scholarly journals Clinical evaluation and reproductive indices of dairy cows naturally infected with Trypanosoma vivax

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3031
Author(s):  
Jael Soares Batista ◽  
Carlos Iberê Alves Freitas ◽  
Jardel Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Tania Vasconcelos Cavalcante ◽  
Kaliane Alessandra Rodrigues de Paiva ◽  
...  

The present study was aimed to assess the clinical changes and reproductive indices of dairy cows naturally infected with Trypanosoma vivax in a herd located in the Central Sertão of Ceará, Brazil. For the study, 40 animals were selected from a herd consisting of 210 dairy cows, and subdivided into two groups: group I, consisting of 20 cows naturally infected with T. vivax, and group II, consisting of 20 uninfected cows. Data on the parameters of reproductive efficiency were evaluated using a farm database (Propad Profissional GP®), in which the individual reproductive characteristics of the animals were stored. Data collected both before and after the outbreak were compared. The cows from group I showed a sudden drop in milk production, mucosal pallor, depression, anorexia, and a significant increase in rectal temperature and decreased hematocrit during the parasitemia outbreak. These clinical signs of the disease disappeared over time. However, T. vivax was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in animals with a negative parasitological test one year after the occurrence. Comparison of the reproductive index data for cows from groups I and II before and after the outbreak showed significant differences in first postpartum estrus, service period, and intervals between deliveries. In addition, repetition of estrus and abortion were significantly associated with T. vivax infection. Analysis of the reproductive indices of cows in groups I and II suggests that T. vivax infection decreased the reproductive efficiency of the study cows.

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Zendri ◽  
Maurizio Ramanzin ◽  
Claudio Cipolat-Gotet ◽  
Enrico Sturaro

This paper aimed at evaluating the effect of summer transhumance to mountain pastures of dairy cows of different breeds on cheese-making ability of milk. Data were from 649 dairy cows of specialized (Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss) dual purpose (Simmental) and local (mostly Rendena and Alpine Grey) breeds. The Fourier-Transform Infra-Red Spectra (FTIRS) of their milk samples were collected before and after transhumance in 109 permanent dairy farms, and during transhumance in 14 summer farms (with multi-breeds herds) of the Trento Province, north-eastern Italy. A variety of 18 traits describing milk coagulation, curd firming, cheese yield and nutrients recovery in curd/loss in whey were predicted on the basis of FTIRS collected at the individual cow level. Moving the cows to summer farms improved curd firming traits but reduced cheese yields because of an increase of water and fat lost in the whey. During summer grazing, most of cheese-making traits improved, often non-linearly. The milk from summer farms supplementing cows with more concentrates showed better curd firming and cheese yield, because of lower fat lost in the whey. The breed of cows affected almost all the traits with a worst cheese-making ability for milk samples of Holsteins through all the trial, and interacted with concentrate supplementation because increasing compound feed tended to improve cheese-making traits for all breed, with the exception of local breeds for coagulation time and of Brown Swiss for curd firming time. In general, summer transhumance caused a favourable effect on cheese-making aptitude of milk, even though with some difference according to parity, initial days in milk, breed and concentrate supplementation of cows.


2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Martins ◽  
Cláudio R. Madruga ◽  
Wilson W. Koller ◽  
Flábio R. Araújo ◽  
Cleber O. Soares ◽  
...  

Trypanosoma vivax outbreaks in beef cattle in the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, causes relevant economical impact due to weight loss, abortion and mortality. Cattle moved from the Pantanal to adjacent areas of this ecosystem for breeding and fattening is a common feature. Therefore an epidemiological study on breeding cows in the transition area between Pantanal lowland and adjacent highlands of Mato Grosso do Sul was performed to determine the T. vivax infection dynamics and outbreak risk. Three experimental groups were formed: Group 1 consisted of cows parasitologically negative by the Woo test and in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for T. vivax antibody detection (Tv-ELISA-Ab); Group 2 parasitologically negative and positive in the Tv-ELISA-Ab; and in Group 3 cows were parasitologically positive and with positive reactions in the Tv-ELISA-Ab. During 24 months, the cows' dislodgment between the above established groups was monitored by Woo test and Tv-ELISA-Ab exams. The tabanid population was also monitored and the highest number occurred during the rainy season. Although parasitemias were detected only in the first four samplings of the experimental period, the cows could be considered as trypanotolerant, because no clinical signs were observed. Despite the higher T. vivax incidence during the dry season, no disease symptoms were seen. Even though T. vivax epidemiological situation in the herd was characterized as endemic with seasonal variation, the probability of outbreaks was null within the conditions of the study.


