FORMULATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF ASAVA OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (08) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
S. V. Patil ◽  
◽  
V. R Aralelimath ◽  
V. A. Mahajan ◽  
N. R. Inamdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Scientific Quality ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Study Results

Asavas and Arishtaare alcoholic medicaments are prepared by allowing the herbal juices or their decoctions to undergo fermentation with the addition of sugar. Standardization of ayurvedic formulation is essential in order to assess the quality of drugs. In the present study standardization of asava from Syzygium cumini, known to be effective in diabetics, has been performed.Asava formulation was prepared by reported traditional method of ayurveda. Formulation has been standardized by modern scientific quality control procedure for the finished productas. Standardization of asava was achieved by organoleptic study, physicochemical parameters such as pH, specific gravity, total solid content, acid value, alcohol content, refractive index, total reducing sugars and stability study. results reveal that the physicochemical parameters were within the limits and the values could be used to establish and formulate procedures for standardization and quality controlling of these ayurvedic formulations.

Formulation and Standardization of Asava from Carica papaya

2021 ◽  
pp. 2211-2215
Author(s):  
Rohile V. Y. ◽  
Patil V. M. ◽  
Patil S. S. ◽  
Desai A. V. ◽  
Inamdar N. R.
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Content Index ◽  
Control Procedures

Asava and Arishta are alcoholic medicaments prepared by allowing the herbal juices or their decoctions to undergo fermentation with the addition of sugar. Standardization of ayurvedic formulation is important so as to assess the standard of medication. Within the present study standardization of asava from fruit tree Carica papaya, known to be effective in Dengue fever, Cancer cell growth inhibition, Antimalarial has been performed. Asava formulation was prepared by the normal method of Ayurveda. The formulation has been standardized by modern scientific control procedures for the finished products. Standardization of asava was achieved by organoleptic study, physicochemical parameters like PH, denseness, total solid content, amount, alcohol content, index of refraction, total reducing sugars, and stability study. The results have revealed that the physicochemical parameters were within the bounds and also the values may be wont to establish and formulate procedures for standardization and quality controlling of those ayurvedic formulations.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF FERMENTING AGENTS ON MARKETED PATENT PROPRIETARY FORMULATION ASHWAGANDHA KALPA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ambika Thakur ◽  
Renuka Thakur ◽  
Dileep Singh Baghel
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Quantitative Assay ◽  
Marked Variation ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Total Solid Content

  Objective: The present work is aimed to formulate Ashwagandha kalpa and evaluate the impact of fermenting agent.Methods: A. kalpa is a marketed patent proprietary Ayurvedic product prepared by adopting the Ayurvedic principles of madya sandhana and it belongs to the class of formulations known as Sandhana kalpana. It is given to the patients suffering from hypertension, insomnia, paralysis, loss of concentration, etc. In the preparation of madya sandhana, the sandhana dravya (fermenting agents) play a key role. The present study was taken up to see the effect of three different sandhana dravya (fermenting agents), i.e., Dhataki pushpa (DAK), Madhuka (MAK), and yeast (YAK) on the formulation characterization of A. kalpa.Results: The prepared samples were tested for their physicochemical parameters, i.e., total solid, pH, specific gravity, sugar content, alcohol content, refractive index, phytochemical screening, quantitative assay for secondary metabolites, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. The findings of phytochemical evaluation, quantitative assay, and HPTLC fingerprint show marked variation among three different prepared samples of A. kalpa. The preliminary phytochemical estimation for the detection of secondary metabolites was done. The study revealed the presence of highest percentage of alkaloids in YAK, tannins in DAK and saponins in YAK. Total solid content was found to the highest in MAK. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, total solid content, refractive index, alcohol content, and specific gravity also showed marked variation. Alcohol content for the DAK and YAK was found same.Conclusion: sandhana dravya (fermenting agent) causes variations in different physicochemical and phytochemical parameters in the formulation and development of A. kalpa.

scholarly journals A preliminary phyto-pharmacognostical evaluation of Opuntia elatior Mill. (Nagaphani or Hathalo-thore) fruit

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemil Patel ◽  
Shashikant Prajapati ◽  
Rabinarayan Acharya ◽  
Harisha CR ◽  
Vinay Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
The Common ◽  
Coloring Matter

