ISOLATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STARCH FROM TARO BOLOSO-I TUBERS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (07) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Tamrat Balcha ◽  
◽  
Nisha Mary Joseph ◽  
Anteneh Belete

Taro Boloso-I is a new variety of Colocasia esculenta (L. Schott) officially released from Areka Agricultural Research Center, Areka, Ethiopia. Its cultivation out yields a previously reported variety (Godare) by 67%. The study focuses on isolation and characterization of starch from this plant. Isolation of starch was done using saline and sodium hydroxide and characterized for its physicochemical constituents. Its yield on dry weight basis was 83.5 ± 1.6%. The native Taro Boloso-I starch (NTBIS) showed lower amylose to amylopectin ratio (20.7 ± 1.8% to 77.3 ± 2.1%, w/w) and significantly higher onset (68.40˚C), peak (75.46 ˚C) and endset (84.40 ˚C) temperatures of gelatinization than potato starch which has gelatinization range of 62.50–67.53–79.40 ˚C. The shapes of the granules were polyhedral/angular with an A-type polymorphism with a poor flow.The starch is comprised of small particles (mean diameter of 2.45 ± 0.11 μm).Taro Boloso-I starch possesses similarity with cereal starches like the rice starch though it is a tuber starch and moreover, on comparison with the previously reported varieties of Taro, there is difference in its properties.

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangesh B. Inarkar ◽  
S. S. Lele

Sugarcane peel is an agrowaste product and contains considerable amount of wax. This has a good technoeconomic potential. In view of this, the present study aims at extraction and characterization of wax from sugarcane peel. The yield of crude wax was 0.95% on dry weight basis. During Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) prominent peaks obtained at 2921.73 and 2851.64 (–CH), 1463.44 (–CH2), 1376.96 (–CH3), 1108.4 and 1170.16 (–C–O) 3395.60 (–OH), 1710.25 (–CHO), and 1736.63 (–COOH) indicate presence of alkanes, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids, respectively. Alcohol and hydrocarbon fractions were also found by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Melting point of crude wax was observed to be 62.1°C. Molecular weight of wax was estimated to be 1706 Dalton. Composition of crude wax found using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was alkanes (28.83%), ester (66.26%), fatty acids (4.58%), aldehyde (0.11%), and alcohol (0.22%).


Author(s):  
Xesús Feás ◽  
M. Pilar Vázquez-Tato ◽  
Julio A. Seijas Vázquez ◽  
Francisco Fraga-López

The isolation and characterization of chitin (CHI) obtained from Vespa velutina (CHIVV) is described. Moreover, a trapping procedure is presented to selectively catch the invasive species. The chitin contents of dry Vespa velutina was observed to be 11.7 %. The physicochemical properties of CHIVV was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid-state NMR (ssNMR), elemental analysis (EA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Obtained CHIVV is close to pure (43, 47% C, 6.94% H, and 6.85% N) and full acetylated with a value of 95.44%. Also, lifetime and kinetic parameters such as activation E and the frequency factor A using model-free and model-fitting methods, were determined. For CHIVV the solid state mechanism that follows the thermodegradation is of type F2 (Random nucleation around two nuclei). Vespa velutina chitin should not be used at temperatures above 60ºC, since its half-life would be only one year, and from an industrial point of view it would not be profitable. Based on certain factors such as the current and probable continued abundance of Vespa velutina and the quality of the product obtained, the invasive Asian hornet is a promising alternative source of chitin.


2020 ◽  
Vol 990 ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Sittiporn Punyanitya ◽  
Sakdiphon Thiansem ◽  
Rungsarit Koonawoot ◽  
Watchara Sontichai ◽  
Somchart Suchaitanawanit

Thisresearch was aimed to studying absorbent pad of adhesive bandage. The absorbent pad made from rice starch composite. This material used for healingprocessofwounds.One component of adhesive bandage is the part contact wound (absorbent pad) that obtained rice starch-based sponge for hemostatic and mixed with povidone-iodine for antibacteria. In this study, we prepared a new absorbent pad from rice starch by lyophilization and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water absortion, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and disk diffusion method. The rice strach content of this pad is up to 94 wt%. The diameter of the porous pad was found to be in the range of 10-100 mm. Water absorption of this pad was 6 times of dry weight. The addition of povidone iodine showed good antibiotic resistant microorganism of the rice sponge.


2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jayani Sandarani Maddakandage Dona

Pectin was extracted using the method of acid hydrolysis followed by ethanol precipitation at various reaction conditions. Effect of blanching prior to acid hydrolysis, acid types (hydrochloric and citric) and extraction time and temperature combinations were tested to maximize the yield of pectin and they were characterized by assessing physiochemical and functional properties. The feasibility of utilizing extracted pectin in food applications was evaluated. The yield of pectin ranged from 7.30 ± 0.07- 11.04 ±0.01% on a dry weight basis. The results suggested that the highest pectin content is in the fresh pumpkin peel extracted using 0.1 N hydrochloric acid at 80±5℃, 1.25 pH for 1 hour. Water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and emulsifying activity index of pumpkin pectin were 2.5 g/g of pectin (SD 0.46), 1.76 g/g of pectin (SD 0.10) and 0.29 (SD 0.01) respectively. In addition, the degree of esterification, equivalent weight, methoxy content and galacturonic acid content of extracted pectin were 67.64% (SD 0.89%), 978.35 (SD 69.88), 6.55% (SD 0.37%) and 66.46% (SD 1.19%) respectively. Sensory analysis revealed that there is no significant difference in spreadability, surface texture and chewiness of two types of jam prepared using pumpkin and commercial pectin. In conclusion, pumpkin pectin can be categorized as high methoxy pectin.


Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xesús Feás ◽  
M. Pilar Vázquez-Tato ◽  
Julio A. Seijas ◽  
Anna Pratima G. Nikalje ◽  
Francisco Fraga-López

Fifteen years ago, at least one multimated female yellow-legged Asian hornet (Vespa velutina Lepeletier 1836) arrived in France, which gave rise to a pan-European invasion. In this study, the isolation and characterization of chitin (CHI) that was obtained from Vespa velutina (CHIVV) is described. In addition, an easy procedure is carried out to capture the raw insect, selectively and with high rates of success. The chitin contents of dry VV was observed to be 11.7%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid-state NMR (ssNMR), elemental analysis (EA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) characterized the physicochemical properties of CHIVV. The obtained CHIVV is close to pure (43.47% C, 6.94% H, and 6.85% N), and full acetylated with a value of 95.44%. Additionally, lifetime and kinetic parameters such as activation E and the frequency factor A using model-free and model-fitting methods, were determined. For CHIVV the solid state mechanism that follows the thermodegradation is of type F2 (random nucleation around two nuclei). The invasive Asian hornet is a promising alternative source of CHI, based on certain factors, such as the current and probable continued abundance of the quantity and quality of the product obtained.


2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Zhang ◽  
Rui Duan ◽  
Yi Feng Chen ◽  
Xiao Jing Xu

Argentine shortfin squid (Illex argentinus) is one of the most important commercial fish in the world. Pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) was isolated from squid skin and biochemical properties of PSC were studied. The yields of skin PSC was about 18.5 % (on the dry weight basis). SDS-PAGE patterns showed that the collagen consisted of at least two different polypeptides (α1 and α2 chains). The peptide maps of PSC digested by pepsin were distinct from those of carp skin collagen. Denaturation temperatures, measured by melting point using circular dichroism, was 26.5 °C.The results suggest that squid skin collagen has potential as a possible underutilized resource used in various fields.


LWT ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Cruz-Gálvez ◽  
J. Castro-Rosas ◽  
M.L. Rodríguez-Marín ◽  
A. Cadena-Ramírez ◽  
A. Tellez-Jurado ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Trilokesh ◽  
Kiran Babu Uppuluri

Abstract In the present work, sustainable nanomaterials, cellulose, and spherical cellulose nanocrystals (SCNCs) were isolated from the non-edible parts of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). Of the three different methods tested, sodium chlorite treatment produced the highest yield of cellulose, 20.08 ± 0.05% w/w (dry weight). Peaks observed in CP/MAS 13C NMR spectrum and FTIR frequencies revealed the presence of α-cellulose and absence of other biomass fractions like hemicellulose and lignin. XRD analysis showed a high crystallinity of 83.42%. An appearance of a sharp endothermal peak at 323 °C in DSC and decomposition patterns between 310–420 °C of TGA confirms the presence of cellulose. Further, Sulphuric acid hydrolysis was employed to produce SCNCs and examined by TEM for the morphology and by HPLC for the presence of glucose.


2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
W Lintang ◽  
T Susetyo-Salim ◽  
A Oetari ◽  
W Sjamsuridzal

Abstract Fungi are the main cause of old manuscript deterioration since manuscripts provide carbon source and nutrient for fungal growth. Isolation of fungi from deteriorated old manuscripts from Banyumas was carried out and their morphology, xerophilic, and cellulolytic nature were investigated. Two deteriorated old dluwang manuscripts showed fungal spores, brown spots, and discoloured paper. Based on morphological characteristics, 31 fungal isolates belonged to five genera (Aspergillus Micheli, Cladosporium Link, Curvularia Boedijn, Penicillium Link, Ulocladium Preuss). These genera have been reported from deteriorated old manuscripts from several historical places in Indonesia. Xerophilic character was shown by 90% (28 isolates) as determined by growth in DG18 medium, which indicated the ability to grow in dry substrates such as old manuscripts. Cellulolytic character was shown by 93.5% (29 isolates) as determined by growth in dluwang paper and merang paper, which indicated that the papers were used as carbon sources and substrates. After 30 days-incubation, the dry weight loss of merang paper was 0.28-51.2%. Result from Scanning Electron Microscopy showed that the deterioration of merang paper were caused by the isolates as shown by the presence of fungal structures. These results showed that the fungal isolates were able to deteriorate old manuscripts from Banyumas, Indonesia.


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