scholarly journals Neospora caninum: Seroprevalence in beef cattle in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Mayckon Antonio Cardoso Padilha ◽  
Gefferson Wasen ◽  
Antonio Pereira de Souza ◽  
Viviane Milczewski ◽  
Thaís Vaz Brito da Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test

The distribution of Neospora caninum, an important agent of reproductive disorders in cattle, has been frequently reported in dairy cattle in Brazil and worldwide. Records of infection are less frequent in beef cattle. To determine the seroprevalence of bovine neosporosis, 507 beef cattle blood samples were collected from January 2013 to September 2015, from 16 municipalities of the Associação dos Municípios da Região Serrana (AMURES). Samples were tested for the presence of IgG antibodies ( ? 1:100) against N. caninum by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Information about sex, age, and origin of the bovines were obtained from the Brazilian Bovine and Bubaline Identification and Certification System (SISBOV), and were tabulated for statistical analysis (Chi-square and Fisher Exact test, P ? 0.05). Of the 507 serum samples analyzed, 70 (13.81%) contained antibodies against N. caninum with titers of 1:100 (16), 1:200 (22), 1:400 (17), 1:800 (nine), 1:1600 (four) and 1:3200 (two). Positive specimens were collected from 13 of the 16 municipalities and across all age groups. Of the positive samples, there were no statistical differences between males and females (32.86% vs. 67.14%, P= 0.1072), age groups (P= 0.4116), or municipalities (P= 0.6838). While not statistically significant (P>0.05), higher seroprevalence was observed among older females. Although seroprevalence was relatively low, results indicate that infection by N. caninum in beef cattle is widespread in the studied region.

scholarly journals Association between Neospora caninum seropositivity and reproductive disorders in girolando cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2069-2076
Author(s):  
V.G. Gaia ◽  
G.F. Grillo ◽  
M.R.B. Mello ◽  
H.B. Palhano ◽  
A.F. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Indirect Fluorescence Antibody

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in Girolando cows, in order to evaluate the association between seropositivity and reproductive disorders. Blood samples were collected from 40 dairy cows in their reproductive phase from the cranial superficial epigastric vein. The blood samples were tested using the Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) to detect anti-N.caninum antibodies. The serological results were used to verify whether there was any association with the manifestation of reproductive disorders based on data from the records of reproductive history from 2017 to 2018 as well as the clinical observations of the herd throughout this study. The Fisher exact test was used to verify the existence of an association between the serology and reproductive disorders, adopting a 95% confidence level. The serological results showed a 27.5% seroprevalence in the herd for N. caninum, however, after statistical analysis, no association between seropositivity and reproductive disorders was found in the evaluated herd. Although the studied population is infected with Neospora caninum, we can infer that anti-Neospora caninum antibodies present in Girolando dairy cows at the UFRRJ Dairy Cattle Facility are not associated with the occurrence of reproductive disorders.

scholarly journals Anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in beef cattle from the northern region of Paraná state, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joice Loures Guerra ◽  
Werner Okano ◽  
Alexey Leon Gomel Bogado ◽  
Beatriz de Souza Lima Nino ◽  
Felippe Danyel Cardoso Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Exact Test

ABSTRACT: The presence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in beef cattle slaughtered in the northern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, was evaluated. A total of 401 blood samples were collected; 281 samples from the municipality of Rolândia and 120 from the municipality of Borrazópolis, between April 2015 and November 2016. Of the total samples, 289 were from females and 112 from males, aged one and a half to eight years. Indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was performed, using a cut-off of 1:100. Variables were tabulated for statistical analyses (Fisher’s exact test and chi-square tests, p≤0.05). The analysis showed that of the 401 samples, 37 were positive for N. caninum, indicating a prevalence of 9.2 %, and observed titers were 1:100 (16), 1:200 (14), and 1:400 (7). The variables sex, age, and location did not differ statistically (p>0.05). Our results showed a sero-occurrence of N. caninum in cattle slaughtered in the northern region of the state of Paraná.

scholarly journals Neospora caninum seroprevalence and risk factors for ewes from Santa Catarina Plateau, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 2591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Barbosa de Moura ◽  
Marcelo Felipe Güths ◽  
Juliana Antunes Farias ◽  
Antonio Pereira de Souza ◽  
Amélia Aparecida Sartor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

