Affect, Haunting, and Memory Mapping

In this chapter, the author more fully develops the theoretical contours of memory mapping. Grounded in study of the Salvadoran documentary El Lugar Más Pequeño (The Tiniest Place, 2011), the author investigates connections between: performative visuality as a means of transmitting embodied knowledge and place-making; haunting, memory, testimony, and affect. This chapter is guided by the following: How do we render visually and affectively knowable the ongoing negotiations of living among the ruins of history? What is the relationship between memory and affect? How might the lens of memory mapping offer new perceptions and understandings of the post-conflict period?

RELIGION AND POLITICS IN THE CONTEMPORARY TURKISH-SPEAKING WORLD - POLITICS AND RELIGION JOURNAL ◽

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS ELITE IN CONTEMPORARY MACEDONIAN SOCIETY

10.54561/prj0501129m ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 129-140

Author(s):

Dushka Matevska

Keyword(s):

Roman Empire ◽

Political Parties ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Political Elite ◽

The Political ◽

Post Conflict ◽

The People ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Church ◽

In contrast to the political parties which are a relatively new social phenomenon, the religiosity is a universal social one which has been incorporated in almost every significant civilization and was established on the grounds of a certain religious component. Regarding the Christianity, this act has been directly bounded to the recognition of the Christianity as an official religion of the Roman Empire which led to an impermissible relationship between the church and the state. The Church began to neglect its holy duties more frequently by turning to secular ones. It was no longer a Church that served the people but, rather, it became a Church aspiring towards power and dominion. The focus of this paper will be the influence of the political elite on the religious situation in the Macedonian post-communist society. We will do our best to determine both the genesis and the reasons that led to such a firm link between the political parties of the Macedonian provenience and the Macedonian Orthodox Church, as well as the possible negative impact of this “matrimony” between the holy and the secular over the Macedonian multi-cultural, multi-ethnical and multi-confessional society especially in the post-conflict period.

Policing and the Legacies of Wartime State Predation: Evidence from a Survey and Field Experiment in Liberia

Journal of Conflict Resolution ◽

10.1177/00220027211013096 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002200272110130

Author(s):

Robert A. Blair ◽

Benjamin S. Morse

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Police Officers ◽

Positive Interactions ◽

Security Sector Reform ◽

Security Sector ◽

Sector Reform ◽

Positive Effects ◽

State Security ◽

Post Conflict ◽

How does violence during civil war shape citizens’ willingness to trust and rely on state security providers in the post-conflict period? Can post-conflict security sector reform restore perceptions of state security forces among victims of wartime state predation? Using a survey and field experiment in Liberia, we show that rebel-perpetrated violence is strongly positively correlated with trust and reliance on the police after conflict is over, while state-perpetrated violence is not. Victims of wartime state predation are, however, more likely to update their priors about the police in response to positive interactions with newly reformed police officers. We also show that abuses committed by police officers in the post-conflict period are negatively correlated with citizens’ perceptions of the police, potentially counteracting the positive effects of security sector reform. We corroborate our quantitative findings with detailed qualitative observations of interactions between civilians and police officers in the field.

Higher education, post-conflict democratization and the legacies of authoritarian rule: The Tripoli University Programme for Rebuilding Libya

Education Citizenship and Social Justice ◽

10.1177/1746197920981365 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174619792098136

Author(s):

Sansom Milton

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Middle East ◽

Civic Education ◽

Authoritarian Rule ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Transitional Processes ◽

The Arab Spring ◽

In this paper, the role of higher education in post-uprising Libya is analysed in terms of its relationship with transitional processes of democratization and civic development. It begins by contextualising the Libyan uprising within the optimism of the ‘Arab Spring’ transitions in the Middle East. Following this, the relationship between higher education and politics under the Qadhafi regime and in the immediate aftermath of its overthrow is discussed. A case-study of a programme designed to support Tripoli University in contributing towards democratisation will then be presented. The findings of the case-study will be reflected upon to offer a set of recommendations for international actors engaging in political and civic education in conflict-affected settings, in particular in the Middle East.