In Gujarat, Opuntia elatior Mill., a member of Cactaceae family known as Nagaphani or Hathlo-thore has been reported for its traditional uses as a medicinal plant. It is used as remedy in different disease conditions like anaemia, asthma etc. by tribal of Gujarat state. A detailed pharmacognostical character and pharmaceutical analysis of its fruit is not reported still yet. An attempt has been made to study the macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical parameters and HPTLC profile of its fruit following standard procedures. Results show in Transverse section of unripe fruit, presence of outer exocarp layer with rosette crystals, followed by mesocarp and inner endocarp. Transverse section of ripen fruits, shows presence of same characters as fresh unripe fruit except the presence of betacyanins in its mesocarp layer. Powder microscopy of mature fruit shows diagnostic characters like multicellular tri chomes, rosette crystals of calcium oxalate, coloring matter and starch grains. The ash value of O. elatior fruit   is 3.59 % w/w, pH - 5.27, total solid content - 10.83 %, viscosity - 5.11 and Specific gravity is 1.042. HPTLC study showed the presence of four and two spots in short and long UV respectively, among them, 0.04 and 0.97 are the common Rf value. These observed pharmacognostical, physicochemical parameters and HPTLC profile may be useful to establish the botanical standards for identification and standardization of O. elatior fruit

FORMULATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF AVALEHA PREPARATION FROM BENINCASA HISPIDA

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (06) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
S. V Patil ◽  
◽  
S. S. Patil ◽  
N. R. Inamdar ◽  
V. A Mahajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Scientific Quality ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Benincasa Hispida ◽  
Total Reducing Sugars ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Evaluation Parameters

Standardization of Ayurvedic formulation is essential in order to assess the quality of drugs. Avaleha is “a semisolid preparation which is prepared by reboiling of decoction etc., till it solidifies and attains signs of proper cooking and consistency. The present study deals with standardization of Avaleha from Benincasa hispida , known to be effective in caugh and chronic respiratory diseases. Avaleha formulation was prepared by reported traditional method of Ayurveda. Formulation was standardized by modern scientific quality control procedure for the finished products. Standardization of Avaleha was achieved by organoleptic study and by studing physicochemical parameters such as pH, TLC, Loss on drying, Extractive values, ash value, total reducing sugars and stability study. The results showed that the physicochemical parameters were well within the standard limits and the values could be used to establish and formulate procedures for standardization and quality controll of these ayurvedic formulations. The study revealed that the standardization parameters could be used at commercial level for such formulations. Also comparison with the marketed formulation with satisfactory evaluation parameters justifies the stability of the method.

APLIKASI PROSES DIGESTASI ANAEROBIK LUMPUR BIOLOGI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KERTAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina S. Soetopo ◽  
Sri Purwati ◽  
Henggar Hardiani ◽  
Mukharomah Nur Aini ◽  
Krisna Adhitya Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Average Value

A continuous pilot scale study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion of biological sludge. The sludge has a total solid content of 0.53% - 1.1%, pH of 7.20 to 7.32. Its organic content is about 97 %, The research were conducted in two stages, which are acidification (performed in 3 m3 the Continously Stirred Tank Reactor/CSTR at pH of 5.5 to 6.0) and methanation (performed in 5 m3 the Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket/UASB reactor at pH 6.5 to 7.0). The retention time (RT) was gradually shortened from 6 days to 1 day for acidification and from 8 days to 2 days for methanation. The results showed that operating the CSTR at the RT of 1 day and the organic loading of 8.23 g Volatile Solid (VS)/m3.day could produce Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) at an average value of 17.3 g/kg VS.day. Operating the UASB reactor at the RT of 2 days and the organic loading (Chemical Oxygen Demand/COD) of 2.4 kg COD/m3.day could produce biogas at an average value of 66.3 L/day, with an average methane content of 69.9%, methane rate of 0.17 L CH4/g COD reduction or 19.06 L CH4/kg VS. Furthermore, methanation could reduce COD at an average value of 51.2 %, resulting in the effluent average value of COD filtrate and COD total of 210.1 mg/L and 375.2 mg /L, respectively.Keywords: acidification, methanation, CSTR, UASB, biogas ABSTRAKPercobaan digestasi anaerobik lumpur IPAL biologi industri kertas secara kontinyu skala pilot telah dilakukan di industri kertas dengan tujuan mengkaji efektivitas proses digestasi anaerobik dalam mengolah lumpur tersebut. Lumpur yang digunakan memiliki total solids sekitar 0,53% – 1,1%, pH netral (7,20 – 7,32) dengan komponen utama senyawa organik sekitar 97%. Percobaan dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu asidifikasi dalam reaktor CSTR berkapasitas 3 m3 pada pH 5,5 – 6,0 dan metanasi dalam reaktor UASB berkapasitas 5 m3 pada pH 6,5 – 7,0. Percobaan dilakukan dengan waktu retensi yang dipersingkat secara bertahap dari 6 hari ke 1 hari untuk proses asidifikasi dan dari 8 hari ke 2 hari untuk proses metanasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengoperasian reaktor CSTR dengan waktu retensi 1 hari dan beban organik 8,3 g VS/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan VFA rata-rata 17,3 g/kg VS.hari dengan kisaran 8,36 – 30,59 g/kg VS.hari, sedangkan pengoperasian reaktor UASB pada waktu retensi 2 hari dan beban organik 2,4 kg COD/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan biogas rata-rata 66,3 L/hari dengan kadar metana rata-rata 69,9% atau 0,17 L CH4/g COD reduksi atau 19,06 L CH4/kg VS. Selain itu proses metanasi dapat menurunkan COD terlarut rata-rata 51,2%, dengan konsentrasi efluen COD terlarut  rata-rata 210,1 mg/L dan COD total rata-rata 375,2 mg/L.Kata kunci: asidifikasi, metanasi, CSTR, UASB, biogas