Neospora caninum can cause reproductive problems and economic losses in sheep flock. In order to evaluate N. canium seroprevalence and to identify risk factors, blood samples were collected from 1,308 ewes at 92 properties in 30 municipalities of Santa Catarina Plateau, southern Brazil. The antibodies against N. caninum were detected by Indirect Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT, ≥1:50) and the seropositive were titrated in serial twofold up to a maximum dilution. Data concerning animal management and information about reproductive problems were obtained from questionnaires. The results were tabulated and analyzed using the Fisher’s exact and Chi-Square tests (P<0.05). Among the 1,308 animals evaluated, 92 (7%) were seropositive to N. caninum. The titers observed varied from 1:50 to 1:3200. In 39 (42.4%) properties there was at least one infected animal. Breed (P=0.0249) and contact with cattle (P=0.0491) showed correlation with the prevalence of N. caninum. No association was found between N. caninum serology and reproductive disorders.

scholarly journals Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and risk factors associated with infection in equids slaughtered for human consumption in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Falco Arruda ◽  
Wellington Alves de Freitas ◽  
Kênia de Fátima Carrijo ◽  
Paula Silva da Paz ◽  
Marianny Miranda Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Ingestion of raw/undercooked meat is considering an important route of infection. Consumption of meat from equids is common in European and Asian countries and an increase in Brazil has been observed. The aim of this study was to evaluate occurrences of anti-T. gondii antibodies and risk factors relating to infection in equids slaughtered for human consumption in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Blood samples from 192 horses and 208 donkeys were collected in the exsanguination area during the slaughter. Serum samples were subjected to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Association analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2) or Fisher’s exact test, to evaluate risk factors relating to the prevalence of seroreagents. Antibodies against T. gondii were found in 13.5% of the equids, with higher occurrence in horses (18.75%) than in donkeys (8.65%). Associations between seropositivity and the following variables were found (p ≤ 0.05): species, animal origin, purpose of rearing and source of water for animal consumption and contact with cats. Farms need to implement preventive measures to control T. gondii infection in these species and avert transmission of the parasite to the human population that will consume their meat.

Venous Thromboembolism and High Grade Gliomas

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep S Dhami ◽  
Robert D Bona ◽  
John A Calogero ◽  
Richard M Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

SummaryA retrospective study was done to determine the incidence of and the risk factors predisposing to clinical venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients treated for high grade gliomas. Medical records of 68 consecutive patients diagnosed and treated at Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center from January 1986 to June 1991 were reviewed. The follow up was to time of death or at least 6 months (up to December 1991). All clinically suspected episodes of VTE were confirmed by objective tests. Sixteen episodes of VTE were detected in 13 patients for an overall episode rate of 23.5%. Administration of chemotherapy (p = 0.027, two tailed Fisher exact test) and presence of paresis (p = 0.031, two tailed Fisher exact test) were statistically significant risk factors for the development of VTE. Thrombotic events were more likely to occur in the paretic limb and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.00049, chi square test, with Yates correction). No major bleeding complications were seen in the nine episodes treated with long term anticoagulation.We conclude that venous thromboembolic complications are frequently encountered in patients being treated for high grade gliomas and the presence of paresis and the administration of chemotherapy increases the risk of such complications.

A year of hepatocellular carcinoma at a glance. Demographics, biochemical and radiological characteristics and treatment modalities from a specialized facility of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Laima Alam
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Tumour Staging ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Team Meetings ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct

Objectives:Relation of demographics of hepatocellular-carcinoma with the aetiology.Tumour characteristics in relation to anti-viral therapy and presence of viral-DNA/RNATreatment modalities offeredMethods: This cross-sectional study enrolled all the patients aged 18-70 years with diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma either through Triphasic Contrast-Enhanced-CT scan and/or Magnetic Resonance Imaging or biopsy presenting to the Outpatient-Department or multi-disciplinary-team meetings for the year 2019. Demographic variables, biochemical analysis including liver profile and stage of cirrhosis, viral-status, tumour staging and the treatment modalities offered were all noted. ANOVA (normal) and Kruskal-Wallis (non-normal) tests were used to compare quantitative data whereas chi-square-test and fisher-exact-test were used to compare qualitative-data.Results: Out of 195 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 76% were males in their fifth to sixth decades of life, 96% had cirrhosis, 94% corresponded to viral hepatocellular-carcinoma (82% Hepatitis-C-Virus, 9% Hepatitis-B-Virus and 3% coinfection), 60% of the cirrhotics landed in Child-Pugh A category with tumour staging BCLC-B being the predominant one (43.6%) and single and multiple bilateral nodules were the commonest lesions encountered. Platelets and Alanine-Transaminase had a significant relation across aetiological groups. Lymph-nodes were the most common extra-hepatic organs for metastasis and the presence of viral PCR had a significant impact on the tumour aggressiveness. Thirty-two percent of the patients were amenable to curative treatment.Conclusion: Viral infection is the main cause of rising prevalence of this tumour in Pakistan. Treatment modalities are expensive and expertise are lacking. A nationwide cancer registry is required for the exact disease burden and tumour behaviour for our population. Continuous....