The labour of place: Memory and extended reality (XR) in migration museums

Memory Studies ◽

10.1177/17506980211010697 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 606-621

Author(s):

Anna Reading ◽

Jim Bjork ◽

Jack Hanlon ◽

Neil Jakeman

Keyword(s):

Web 2.0 ◽

Innovative Approach ◽

Place Making ◽

Place Memory ◽

Museum Exhibitions ◽

Global Mapping ◽

The Uk ◽

How do we understand the relationship between memory and place in the context of Extended Reality (XR) migration museum exhibitions? The study combines a global mapping of XR within migration museums, a user analysis of Cologne’s virtual migration museum, and practice-led research with the UK Migration Museum to argue that XR places in Web 2.0 constitute a multiplication of memory’s significant localities. These include a migration memory’s place of beginning (the location of a migrant experience), the place of production (where the memory is transformed into representation) and the place of consumption (where the mediated memory is engaged with, looked at, heard). Mnemonic labour involving digital frictions at each of these sites constitutes a form of multiple place-making with complex feelings, meanings, and (dis)connections. This points to an innovative approach to understanding and curating XR experiences with museums that recognises the significance of the labour of place.

The Rejection of Constitutional Incrementalism in Nepal's Federalisation

Federal Law Review ◽

10.1177/0067205x1804600403 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 521-540

Author(s):

Mara Malagodi

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Collective Identity ◽

Constitutional Amendment ◽

Divided Societies ◽

Contentious Issue ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Late Eighteenth Century ◽

Institutional Choices ◽

The Relationship ◽

Constitution Making

The relationship between federalism and identity was the single most contentious issue in the drafting of Nepal's 2015 Constitution, and remains an embattled feature of the country's post-conflict constitutional settlement. This article explains why ‘constitutional incrementalism'—the innovative constitution-making strategy for deeply divided societies theorised by Hanna Lerner—was ultimately (and wisely) rejected in Nepal's federalisation process. Historically a unitary state since its creation in the late eighteenth century, Nepal committed itself to federal restructuring in 2007, but profound disagreements endured over the set of institutional choices concerning the features of Nepal's federal arrangements throughout the constitution-making process (2008–15). Constitutional incrementalism with its emphasis on deferral, ambiguity and contradiction was thought of in some quarters as a pragmatic and instrumental way out of Nepal's political impasse. In the end, the 2015 Constitution expressly named the provinces (even if by just using numbers) and demarcated their boundaries already at the time of its promulgation. Any changes to this framework can only take place by way of constitutional amendment. This article explains why the incrementalist approach was rejected in Nepal's federalisation process, and reflects on the conditions under which constitutional incrementalism may succeed in societies that present profound disagreements over the collective identity of the polity.

Euphoria Versus Sufferings: Revolutionary Rolpa in Post Conflict Context

New Angle: Nepal journal of social science and public policy ◽

10.53037/na.v1i1.45 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 101-114

Author(s):

Sachin Ghimire

Keyword(s):

Deep Level ◽

Political Commitment ◽

Critical Approach ◽

Individual Level ◽

Left Behind ◽

Post Conflict ◽

A Value ◽

Pain And Suffering ◽

Social Separation ◽

Armed conflict has left behind a legacy of social separation, physical loss of human lives and a population suffering from many kinds of physical and mental morbidities. In the post-conflict context, a lengthy political transition, coterie politics and the absence of a stable government are severely hindering the realisation of people's aspirations. Such hindrances have fostered a deep level of political frustration and promoted a culture of depoliticization. In Rolpa, lack of political commitment has meant people's health has become an overlooked agenda and has forced people to lose hope for change and survive with silent sufferings. Through the lens of a value-critical approach, this paper attempts to explore the relationship between politics of exclusion and its reflection on individual level pain and suffering in Rolpa.

Cryptoglossia as part of linguistic practice of the slavophone population of Kosovo and Metohija

Juznoslovenski filolog ◽

10.2298/jfi1167241r ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 241-254

Author(s):

Mitra Reljic

Keyword(s):

21St Century ◽

National Identities ◽

Linguistic Practice ◽

Study Material ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Life Circumstances ◽

Due to frequent interethnic crises, territory occupations and other similar life circumstances, the Slavic population of Kosovo and Metohija, particularly the Serbs, have been too often forced to disquise their linguistic and national identities. In terms of its range of practice and of aspects of manifestation, this phenomenon, here referred to by the term cryptoglossia, was especially evident in the early post-conflict period at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. The paper discusses the causes, different aspects of manifestation, and consequences of the phenomenon, illustrating them with a number of examples taken from our study material.

