Spending the Queen’s Shilling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Dominy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Financial Expenditure ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
Economic Influence ◽  
Peace And War

This chapter examines the economic influence of the Natal garrison and its costs to the taxpayer in times of both peace and war. In particular, it analyzes the influence of the British Army's prolonged presence on the local economy from five angles: the imperial government's financial expenditure on the garrison; the question of supplies; the degree of economic security provided by the presence of the garrison; its impact on the livestock market and on transport; and the exploitation of African labor, particularly during times of war. The chapter also considers the two major strands in the colonial economy that produced competing political interests: the commercial and the agricultural sectors.

Mtunya: Famine in Central Tanzania, 1917–20

1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Maddox
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
Loss Of Autonomy ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
Colonial Government

In the Dodoma Region of central Tanzania the people called Wagogo name a famine that struck between 1917 and 1920 the Mtunya—‘The Scramble’. This famine came after both German and British miliary requisitions had drained the arid region of men, cattle and food. The famine, which killed 30,000 of the region's 150,000 people, is more than just a good example of what John Iliffe has called ‘conjunctural poverty’. The Mtunya and the response to it by both the people of the region and the new colonial government also shaped the form of the interaction between local economy and society and the political economy of colonial Tanganyika. The Gogo, in their own interpretation of the famine, stress the ways in which this famine made them dependent on the colonial economy. For them, this famine represented a terrible loss of autonomy, a loss of the ability to control the reproduction of their own society.

Treaties, Borders, and the Partition of Africa

1966 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saadia Touval
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
African Politics ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Contractual Obligation ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Territorial Claims

The article questions the contention that, in the process of partition and the delimitation of borders in Africa, no account was taken of local conditions. The possibility of indirect African influence on the process is examined. At least some of the treaties concluded between Europeans and African rulers were genuine, and regarded as a contractual obligation by both sides. There were cases of African rulers seeking to promote their political interests by entering into an alliance with Europeans. Such treaties were sometimes utilized by European powers in their negotiations with rivals, to support their territorial claims. There were some attempts to define colonial borders so that they coincided with the frontiers of traditional African politics. Thus, treaties between African rulers and Europeans played a role in the process of the partition. In this connexion, it is important to remember that traditional African polities were often polyethnic, or encompassed only a segment of an ethnic group, and did not correspond to the modern European concept of ‘nation states’. There were also occasions in which questions regarding the local economy and communications were considered when borders were delimited. The considerations employed may have been wrong. But it seems necessary to modify the generalization that local circumstances were disregarded in the border-making process.

scholarly journals Implementation of the law of the Eurasian Economic Union in national criminal law

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 04065
Author(s):  
Valery Lapshin ◽  
Nadezhda Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Member States ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Post Soviet Space

Currently, one can observe the process of active economic integration and cooperation, in the post-Soviet space. This is possible due to mutual economic and political interests, ensuring the protection of the interests of national producers, and obtaining competitive advantages of domestic goods in comparison with similar products of Western European and Asian manufacturers. The solution to all these problems is facilitated by the creation of a single international organization of the post-Soviet space the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), the territory of its member states already constitutes a single customs space. Activities of the EAEU are associated with the adoption of a significant number of regulatory international legal acts. Implementation of these acts will be satisfactory only if the EAEU member states properly implement it in the national legislation. At present, several types of implementation of international law provisions in the national legislation of a particular country are distinguished in legislative activity: reception, transformation, referral, incorporation, ratification. Law enforcement practice also deserves special attention, including decisions of international courts binding in a single state. As a result of the study, the most preferred forms of implementation of the EAEU regulatory acts into the national law systems of its participants: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia, were established. In addition, it was concluded that it is necessary to unify provisions of the criminal law of the listed states in terms of establishing liability for customs offenses. This decision will positively affect protection of both the interests of individual participants in economic relations and the economic security of each union state.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF A CHANGING SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

New Medit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin Ignatov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Future ◽  
Present World

The speed the present world changes, is at least impressive. During the last decade the global socio-economic environment faced major adjustments dictated by globalisation, technological progress and political interests. The European Union seems to fail in keeping up with the changing environment. Thus, if in 2007 the European Union represented 30.7% of the global nominal GDP, then in 2016 it accounted only for 21.7% (World Bank). The economic positions of the European Union have declined much as compared to the rest of the world the fact which inevitably leads to the decrease of the community’s political and economic strength. The main scope of the present paper is to assess the extent to which the economic security of the European Union has changed in the period of 2007-2017. At the same time, it has been proposed to identify the main subversive factors which affected the economic security of the European Union in the period of 2007-2017 and threaten the future perspectives of the Union. The results reached by the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis explicitly point out that economic security is decreasing and the identified threats menace the future existence of the European Union.