2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Hyvönen ◽  
Taina Haarahiltunen ◽  
Tanja Lehtolainen ◽  
Jouni Heikkinen ◽  
Ritva Isomäki ◽  
...  

Lactoferrin (Lf) is a molecule naturally present in bovine milk that affects the availability and transport systems of iron. Lf also binds endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria and modulates the immunological response. In the present study, concentrations of bovine Lf (bLf) and citrate in milk were determined in early (EL) and late (LL) lactating dairy cows, using an experimentally induced endotoxin mastitis model and a crossover design. Nine clinically healthy Finnish Ayrshire cows were challenged twice with 100 μg endotoxin infused into one udder quarter. Milk samples were collected from the challenged and control quarters of each cow before and after endotoxin infusion during 3 d, and bLf and citrate concentrations were measured. In all cows, clinical signs of mastitis were seen at both times of challenge, but the response was more severe in EL than in LL. Concentration of bLf in the milk started to rise approximately 8 h after endotoxin infusion and was still higher than normal on the third day, especially in the late-lactating cows. In milk of the LL group, concentrations of bLf were significantly higher than in the EL group. In contrast, concentrations of citrate were higher in milk of the EL cows compared with the LL cows. Concentration of bLf and citrate varied substantially among cows. The molar ratio of citrate to bLf before and after challenge was significantly higher during the EL period. The results of this study partly explain why cows in early lactation are more susceptible to intramammary infections and why mastitis is more severe in them.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Milan Košťál ◽  
Milan Bláha ◽  
Eva Rencová ◽  
Miriam Lánská ◽  
Pavel Rozsíval ◽  
...  

Background. Rheohemapheresis (RHF) is a method that can stop the activity of the dry form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The pathophysiologic mechanisms are not well understood, and the effects of the RHF procedures extend beyond the time of the individual procedures.Patients and Methods. We present the data for 46 patients with AMD treated with a series of 8 rheohemapheretic procedures. Blood count parameters were measured before the first and the last procedures. The clinical effect was judged by changes in the drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment (DPED) area before and after the rheopheretic sessions.Results. Rheopheresis caused a decrease in hemoglobin(P<0.001), a decrease in leukocytes(P<0.034), and an increase in platelets(P<0.005). We found a negative correlation between the amount of platelets and their volume (P<0.001, Pearson correlation coefficient: −0.509). We identified the platelet/MPV ratio as a good predictor of the clinical outcome. Patients with a platelet/MPV ratio greater than 21.5 (before the last rheopheresis) had a significantly better outcome (P=0.003, sensitivity of 76.9% and specificity of 80%).Conclusion. Several basic blood count parameters after RHF can be concluded to significantly change, with some of those changes correlating with the clinical results (reduction of the DPED area).


2021 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
A. V. Rusin ◽  
O. P. Balazh

Summary. Aim. Comparison of methods for diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. Matherials and Methods. We observed 95 patients with LC who were hospitalized from 2018 to 2020 in the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Surgical and Gastroenterological Departments of the Transcarpathian Regional Clinical Hospital. Andriy Novak (Uzhhorod). Neurological status, state of mental and cognitive functions in patients with LC were assessed before and after the course of therapy with psychometric testing, as well as electroencephalographic (EEG) study. The severity of LE was determined by West-Haven criteria. Results. Signs of LE were not diagnosed in 8.4 % of patients with LC. In 13.8 % of patients found a latent form of LE. This was most often observed in the III century. (in 25.2 % of patients), LE II. diagnosed in 22.1 % of patients with LE and Art. — in 17.9 % of examined patients, and in 12.6 % of examined — LE IV. In patients with LC, alpha waves on the EEG are most often registered in the latent form of LE, and with the increase of clinical signs of LE there is a decrease in the frequency of alpha waves, instead of pathological delta and theta waves. Conclusions. According to the MMSE scale, the highest scores are observed in patients of group I (29.9 ± 3.4). The most pronounced disorders of intelligence were determined in patients with LC of group III from the IV century. LE (15.1 ± 3.3). The level of personal anxiety in patients with LC was higher than normal in patients with LE II-IV centuries. surveyed groups with maximum values in group III (55.5 ± 8.2). At patients with LC the expressed cognitive frustration are observed. Signs of LE were not diagnosed in 8.4 % of patients with LC. In 13.8 % of patients found a latent form of LE. This is most often observed in the III century. (in 25.2 % of patients), LE II. diagnosed in 22.1 % of patients with LE and Art. — in 17.9 % of examined patients, and in 12.6 % of examined — LE IV.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
S.I. Ilchenko ◽  
A.O. Fialkovska ◽  
V.I. Cherhinets ◽  
K.V. Skriabina

