REVIEW ON ETHNOMEDICINAL USES, PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVIDENCE ON LEAF EXTRACT OF PERSEA AMERICANA AND VERNONIA AMYGDALINA OF THE AFRICAN CONTINENT - A REVIEW

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (01) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
A Boadu ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
R Karpoormath ◽  
M. Nlooto ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
English Language ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

People on the African continent frequently consume Persea americana and Vernonia amygdalina for food and medicinal purposes. The review is an effort to compile ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge is the above two plants from the year 2000 till now. A search was carried out using a combination of several keywords : Persea americana, Vermonia amygdalina, traditional medicine, ethnomedicine, avocado, bitter leaf and integrated approaches. Published papers in English language were retrieved from the online bibliographical databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Cochrane library electronic databases. Findings from this review revealed that leaf extract of P. americana and V. amygdalina have been used in many local African communities for management of various diseases. Ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological properties of leaf extracts of P. americana and V. amygdalina may justify polyherbal formulation involving the two plants in the treatment of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and other diseases.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Constituents and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Millingtonia hortensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 589-597
Author(s):  
Warachate KHOBJAI ◽  
Orapit SUTHIVATTANAKUL ◽  
Somsiri PANUWATTANAWONG
Keyword(s):  
Ache Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Ellman’S Method

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an important neurotransmitter in the human brain and nervous system. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are commonly used to improve cognitive function and exist in many plants, including Millingtonia hortensis. M. hortensis, a Thai medicinal plant, has been used as a smoke delivered bronchodilator. The aims of this study were to identify phytochemical constituents and evaluate the cholinesterase inhibitory activity of M. hortensis leaves and flower extracts. The phytochemical identifications were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The inhibitory activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were measured through kinetic enzyme analysis by Ellman’s method. The results showed that all the extracts exhibited specific AChEIs less than 30 % inhibition. While only the chloroform leaf extract inhibited BChE below 30 % inhibitory activities at 5.0 mg/mL. The GC-MS fingerprints revealed 15 main phytochemical constituents in the crude extracts. Additionally, all plant extracts showed antioxidant activity. The leaf extracts were non-poisonous when AChE activity is decreased by 20 - 30 % compared to normal AChE activity.

scholarly journals Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced fibrotic rats: effect of Vernonia amygdalina on extracellular matrix and Hepatic/lysosomal integrity

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Usunomena Usunobun ◽  
Ngozi Okolie
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Lysosomal Membrane ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Protein ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Lysosomal Membrane Stability ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Hepatic fibrosis is the accumulation of extracellular matrix protein, or scar, in response to acute or chronic liver injury. This study investigated the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of <em>Vernonia amygdalina</em> on extracellular matrix protein: hyaluronic acid (HA), liver synthetic molecules: total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB) as well as lysosomal membrane stability: acid phosphatase (ACP) in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced fibrotic rats.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Wistar albino male rats were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg DMN on first three days a week for two weeks. Ethanolic leaf extracts of <em>Vernonia amygdalina</em> (200 mg /kg) was administered simultaneously by oral gavage daily for two weeks. All rats were sacrificed after 24 hours of last administration by cardiac puncture, and blood collected from the ocular vein. Analysis of serum ACP and LDH activities with those of the concentrations of HA, ALB, TP and TB were carried out.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Administration of DMN to rats significantly increased HA and TB concentration and the activities of ACP and LDH (p&lt;0.05) in the serum while it significantly reduced (p&lt;0.05) serum TP and ALB concentrations when compared with controls. However, simultaneous administration of ethanolic leaf extracts of <em>Vernonia amygdalina</em> with DMN significantly (p&lt;0.05) reversed these changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study shows that <em>Vernonia amygdalina</em> possesses hepatoprotective, lysosomal membrane stabilizing and anti-fibrotic properties may be due to its antioxidant and phytochemical constituents.</p>

scholarly journals ELECTRODEPOSITION OF SILVER THIN FILMS ON A GOLD SUBSTRATE IN THE PRESENCE OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM (Og) AND VERNONIA AMYGDALINA (Va) PLANT LEAF EXTRACTS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
R. E. Mfon ◽  
Z Al Amri ◽  
A Sarua
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Silver Film ◽  
Gold Substrate ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Silver Deposition ◽  
Silver Films ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Silver Thin Films ◽  
Electrodeposition Of Silver

Electrodeposition an advanced thin film deposition method originally used for decorative purposes and now widely used in industrial applications such as electronics, phonics, magnetic recording and protective coatings, has also been used for the production of size and structure-controlled nanoparticles. In this research, the electrodeposition of silver (Ag) films on gold (Au) substrates with two plant (Ocimum gratissimum (Og) and Vernonia amygdalina (Va) leaf extracts as additives was explored . The effect of these leaf extracts immediately after addition and after a prolonged exposure in the electrolyte on the silver deposits was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV).  Silver thin films were electrodeposited on gold film from an electrolyte of 5 mM AgNO3  and later 5 mM AgNO3 +0.1 M KNO3 for 10 minutes, using a double potential step protocol and potentials -0.15 V and -0.3 V with and without the  plant leaf extracts. As silver was grown on the gold substrate, silver nanoparticles were also discovered to have been formed in the electrolyte. Though the deposition potential in the presence of the plant leaf extracts affected the kinetics of the silver deposition on the gold substrate, it only slightly affected the silver film thickness on the gold.   CV graphs with the plant leaf extracts show lower current densities indicating a slowing down of the deposition/dissolution rates of silver probably due to the adsorption of the leaf extracts on the surface of the growing silver films which may have affected the transport of silver ions (Ag+) towards the electrode and impacted on the silver deposition/dissolution kinetics. The deposited silver film thickness was 7 nm to 8 nm with the Og leaf extract and 1.5 nm to 2 nm with the Va leaf extract. Atomic Force microscope (AFM) was used for viewing the silver films and the mean grain sizes of the Og silver films was calculated to be . This was larger than those of the Va silver films calculated to be While the Va silver films surface roughness was higher at 10.6 , that of the Og silver film was 9.3.

