Prevalence and hospitalization rates due to diarrhoea in infants: the 2006 Brazilian National Demographic Health Survey

Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and hospitalization rate due to diarrhea and to identify factorsassociated with diarrheal disease and related hospitalizations in children less than two years old in Brazil.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 1,902 children who were participants in the 2006 National Demographic andHealth Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher - PNDS 2006). To collect data, children’smothers were interviewed. The prevalence of and hospitalization rate due to diarrhea were calculated for the two weeks beforethe interview and for the last year, respectively. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify the prevalence of diarrhea andthe risk factors associated with diarrhea occurrence and related hospitalizations. A complex sample statistical technique wasapplied for all analyses.Results: The prevalence of diarrhea and hospitalization rate due to diarrhea were 11.9% and 2.6%, respectively. Children livingin the North and Northeast regions had a greater risk of diarrhea, while children under 12 months old, those who were receivingage-appropriate exclusive breastfeeding and those with mothers greater than 35 years old were protected against the disease. Malechildren living in households that did not have a land-floor in the North and Northeast regions had a higher risk of hospitalizationdue to diarrhea, while children of mothers who had a higher education level (> 4 years) were protected against it.Conclusion: Diarrhea is still a public health problem for children under two years old in Brazil, especially in the North andNortheast regions. Diarrhea control and prevention programs should inform young mothers with lower education levels aboutchildren’s healthcare, including the benefits of breastfeeding.

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Exploring health literacy in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional analysis

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09520-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xin Mei ◽

Qing Zhong ◽

Gong Chen ◽

Yuanxia Huang ◽

Junlin Li

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Education Levels ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Background In recent years, research on health literacy has become increasingly focused on the health care system and public health. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate health literacy and analyse the risk factors that affect health literacy in Wuhan, China. Methods Multistage stratified random sampling was used to select 5304 urban and rural residents aged 15 to 69 years from 204 monitoring points in 15 districts of Wuhan. Using the Chinese Citizen Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) (2018 edition), a face-to-face survey was conducted from November to December 2018. Risk factors that may affect health literacy were assessed using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression models. Results The knowledge rate of health literacy was relatively low (19.3%). The knowledge rate of health-related behaviour and lifestyle (BAL, 17.3%) was the lowest of the three aspects of health literacy, and the knowledge rate of chronic diseases (CD, 19.0%) was the lowest of the six dimensions of health literacy. Respondents who lived in urban areas, had higher education levels, worked as medical staff, had a higher household income and did not suffer from chronic diseases were likely to have higher health literacy. Conclusions The health literacy levels of citizens in Wuhan are insufficient and need to improve.

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors among patients with chronic Chagas disease

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0249116

Author(s):

Isis Gabrielli Gomes Xavier ◽

Marcelo Carvalho Vieira ◽

Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Junior ◽

Gilberto Marcelo Sperandio da Silva ◽

Paula Simplicio da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Associated Factors ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Education Levels ◽

National Reference Center

The increase in life expectancy and the migration of individuals with Chagas disease (ChD) from rural to urban centers exposes them to the development of chronic-degenerative abnormalities that may increase the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of MetS and its components in individuals with chronic ChD. This is a cross-sectional study with 361 patients of both sexes, aging >18 years, followed at a national reference center (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). MetS diagnosis followed the International Diabetes Federation 2005 criteria. The association between the variables was determined through logistic regression models. The mean age was and 60.7±10.8 years. About half (56.2%) were female and the majority self-reported their race as mulatto (59.8%). The percentage of individuals with MetS was 40.4%. The variables independently associated with MetS were age (OR 1.06; 95%CI 1.04–1.09), high education levels (OR 0.36; 95%CI 0.17–0.79) and cardiac form with heart failure (OR 0.34; 95%CI 0.17–0.68). Therefore, a high prevalence of MetS was found in this Brazilian chronic ChD cohort. The identification of the associated factors can facilitate the development of effective approaches for preventing and managing MetS in ChD patients.

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Physical, Behavioral and Sociodemographic determinants of hypertension among adult population in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia: Community based study.

10.21203/rs.2.14395/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gemechis Teshome Geleta ◽

Melese Chego Cheme ◽

Elias Merdassa Roro

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Sociodemographic Determinants ◽

Multistage Sampling

Abstract Objectives Although hypertension is a growing public health problem in many developing countries there is inadequacy of scientific evidences on community based level of hypertension among the population. The study aimed at exploring prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Nekemte town, Ethiopia. Community based cross sectional study was conducted on 711 adults selected by multistage sampling procedure and data obtained by interview. Height, Weight, Blood Pressure and waist circumference were measured with standard procedures. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 version and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the independent risk factors for hypertension.Result The overall prevalence of hypertension was 34.9% of which only about half (52.7%) of them knew that they were hypertensive and only 22.4% of them were on medication. Older age; age group >65 year (AOR =5.85, 95% CI; 1.74-20), 41-64 year (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI; 1.49-4.57), Obesity and overweight (AOR =1.71, 95% CI; 1.09-2.67), chat chewers in the past year (AOR =2.44, 95% CI; 1.05-5.68) and lower educational status (AOR =2.75, 95% CI; 1.26-6.03) had higher risk of hypertension.