A simple design and operation for the anaerobic treatment of highly concentrated swine waste in the tropics

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Y. Yang ◽  
M. Kuroshima
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Biological Reaction ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Small Producers

In order to develop a simple operation for an anaerobic treatment process for highly concentrated pig wastewater for small producers, a three-stage anaerobic treatment process was investigated. The system provided a series of mixing, homogenization, biological reaction and final stabilization of concentrated pig waste (total solid content of 8–10%). The process provided a stable operational performance, simple operational procedure and well stabilized sludge effluent. It was also found that the system is economically feasible in Hawaii. Compared to the other treatment processes for highly concentrated pig waste, this process is considered as an appropriate alternative for the application of the small producers in land limited and tropical conditions. Also, the present treatment system can be easily developed into a prefabricated package plant which can minimize the on-site labor and building costs.

Composition of beagle dog milk

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Luick ◽  
Harold R. Parker ◽  
A. C. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Beagle Dog ◽  
The Mean

A statistical study has been made of the composition of the major C-containing compounds taken from beagle dog milk during the 3rd through 5th week of lactation. The mean values are as follows: 26% total solids, 13% fat, 3.3% lactose and 9.8% protein. Total solid content was found to vary with fat content according to the equation: % total solids = 15.6 + 0.85 % fat.

Preparation of an Active Packaging Material and its Application on Strawberry Preservation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 643-647
Author(s):  
Ya Bo Fu ◽  
Wen Cai Xu ◽  
Lu Fu ◽  
Dong Li Li ◽  
Jian Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control Release ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Active Packaging ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Taste Evaluation ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Fruit Preservation ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Temperatures

To reduce the loss of fresh fruits during transportation and storage, an active packaging (AP) material which could control release fungicide was prepared by melting, blowing film and composite method firstly. Then, its preservation effects on strawberry at different storage temperatures were investigated systematically. Several properties of preserved strawberries were measured periodically, including gas concentration of the package atmosphere and the physiological parameters contains decay rate, total solid content, as well as the sensory and taste evaluation were measured. The experimental results show that this AP material is helpful to fruit preservation, especially at lower temperature. It can prohibit the strawberry respiration, retard fungus growth and thus significantly extend the shelf-life of fresh strawberry.

Dynamic effect of total solid content, low substrate/inoculum ratio and particle size on solid-state anaerobic digestion

2013 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-C. Motte ◽  
R. Escudié ◽  
N. Bernet ◽  
J.-P. Delgenes ◽  
J.-P. Steyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Small Nucleolar RNAs and Their Roles in Regulating Latex Regeneration in the Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Zhi Deng ◽  
Dingwei Yu ◽  
Xiaofei Zhang ◽  
Zewei An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Small Nucleolar Rnas ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Latex Regeneration ◽  
Nucleolar Rnas

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of conserved nuclear RNAs that play important roles in the modification of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) in plants. In rubber trees, rRNAs are run off with latex flow during tapping and need to be regenerated for maintaining the functions of the laticifer cells. SnoRNAs are expected to play essential roles in the regeneration of rRNAs. However, snoRNAs in the rubber tree have not been sufficiently characterized thus far. In this study, we performed nuclear RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify snoRNAs globally and investigate their roles in latex regeneration. We identified a total of 3,626 snoRNAs by computational prediction with nuclear RNA-seq data. Among these snoRNAs, 50 were highly expressed in latex; furthermore, the results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed the abundant expression of 31 of these snoRNAs in latex. The correlation between snoRNA expression and adjusted total solid content (TSC/C) identified 13 positively yield-correlated snoRNAs. To improve the understanding of latex regeneration in rubber trees, we developed a novel insulated tapping system (ITS), which only measures the latex regenerated in specific laticifers. Using this system, a laticifer-abundant snoRNA, HbsnoR28, was found to be highly correlated with latex regeneration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to globally identify snoRNAs that might be involved in latex regeneration regulation and provide new clues for unraveling the mechanisms underlying the regulation of latex regeneration.

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