Making Home(s) in Displacement

10.11116/9789461664099 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Hilde Heynen

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

The Political ◽

Place Making ◽

Spatial Practices ◽

Spatial Practice ◽

Recent Scholarship ◽

The Social ◽

Interdisciplinary Scholarship ◽

Architectural Perspective ◽

Making Home(s) in Displacement critically rethinks the relationship between home and displacement from a spatial, material, and architectural perspective. Recent scholarship in the social sciences has investigated how migrants and refugees create and reproduce home under new conditions, thereby unpacking the seemingly contradictory positions of making a home and overcoming its loss. Yet, making home(s) in displacement is also a spatial practice, one which intrinsically relates to the fabrication of the built environment worldwide. Conceptually the book is divided along four spatial sites, referred to as camp, shelter, city, and house, which are approached with a multitude of perspectives ranging from urban planning and architecture to anthropology, geography, philosophy, gender studies, and urban history, all with a common focus on space and spatiality. By articulating everyday homemaking experiences of migrants and refugees as spatial practices in a variety of geopolitical and historical contexts, this edited volume adds a novel perspective to the existing interdisciplinary scholarship at the intersection of home and displacement. It equally intends to broaden the canon of architectural histories and theories by including migrants' and refugees' spatial agencies and place-making practices to its annals. By highlighting the political in the spatial, and vice versa, this volume sets out to decentralise and decolonise current definitions of home and displacement, striving for a more pluralistic outlook on the idea of home.

Responses of a Pre-hospital Emergency Medical Service During Military Conflict Versus COVID-19: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usab437 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eli Jaffe ◽

Roman Sonkin ◽

Evan Avraham Alpert ◽

Erik Zerath

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽

Vehicle Collisions ◽

Military Conflict ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Military Conflicts ◽

Comparative Cohort Study ◽

The Mean ◽

The Military ◽

ABSTRACT Background Decreases in routine healthcare practices have been shown to occur during disasters. However, research regarding the impacts of natural disasters, pandemics, or military conflicts on emergency medical services (EMS) is scarce. Objectives This study assessed the impact of a military conflict versus the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on a national EMS organization in terms of responses to overall daily emergencies, medical illnesses, motor vehicle collisions, and other injuries. Methods This retrospective comparative cohort study assessed daily routine emergency ambulance calls to Magen David Adom (MDA), Israel’s national EMS organization. This included overall emergency calls as well as those related to medical illnesses, motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), and other injuries. All data were obtained from the MDA command and control database. During the military conflict Operation Protective Edge (2014), the civilian population was subjected to intensive rocket attacks for 24 days, followed by 26 days of a progressive withdrawal of operations and then to a post-conflict period. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-April 2020), the population was subjected to 32 days of total lockdown, followed by 27 days of progressive relief of confinement, and then to a post-lockdown period. Results The total number of emergency calls in this study was 330,430. During the conflict, the mean number of daily calls decreased, followed by an increase during Relief and Post-Conflict with higher values in Post-Conflict than in Pre-Conflict. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decrease in the mean daily number of calls during Lockdown. It remained low during Relief and increased during Post-Lockdown. However, it remained lower in Post-Lockdown than during Pre-Lockdown. Calls related to medical illnesses decreased during the conflict and during the lockdown. The post-conflict period was characterized by a similar baseline call magnitude but not during the post-lockdown period. Decreases in calls for MVC and other injuries were significant during the lockdown but not during the military conflict. Post-lockdown was accompanied by return to baseline call volumes for MVC, whereas calls for other injuries increased above baseline both after the lockdown and military conflict. Conclusion This study shows decreasing trends in routine daily calls for EMS during both Operation Protective Edge and COVID-19. However, different patterns of needs for EMS were evidenced for medical illnesses, MVC, or calls concerning other injuries. These results are instrumental for managing the operational demands of EMS during military conflicts and pandemics.

Part II Predominant Security Challenges and International Law, National and Transnational Security, Ch.8 Corruption and Global Security

The Oxford Handbook of the International Law of Global Security ◽

10.1093/law/9780198827276.003.0009 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rose Cecily

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Social Scientists ◽

Global Security ◽

Legal Definition ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Security Challenges ◽

State Actors ◽

The Impact ◽

This chapter studies the relationship between corruption and global security. It begins by discussing the term ‘corruption’, which lacks a legal definition and can mean different things to lawyers and to social scientists. The chapter describes the various ways in which corruption and insecurity can relate to each other. Corruption is both a cause of global insecurity and a consequence of it. In other words, corruption may lead to insecurity, and conversely, insecurity, as in post-conflict societies, may lead to corruption and to greater tolerance of it. In addition, corruption can also be a cause of security or stability, rather than insecurity. Finally, anti-corruption measures and campaigns may themselves inadvertently cause insecurity. The chapter then details the international legal framework concerning corruption. It explores the extent to which anti-corruption treaty laws can serve as tools or guides for States and also non-State actors seeking to combat corruption and promote global security. The chapter also considers one of the challenges facing researchers who study the causes and consequences of corruption, namely the difficulties involved in measuring corruption and the impact of anti-corruption laws.