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs of riverside communities of Mato Grosso Pantanal, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Yuki Rodrigues ◽  
Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Eveline da Cruz Boa Sorte ◽  
Naiani Domingos Gasparetto ◽  
Felipe Augusto Constantino Seabra da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan with worldwide distribution and dogs act as sentinels of human infection. This search aimed to determine the occurrence of antibodies against T. gondii in dogs of the communities on the Cuiabá River, Mato Grosso and variables associated with infection. The dogs of the riverside communities in Cuiabá River, which includes Barranco Alto, Praia do Poço, Engenho Velho, Varginha, Bom Sucesso, Passagem da Conceição and São Gonçalo Beira Rio, were evaluated for the presence of T. gondii antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The prevalence and factors associated with infection were calculated by chi-squared test (χ2) or Fisher’s exact test, and univariate and multiple analysis. Of the 248 dogs surveyed, 107 (43.1%) were seropositive for T. gondii. The seroprevalence ranged from 25.6% to 64.3%. There was no statistically significant difference between the communities studied (p > 0.05). As for the associated factors, the only statistically significant factor was that of dogs living with cats (p = 0.02), with approximately twice the risk of acquiring infection. In conclusion, the seroprevalence in dogs of riverside communities in the Baixada Cuiabana demonstrated that high rates of infection, being the factor associated with infection, contact with domestic cats.

The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽  
Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽  
Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽  
Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽  
Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

scholarly journals Phlebitis associated with peripheral intravenous catheters in adults admitted to hospital in the Western Brazilian Amazon

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Maria Sampaio Enes ◽  
Simone Perufo Opitz ◽  
André Ricardo Maia da Costa de Faro ◽  
Mavilde de Luz Gonçalves Pedreira
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Infusion ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Intravenous Therapy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Dorsal Hand Vein ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Intravenous Catheters

Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify the presence of phlebitis and the factors that influence the development of this complication in adult patients admitted to hospital in the western Brazilian Amazon. METHOD Exploratory study with a sample of 122 peripheral intravenous catheters inserted in 122 patients in a medical unit. Variables related to the patient and intravenous therapy were analyzed. For the analysis, we used chi-square tests of Pearson and Fisher exact test, with 5% significance level. RESULTS Complication was the main reason for catheter removal (67.2%), phlebitis was the most frequent complication (31.1%). The mean duration of intravenous therapy use was 8.81 days in continuous and intermittent infusion (61.5%), in 20G catheter (39.3%), inserted in the dorsal hand vein arc (36.9 %), with mean time of usage of 68.4 hours. The type of infusion (p=0.044) and the presence of chronic disease (p=0.005) and infection (p=0.007) affected the development of phlebitis. CONCLUSION There was a high frequency of phlebitis in the sample, being influenced by concomitant use of continuous and intermittent infusion of drugs and solutions, and more frequent in patients with chronic diseases and infection.

scholarly journals Seroprevalensi Brucellosis dan Tingkat Gangguan Reproduksi Pada Sapi Perah di Kota Batu

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Ani Setianingrum ◽  
Mira Fatmawati ◽  
Aulia Firmawati ◽  
Dahliatul Qosimah ◽  
Fidi Nur Aini E P Dameanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Repeated Mating ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Rose

This study aimed to measure the incidence rate of brucellosis in dairy cattle at Batu City based onserological tests (seroprevalence) and to determine the relationship between the incidence ofbrucellosis and reproductive disorders. Cross-sectional epidemiological research was conducted todetermine the prevalence of brucellosis in dairy cows. Serum samples were obtained from 130dairy cows over 6 months of age, reproductive disorders data using a questionnaire on 21 farmers.Serological testing used the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and continued with the Complement FixationTest (CFT). The data analysis used Pearson's Chi-Square correlation statistical test. Theseroprevalence of brucellosis at Batu City was 0.7%. The prevalence of reproductive disorders indairy cows was 29.2% consisted of 8.5% abortion and 20.8% repeated mating. There was acorrelation between brucellosis and the incidence of abortion (2 = 10.90; P<0.05) and a correlation between the incidence of abortion and the age more than 3 years (2 = 5.35; P<0.05). The conclusion of this study showed that the prevalence of brucellosis at Batu city was low (<2%).The results of this study could be used as the basis for implementing a vaccination program anderadicating brucellosis at East Java

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