In modern pediatric practice, inhalated hypertonic saline (IHS) is often used for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. However, the potential development of serious side effects in children is not predicted. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of IHS of various concentrations in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). The study involved 34 children with CF aged 6 to 18 years (middle age is 13.0±4.4 years). The comparison group consisted of 27 children (middle age is 7.8±2.3 years) without chronic respiratory diseases. The study included three consecutive inhalations. Sterile 0.9% NaCl solution was used for the first inhalation, 3 % NaCl solution – for the second one and 7% NaCl solution – for the third inhalation. For children under 7 years of age, a patented method of obtaining sputum without forced coughing was used. Spirometry was performed before and after each inhalation, and clinical changes were analyzed. It was noted that after inhalation of IHS, the cough in patients became more productive, moist rales were more often heard over the entire surface of the lungs. The activity of induced sputum secretion after inhalation of 3% and 7% NaCl solution did not differ significantly. However, after inhalation of 7% NaCl solution, side effects, such as sore throat, shortness of breath, spastic cough, auscultatory symptoms of bronchospasm were recorded significantly more often compared with lower concentrations of the solution. The decrease in FEV1 was observed in 5.8% of patients after inhalation of 3% NaCl solution and in 11.8% of patients after inhalation of 7% NaCl solution, which was significantly associated with the clinical symptoms of bronchospasm. Inhalation of IHS has an effective mucolytic effect in patients with CF, however, it is necessary to determine the individual sensitivity of the patient to predict a positive therapeutic effect.


2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
R. De Roover ◽  
G. Genicot ◽  
S. Leonard ◽  
A. Massip ◽  
F. Dessy

The aim of this experiment was to apply an ovarian superstimulation protocol to OPU, with attention to the individual responses of each cow, and to show effects on follicle numbers and diameters. Ten non-lactating dairy cows were stimulated with pFSH and submitted to OPU-IVF 6 times at 2-week intervals. On Day 0 of each 2-week period, the dominant follicle was punctured and a progestin ear implant was inserted. Starting on Day 2, animals were treated with 6 equal doses of pFSH, administered twice daily over 3 days. On Day 7, 48h after the last pFSH injection, follicle diameters were measured by ultrasound and animals were submitted to OPU (OPU-IVF results are not shown here). The administered dose of pFSH for the first OPU session was 30mg per animal (stimufol, ULg-FMV, Liège, Belgium). In the following OPU sessions, pFSH doses were individually adapted to the percentage of follicles larger than 11mm, present during the previous OPU session. If the number of follicles larger than 11mm was between 1% and 20%, total dose remained unchanged;; if between 20% and 40%, total dose was reduced by 5mg; and if more than 40%, total dose was reduced by 10mg. If no follicles larger than 11mm (0%) were present, total dose was increased by 5mg. Only one animal received the initial pFSH dose for all 6 OPU sessions for a total of 180mg. All other animals received more or less than 180mg, ranging from 135 to 230mg. For interpretation of the effects of pFSH dose on follicular diameter, data were grouped in pairs (before and after changing the dose of pFSH). This resulted in 3 groups: Fixed pFSH dose—pFSH dose was unchanged in the 2 sessions (of that pair); reduced pFSH dose—pFSH dose was reduced in the second session (of that pair); and increased pFSH dose—pFSH dose was increased in the second session (of that pair). No changes in response were found when pFSH dose remained unchanged. However, the number of small-sized follicles increased and the number of large-sized follicles decreased when dose of pFSH was reduced. The number of larger-sized follicles increased when pFSH dose was increased. The total number of follicles remained unchanged regardless of pFSH dose. Overall, the mean number of punctured follicles per session was 11.9±7.7 with 16% of the follicles over 11mm. In conclusion, subtle changes in dose of pFSH influenced follicle sizes but not follicle numbers. Table 1 Effect of fixed, reduced or increased doses of pFSH on follicular diameters (mean number±SD)


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Cristina Gabriela Pușcașu ◽  
Aureliana Caraiane ◽  
Elena Dumea ◽  
Erdogan Elvis Șachir ◽  
Gheorghe Raftu ◽  
...  