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Magnitude of Home Delivery and Associated Factors Among Child Bearing Age Mothers in Sherkole District, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State-Western-Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.20837/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Resom Berhe Gebremariam ◽

Adane Nigusie

Keyword(s):

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Home Delivery ◽

World Health ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Child Bearing

Abstract Background: The World Health Organization estimates that globally only 43 percent of women have access to skilled care during deliveries and the rest are exposed to unskilled delivery service. A recent Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey report stated that maternal death was 412 per 100,000 in 2016.This still indicate that maternal health remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia irrespective of the government’s measure to institutional delivery.Methods: - A community based cross sectional study was conducted among women aged 15-49 years in Sherkole district, Benishangul Gumuz region from January to June 2018. A total of 451 randomly selected women were included in the study. Stratified sampling followed by simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pretested and structured questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with home delivery among women in the child bearing age. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance. Results: The magnitude of home delivery was 353 (80%) and were assisted by non-skilled birth attendants. Mothers whose husband choose the place of delivery [AOR: 5.6, 95% CI (2.1-15.2), Mothers’ occupation ([AOR: 0.21 95% C I (0.08-0.57), ANC visit [AOR: 95 CI: 5.1(1.6-15.8), decision making [AOR: 95 CI: 0.3(0.01-0.7)] and traditional remedies [AOR: 95%CI: 0.03(0.01-0.09)] were significantly associated with home delivery.Conclusions: Based on the findings of the survey, it was concluded that the overall magnitude of home delivery was found to be high. Therefore, it is recommended that promotion of antenatal care follow-up with maternal and child health information particularly on delivery complications or danger signs needs due attention and remedial actions.

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Physical, Behavioral and Sociodemographic determinants of hypertension among adult population in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia: Community based study.

10.21203/rs.2.14395/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gemechis Teshome Geleta ◽

Melese Chego Cheme ◽

Elias Merdassa Roro

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Sociodemographic Determinants ◽

Multistage Sampling

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Evaluation of Malaria Prevalence among Patients Attending in Bibugn district, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-104893/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anmut Assemie Tsega ◽

Getent Atenafu Abate

Keyword(s):

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Malaria Prevalence ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Urban Village ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Study Sites ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Malaria is an important public health problem in Ethiopia, with more than 54 million people at risk of infection. Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax are both present. The general objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of malaria and associated parasites through microscopic examination of blood films. Cross-sectional study was carried in the study sites. The study was conducted from October to December 2017 and March to April 2018. Out of 822 study participants, 46(5.6%) were malaria positive. Of these, 28(60.87%) were P.vivax and 18(39.13%) P.falciparum. The prevalence of parasites was significantly greater in rural villages (6.25%) than urban village (3.23%) More males were infected compared to females but not significantly Plasmodium vivax was higher in prevalence than P. falciparum in the study area. So the result contrast the national figure of malaria report. The findings of this study may be useful for those who work in malaria control and prevention program.

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Mothers' knowledge of the causes and prevention associated with diarrhea among under-five children in Hlaing Thar Yar Township, Yangon, Myanmar

GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) ◽

10.35898/ghmj-23273 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Khaing Zar Lwin ◽

I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Promotion Program ◽

Primary Data ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children

Background: Diarrhea among under-five children remains a major public health problem in developing countries, such as Myanmar. Its complications contribute to the worse health outcomes as well as increase the child mortality in Myanmar. Hlaing Thar Yar was recognized as a township with the highest incidence of diarrhea in Yangon region. Aims: This study aimed to identify the association of mother’s knowledge on diarrhea with the diarrheal disease among under-five children in Hlaing Thar Yar Township, Yangon, Myanmar. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study by collecting primary data in the Hlaing Thar Yar Township of Yangon, Myanmar from November to December 2016. About 277 records of mothers and their under-five children have been collected through multistage random sampling. A dependent variable in this study was the occurrence of diarrhea among under-five children whilst independent variables consisted of socio-demographic characteristics of parents and five domains of mother’s knowledge on diarrhea. Data were analyzed by using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: This study found that a half (53.43%) of under-five children suffered diarrhea within two weeks prior to the survey. Based on multivariate analysis by controlling all socio-demographic factors, two out of five domains of mother’s knowledge showed significant association. An increased one score of mother’s knowledge on causes and prevention of diarrhea contributed to decrease the likelihood of diarrheal disease by 37% (OR=0.63; 95%CI=0.44-0.90) and 27% (OR=0.73; 95%CI=0.54-0.99), respectively. Conclusions: This study confirmed that the knowledge of mothers on causes and prevention of diarrhea appears to have important effects on the occurrence of diarrhea among the under-five children. Therefore, health promotion program with an emphasis on providing information related to diarrhea causes and prevention is worth to enhance mother’s knowledge and their ability to prevent diarrhea among under-five children in Hlaing Thar Yar Township, Yangon.