The Impact of Railroads on The Malayan Economy, 1874–1941

1980 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarjit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The West ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
Economic Specialization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Capitalist Enterprise

The main contention of this essay is that railways in Malaya were constructed specifically to serve the tin and rubber industries which were dominated by Western capitalist enterprise. The railroads were concentrated in the west coast states, reinforcing the trend toward economic specialization that had already begun. The pattern of subsequent capital investment which was related to railroad development produced wide regional inequalities. It gave rise to a spatial dualism that was most evident in the emergence of export-oriented enclaves and the associated infrastructure in the western states, leaving the eastern states outside the mainstream of capitalist development. The railways did not stimulate well-rounded economic development in the country because they had little or no multiplier effect on the local economy. The benefits of railroad construction accrued largely to the British economy. I seek to make clear the links between railway development in Malaya, the emergence of an extractive-colonial economy heavily specialized in tin and rubber, and the incorporation of the country into the international capitalist system.

“They Need to Give Us a Voice”: Lessons from Listening to Unaccompanied Central American and Mexican Children on Helping Children Like Themselves

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Central American ◽  
Police Corruption ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Unaccompanied Children ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Mexican Migrant ◽  
Child Migration

Children make up half of the world’s refugees, yet limited research documents the views of youth about migratory causes and recommendations. While there is wide recognition of migrant children’s right to free expression, few opportunities exist to productively exercise that right and provide input about their views. This article analyzes the responses of Central American and Mexican migrant children to one interview question regarding how to help youth like themselves, and identifies several implied “no-win” situations as potential reasons for the migration decisions of unaccompanied children. Furthermore, the children’s responses highlight the interconnected nature of economics, security, and education as migratory factors. Examination of children’s political speech revealed primarily negative references regarding their home country’s government, the president, and the police. The police were singled out more than any other public figures, with particular emphasis on police corruption and ineffectiveness. Additional analysis focused on children’s comments regarding migration needs and family.Recommendations for future action include:recognizing entwined motivations and no-win situations that may lead children to leave their countries of origin;promoting integrated approaches to home country economic, security, and education concerns for Central American and Mexican youth;acknowledging migrant children’s political interests and concerns;providing youth with meaningful opportunities to contribute their views and suggestions.incorporating migrant children’s input and concerns into spending plans for US aid appropriated for Central America; andemphasizing youth leadership development in efforts to address child migration. 

The Politics of Consensus in an Age of Affluence

1965 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 874-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Individual Effect ◽  
Social Effect ◽  
Politics And Government ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

Marx is surely right when he says that the way men earn their living shapes their relations to each other and to the state; but this is, of course, only the beginning. Aside from all the other non-economic factors which also have these effects, there is the matter of the source of income, the level of income, and, especially, the security of income. Moreover, each of these factors has both an individual effect, a set of influences apparent in the study of individual enrichment or immiseration, and a social effect, the influences which appear when whole societies become richer or more secure economically. So I am led to inquire into what is happening to men's political interests, behavior, and attitudes toward politics and government in an Age of Affluence, a period when men's economic security and income have increased and when, for the first time in history, it appears likely that the business cycle can now be controlled. Like Marx's, my interest is in change over time.

scholarly journals Spatial Differentiation of Synthetic Measure of Economic Security of Local Government. Case Study of Financial Variables of The Cities in The Eastern Poland Macro-Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Paweł Dziekański ◽  
Juliusz Piwowarski
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Security Culture ◽  
Financial Variables

Abstract In this article the authors focus on the element of security culture which is economic security. It is the ability of an economic system to use internal factors of development on a local level and international economic interdependence in such a way that it can guarantee its safe development. Stability and certainty of funding sources determine the scope and level of public services and tasks of a municipality that it fulfils. Economic security is a resulting category that allows to assess functioning of security culture from the perspective of local economy. The aim of the article is to provide determinants of shaping of economic security in Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship municipalities in the context of selected elements of financial management for 2010 and 2015. In the calculations the data of the Central Statistical Office (Local Data Bank) were used. The determined synthetic measure allows to arrange Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship municipalities according to the examined aspect. It gives the basis for evaluation of effectiveness of economic policy instruments that were applied in the past. They provide a comparative picture between the objects that were analysed, allow to indicate weaker and better areas of functioning of a unit.

scholarly journals Role of China and Iran in Afghanistan Peace Process

sjesr ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-432
Author(s):  
Dr. Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Dr. Mansoor Ahmed ◽  
Aamir Junaid
Keyword(s):  
Peace Process ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Important State

China and Iran are the two important neighboring states of Afghanistan. Afghanistan shares a long border of 936 km with Iran but a small border of 76 km with China. China is the most rapidly growing economic and military power of the World with a large number of people. China has great economic, security, and political interests in Afghanistan. China is keen to get natural resources from Afghanistan. China is using regional organizations like SCO and SAARC to get closer to Afghanistan. China is trying to bring peace to Afghanistan so that Afghanistan could get economic benefits from Chinese expertise. Iran is another important state that has stakes in Afghanistan has a historical connection with Kabul. The ouster of the Taliban from power provided a chance to Iran to enhance its historical and cultural ties with Afghanistan. American presence on Iran's eastern border is a great worry for the religious-minded state of Iran. Iran has cordial relations with the Afghan government in Kabul and working on various projects in Afghanistan. Iran also has ties with hard-core militants of the Taliban. This paper highlights the relations of China and Iran with Afghanistan. This paper also shows the role of China and Iran in the Afghan peace process.

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