The aim of the study was to assess the clinical effects of periodontal healing using a Romanian pharmaceutical compound of marine fish extract (Alflutop®). Adults with periodontal disease were included in the study group. Gingival inflammation, the degree of tooth mobility, and probing depth (PD) were recorded for each patient before and after therapy. Patients were divided into two groups: group I—after scaling and root planing (SRP), patients followed therapy with marine fish extract, Alflutop®, group II—SRP therapy alone. Statistically significant differences between groups in terms of gingival inflammation reduction (p = 0.045) were found. Tooth mobility reduction, as well as PD improvement, were also noticed after the therapy (p = 0.001), but no statistically significant differences among PD reduction rates were found (p = 0.356). Alflutop® has proven a certain therapeutic efficiency in the treatment of periodontitis in terms of reduction in the clinical signs of inflammation and tooth mobility.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Timmons

Encouraging consumers to switch to lower-rate mortgages is important both for the individual consumer’s finances and for functioning competitive markets, but switching rates are low. Given the complexity of mortgages, one potential regulatory intervention that may increase switching rates is to provide independent advice on how to select good mortgage products and how to navigate the switching process. Working with a government consumer protection agency, we conducted an experiment with mortgage-holders to test whether such advice alters perceptions of switching. The experiment tested how (i) the attributes of the offer, (ii) perceptions about the switching process, (iii) individual feelings of competence and (iv) comprehension of the product affect willingness to switch to better offers, both before and after reading the official advice. The advice made consumers more sensitive to interest rate decreases, especially at longer terms. It also increased consumers’ confidence in their ability to select good offers. Overall, the findings imply that advice from policymakers can change perceptions and increase switching rates. Moreover, the experiment demonstrates how lab studies can contribute to behaviourally-informed policy development.


Author(s):  
Г.В. ШИРЯЕВ ◽  
Ю.Г. ТУРЛОВА ◽  
Г.С. НИКИТИН

Изучено влияние кормовой добавки в форме индивидуальных болюсов Метраболь на возможность снижения негативного влияния субклинического кетоза (СКК) и результативность искусственного осеменения высокопродуктивных молочных коров в посттранзитный период. Животные были подобраны по принципу условных аналогов и разделены на 3 группы в зависимости от концентрации β-оксимасляной кислоты в их крови. В I группе (n=18) у коров не было СКК, концентрация кислоты составляла <1,0 ммоль/л, во II группе (n=21) у животных зарегистрирован СКК, концентрация кислоты — 1,0…1,4 ммоль/л. С целью поиска решения по снижению негативного влияния СКК на репродуктивные показатели была сформирована III группа коров, переболевших СКК (n=24) с концентрацией β-оксимасляной кислоты в крови 1,0…1,4 ммоль/л, но с использованием болюсов, применяемых для ускоренного восстановления репродуктивной функции коров после отела. Важной составляющей опыта явилось то, что к моменту гормональной синхронизации у коров всех 3 групп фиксировалось отсутствие СКК (снижение β-оксимасляной кислоты до уровня <1,0 ммоль/л). Для синхронизации полового цикла выбрана схема Пресинх-овсинх. Установлено, что гормональная синхронизация животных, перенесших СКК, в сравнении со здоровыми, не позволяет снизить негативное влияние данного нарушения обмена веществ. Во II группе у животных зафиксированы самые низкие репродуктивные показатели (количество использованных доз; индекс осеменения, сервис-период; время от первого до успешного осеменения; результат первичного осеменения; количество животных, осемененных 3 и более раз). В III группе применение болюсов позволило, в сравнении с животными II группы, не только избежать отрицательного воздействия СКК, но и превзойти по изучаемым параметрам животных из I группы. The effect of the feed additive in the form of individual boluses Metrabol on the possibility of reducing the negative effect of subclinical ketosis (CCK) and the effectiveness of artificial insemination of highly productive dairy cows in the post-transit period was studied. The animals were selected according to the principle of conditional analogs and divided into 3 groups depending on the concentration of β-hydroxybutyric acid in their blood. In group I (n=18), the cows did not have SSC, the acid concentration was <1.0 mmol/L, in group II (n=21), SSC was registered in animals — 1.0...1.4 mmol / L. In order to find a solution to reduce the negative effect of CCB on reproductive indices, a group III of cows was formed who had CCB (n = 24) with a concentration of β-hydroxybutyric acid in their blood of 1.0...1.4 mmol/L, but using boluses, used to accelerate the restoration of the reproductive function of cows after calving. An important component of the experiment was that by the time of hormonal synchronization, cows of all 3 groups had no SSC (decrease in β-hydroxybutyric acid to a level of <1.0 mmol/L). To synchronize the sexual cycle, the Pressinh-ovsinh scheme was chosen. It was found that hormonal synchronization of animals that underwent SSC, in comparison with healthy ones, does not allow reducing the negative effect of this metabolic disorder. In group II, animals had the lowest reproductive indices (number of doses used; insemination index, service period; time from first to successful insemination; result of primary insemination; number of animals inseminated 3 or more times). In group III, the use of boluses made it possible, in comparison with animals of group II, not only to avoid the negative effect of SSC, but also to surpass the animals from group I in terms of the studied parameters.


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