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Exposure to domestic violence in women living in Istanbul and Aegean regions: a Turkish sample

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-81232018248.22952017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 2835-2844 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ergül Aslan ◽

Gönül Bodur ◽

Nezihe Kızılkaya Beji ◽

Nevzat Alkan ◽

Ömercan Aksoy

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Aegean Region ◽

State Hospitals ◽

Domestic Violence Against Women ◽

Education Levels ◽

National Boundaries

Abstract Domestic violence (DV) is a serious public health problem in the world. DV against women is also a global problem without cultural, geographic, religious, social, economic or national boundaries. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the situations of DV in women living in Istanbul and the Aegean Region in Turkey. The study population included outpatient clinics of state hospitals both regions. A stratified sampling by age was performed and 1100 women were included into the sample. Data were collected at face-to-face interviews with Domestic Violence Against Women Determination Scale. The mean age of the women living in Istanbul was 41.81 ± 9.75 years and Aegean Region was 33.72 ± 11.38 years. The prevalence of emotional and financial violence were higher in Istanbul and the Aegean Region. The women living in Istanbul got higher scores for Domestic Violence Against Women Determination Scale. The prevalence of the women reporting to suffer from violence from their spouses was 15.4% in Istanbul and 14% in the Aegean Region. While the prevalence of the women suffering from violence was higher in Istanbul, the women in Aegean Region suffered from more severe violence. The violence prevalence was lower among the wives and the husbands with high education levels, employed women and high-income families.

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Early childhood caries and oral hygiene practices among preschool children in Mangaluru city

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194518 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 4494

Author(s):

Savitha Krishnaswamy ◽

Jagannath Purushotham ◽

Krishna Bhat

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

The North ◽

Childhood Caries

Background: Dental caries in young children is a serious public health problem that is highly underestimated in a country like India as it is not life threatening. The rapid westernization and urbanization in Mangaluru city has led to the inclusion of more refined sugars, frequent snacking habit and intake of more chocolates and candies in children, making them more susceptible to early childhood caries (ECC). This study intends to determine prevalence of ECC.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 preschool children aged 3-6 years studying in private preschools in the North Zone of Mangaluru city, Karnataka, India. Data collection was done using semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire given to the parent; examination of the child’s oral cavity was also done.Results: The prevalence of ECC in preschool children in Mangaluru City was 57.5%. A statistically significant association was seen between oral hygiene practices and father's education level (p=0.033). The oral hygiene practices were found to be satisfactory with the majority (62.1%) of them following good oral hygiene practices.Conclusions: Lack of awareness about ECC has further contributed to the increase in the prevalence and severity of the problem hence revealing the need for effective preventive methods.

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Lifestyle factors related to iodine intakes in French adults

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980009005515 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2428-2437 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Pierre Valeix ◽

Patrice Faure ◽

Sandrine Péneau ◽

Carla Estaquio ◽

Serge Hercberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Iodine Intake ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The North ◽

North Eastern ◽

Education Levels ◽

Dietary Records ◽

High Level

AbstractObjectiveTo assess dietary iodine intakes among adults and to investigate the relationships of dietary, lifestyle, demographic and geographical characteristics with dietary iodine status. Adequacy of iodine intakes was also assessed.DesignCross-sectional study. Linear regression analyses and logistic regression modelling were used to determine correlates of iodine intakes. Usual iodine mean intake was calculated by averaging six 24 h dietary records completed over a 2-year period.SubjectsFemales aged 35–60 years (n 2962) and males aged 45–60 years (n 2117) living in France and who participated in the SU.VI.MAX study.ResultsIodine intakes ranged from 30·0 to 446·3 μg/d. The median iodine intake was 150·7 μg/d for males and 131·4 μg/d for females. High-level (97·5th percentile) intakes were 273·4 μg/d for males and 245·0 μg/d for females. Overall, 8·5 % of males and 20·3 % of females had intakes <100 μg/d (P < 0·001). Alcohol drinkers and smokers tended to have lower iodine intakes than abstainers or non-smokers. Regular physical activity and both intermediate and high education levels were associated with a lower risk of iodine intake of <150 μg/d. For both males and females there were significant overall regional differences (P < 0·001) in multivariate-adjusted iodine intakes, with higher adjusted iodine intakes in Brittany and Normandy than in the north-eastern region.ConclusionsOur data show a borderline low iodine intake in this middle-aged French population. However, differences in iodine intakes may contribute to explaining only a small part of the effects of sex and age on thyroid disease incidence.

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