deal with hardship in violent conflicts. These clearly affect such communities’ social fabric, but exactly how is little understood. This article uses the lens of trust and distrust to analyze the effects of violent conflict on social relations. Through an ethnographic case study of a nurse during the 2002–2011 violent conflict in Côte d’Ivoire, I show how his trust in social norms, political opponents, and strangers in general became transformed into distrust. He stopped saving names in his phone to protect himself and people in his phone. The case highlights how experiences of duress can create distrust and how distrust can prolong conditions of duress by hindering the rebuilding of social trust.

'They Give us the Categories and We Fill Ourselves in' Ethnic Thinking in Singapore

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 451-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
State Support ◽  
Religious Festivals ◽  
The Future

AbstractThis paper will demonstrate the prevalence of 'ethnic thinking' in everyday life and the role which culture plays in defining individuals and groups in Singapore. I will argue that the Singapore state has intentionally created a national identity which rests on the idea of the assumed purity of the different ethnic groups which exist within that nation. Singpore's multi-racial policies force the heterogeneous character of the population into four 'races' and there are no officially recognised inter-ethnic individuals within the state. The official promotion of 'ethnic' culture which claims that ethnic identity and culture are somehow identical results in a culture of stereotypes which shapes everyday life - where people live and how they interact as neighbours, for example. The stereotypes are reinforced by religious festivals. While state support of ethnic differentiation has helped to prevent ethnic violence, the politicisation of ethnic identity may ironically encourage conflict in the future when ethnic and economic divisions coincide.

Ethnic Entrepreneurship and Ethnic Identity: A Case Study among the Liangshan Yi (Nuosu) in China

2005 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 407-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Heberer
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Private Sector Development ◽  
Chinese Nation ◽  
Ethnic Consciousness ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Significant Expression ◽  
The One

In this article the connection between entrepreneurship and ethnic identity is examined. Two central arguments are put forward. First, market forces and private sector development are diminishing the influence of the clan on Nuosu-Yi entrepreneurs. Although the clan can fulfil important functions in the start-up of new ventures, it also tends to become a burden on successful enterprises. Concurrently, clan-transcending institutions are emerging. Secondly, entrepreneurs oscillate between their roles as bearers of tradition on the one hand and harbingers of modernity on the other. Furthermore I argue that the drawing of borders between Nuosu-Yi and Han entrepreneurs is a significant expression of ethnic identity. Identity is not just an individual process but also a collective one. Consequently the identity-giving impact of entrepreneurship can take place only in interaction with other groups (Han). Nuosu-Yi entrepreneurs develop ethnic consciousness as there exists a strong cultural nationalism among entrepreneurs as well as among other Yi. Their goal is a desire for respect within the Chinese nation state that could be obtained by means of entrepreneurship and economic development.

scholarly journals Characteristic of multi-ethnic settlement in Indonesia, a case study: Kampung 3-4 Ulu Laut settlement on Musi Riverbank in Palembang City

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Endy Agustian ◽  
Rini Rachmawati ◽  
Raden Rijanta ◽  
Agus Joko Pitoyo
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Cultural Activities ◽  
Natural Context ◽  
Context Data ◽  
Depth Interviews

The plurality found at Kampung 3-4 Ulu Laut settlement on Musi Riverbank in Palembang city is one example of a case that can represent multi-ethnic settlement in Indonesia. The settlement consists of various kinds of ethnic, including native Palembang ethnic, Palembang Cirebon ethnic, Palembang Chinese ethnic, and migrant ethnics from areas outside of Palembang city. The existence of various multi-ethnic groups has influenced several physical sites of settlement, economic activities, social-cultural activities, and the basic values of life in settlement. This research aims to explore the empirical evidence at Kampung 3-4 Ulu Laut, so the characteristics of the settlement can be identified. The research method used is a case study research method that focuses on individual representation of a group, organization, situation, event or phenomenon in a natural context. Data is collected through a variety of data collection techniques, including documents, archival records, in-depth interviews, direct observation, and physical devices. The results showed that there were cultural variations between ethnic groups, both from the physical side of settlement, economic activities, social-cultural activities, and the basic values of life, which indirectly became a characteristic for settlement of Kampung 3-4 Ulu Laut on Musi Riverbank in Palembang city.

scholarly journals Politics of Identity and Redrawing the State Boundaries in India: An Historical Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shoaib Malik ◽  
Azhar Mahmood Abbasi ◽  
Saima Gul
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The State ◽  
Politics Of Identity ◽  
New States ◽  
Indian State ◽  
The Creation

This article will examine the idea of new states/provinces in India. How India created 16 new states on ethno-lingual, and other lines and accommodate the ethnic groups. The case study of India is focussing on the different factors; including constitutional setup and role of different political parties of India in making of the new state. The following three basic questions investigate the paper’s perspective. First; what has been the basis of demands for the creation of new states in India? Second; what are the main hurdles in the reorganization of state and what urged the redemarcation of states in India? Third; what has been the stance of political Parties about the creation of new states in Indian state?

scholarly journals Nation-Building in the Developing States: A Case Study of Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol III (IV) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Husnul Amin ◽  
Maryam Siddiqa ◽  
Lubna Batool
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Political System ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Demographic Shifts

This research concerns the process of nation-building in developing states with a focus on Pakistan. The study explores hurdles in the process of nation-building in Pakistan. In this connection, the study takes into account key political disparities such as uneven representation of various ethnic groups and regions in legislature and provincial assemblies, state-led cosmetic political reforms and feudalism and biradri-based political system that exist in various administrative units (and their tiers) of the state. The study also highlights the major administrative flaws and demographic shifts and divisions that are hampering the process of nation-building in Pakistan. The research also details the economic disparities found in various forms and at various levels in the state which minimize the prospects of nation-building in Pakistan. The study concludes that nation-building is always a state-controlled process and Pakistan has hardly addressed various hindrances in nation-building process such as political, demographic, administrative and economic issues of the various administrative units (and their tiers) as a state.

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