Preliminary phytochemical screening, isolation and structural elucidation of chloroform leaf extracts of Maesa lanceolata

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study was to screen the phytochemical constituents, isolate and elucidate the structure of chloroform extracts from the leaves of Maesa lanceolata. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract of Maesa lanceolata was done following standard procedures and the tests revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides and saponins in the crude extracts. The chloroform extract of the leaves of M. lanceolata led to the isolation of one compound, C1. Structure determination was accomplished by means of spectroscopic methods (IR, 13C and 1H NMR). According to the spectral data (IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and DEPT), probably Myrsenene was identified which is reported for the first time from M. lanceolata.

scholarly journals Evaluation of phytochemical screening of Coleus forskohlii L. leaf extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-439
Author(s):  
Pavitra Dasari ◽  
◽  
Nirmala Baburao ◽  
Sudhakar Chekuri ◽  
Anupalli Roja Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Western India ◽  
Coleus Forskohlii ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Guinea Worm ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Coleus forskohlii L. plant Extract is derived from roots and leaves from Coleus forskohlii. Coleus is used in India and China folk medicines and is a traditional digestive remedy. Currently this plants levees and roots are extensively cultivated is Southern and western India. Forskohlii helps to lower blood pressure, dilates the blood vessels. Traditionally claimed to be constructive in the cure of cutaneous affections such as scabies, guinea worm, eczema and herpetic diseases. Conversely, there are no customary scientific reports for its antipsoriatic activity. Hence, the plant Coleus forskohlii has been chosen to establish scientific data for its traditional claim as anti-cancer. In the present study a chemical test performed against the, all the phytochemical constituents for their preliminary screening of each solvent extract of leaf like water, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and acetone. From the phytochemical investigation of the leaf extracts; the result is revealed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and lipids in all the solvent extracts. But phenols are more retain in methanolic leaf extract remain all the phytochemical constituents

scholarly journals Histopathological effect of aqueous bitter leaf extract (Vernonia amygdalina) on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in albino rat (Rattus norvegicus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
C. O. Raimi ◽  
W. A. Oyelade ◽  
A. O. Iyanda
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Group 2

Liver diseases are a worldwide problem. Medicinal plants are being increasingly utilized to treat a wide variety of diseases, liver disorder inclusive. The effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina on acetaminophen-induced liver damage via the assessment of the histopathological examination was examined. Five groups of albino rats were used (n = 5). Animals in group 1 were fed normal laboratory pellet and water ad libitum (Control); those in group 2 received 3000mg/kg of acetaminophen alone. Groups 3, 4 and 5 received 3000mg/kg of acetaminophen and in addition 50mg/kg Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract. 100mg/kg Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract and 200mg/kg Silymarin, respectively for 14 days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the animals were sacrificed. The organs (liver) was excised and used for the histopathological examination. Histological examinations of the liver showed acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Histology of the liver revealed altered cellular architecture (poor architecture, moderate to severe congestion of the portal vein as well as severe peri portal infiltration of inflammatory cells, the liver parenchyma also showed area with destroyed liver plates with severe hemorrhage and necrosis. The morphology of the hepatocytes showed some degenerated liver cells, the liver parenchyma also showed focal area of moderate aggregate of inflammatory cells) following administration of acetaminophen (Group 2). Normal histological features were restored after treatment with aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina. The study has demonstrated that aqueous leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina ameliorate liver of rats against acetaminophen-induced toxicity and modulates the adverse effects of acetaminophen on the liver

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pterospermum suberifolium L. Willd Leaves for the Phytochemical Constituents and their in vitro Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-553
Author(s):  
Baskar Mohan ◽  
Vadamalai Krishnan K ◽  
Muthuraman K
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

The present study was intended to investigate the phytochemical constituents present in the leaves of Pterospermum suberifolium L. WILLD and the in vitro  antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the various extracts prepared by different solvents including aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane. The crude extracts were screened for the presence of various phytochemical constituents and the presence of phenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids were ascertained. The quantitative estimation of phenols and flavonoids were determined. The antioxidant activities of the plant leaf extracts were determined by the DPPH assay, the Phosphomolybdenum assay and the Nitric oxide scavenging assay. It was found that methanolic leaf extract of P. suberifolium possessed high antioxidant activity and found to have potential phytochemical constituents. 

Antibacterial Activities of Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Leaf Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Puspa Julistia Puspita ◽  
Mega Safithri ◽  
Nirmala Peni Sugiharti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Herbal Plants

Piper crocatum is one of medicinal herbal plants with a large number of benefits. Usually herbal plants have activity as antibacterial agent. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to obtain information on antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum againts four types of bacteria, in that Staphylococcus, Bacillus substilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and then to analyze the phytochemistry of the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum. The leaves of Piper crocatum were extracted by maceration and reflux using ethanol 30%. The assays of the antibacterial activities and phytochemistry on the extracts were carried out using the method of Maria Bintang. Results showed that the yield of the extraction using ethanol by maceration method was 20.8%. Meanwhile, using the reflux method, the yield was obtained about 26.25%. The phytochemistry analysis showed that the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum contained alkaloid, steroid and tanin. According to this study, it was found that the leaf extract of Piper crocatum can be used to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis and P. aeuruginosa, but can not inhibit the growth of E.coli and S. aureus.

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