scholarly journals Characteristics of the non-carcass components of steers fed different sources of dietary carbohydrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1249
Author(s):  
Leandro da Silva Freitas ◽  
Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽  
Ana Paula Machado Martini ◽  
Alisson Marian Callegaro ◽  
Perla Cordeiro de Paula Colvero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Soybean Hull ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Forage:Concentrate Ratio ◽  
Different Sources

We evaluated the characteristics of the non-carcass components of 24 steers (Charolais × Nelore) fed different carbohydrate sources (ground corn, soybean hulls, or wheat bran) in the diet. The animals were 353.2 kg and 22 months of age at early termination, and had been fed forage consisting of sorghum silage at a forage:concentrate ratio of 40.2:59.8. The carbohydrate sources had no effect on the weights of the carcass, vital organs, and blood. The absolute weights of the intestines and rumen fat were higher (P < 0.05) in animals fed corn than in those fed soybean hulls or wheat bran (10.87 vs. 8.89 and 8.87 kg and 5.26 vs. 4.12 and 3.64 kg, respectively). The same pattern was observed when these organs weights were adjusted for empty body weight. The weight of the omasum was highest (P < 0.05) in the wheat bran-fed animals (6.02 vs. 4.70 and 5.49 kg in the corn- and soybean hull-fed animals, respectively). Animals fed soybean hulls had a higher absolute weight of kidney fat (1.6 kg) than steers receiving wheat bran (1.06 kg) or corn (0.79 kg). Wheat bran gave the highest leg weight compared with corn and soybean hulls (2.46 vs. 2.22 and 2.23 kg per 100 kg of empty body weight, respectively).

Corn or soybean hull incorporation into haylage-based backgrounding beef cattle diets: Effect on growth and efficiency during the backgrounding and finishing periods

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Swanson ◽  
M. Ko ◽  
C. J. Mader
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Soybean Hull ◽  
Daily Gain

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of corn or soybean hull incorporation into haylage-based diets on backgrounding calf performance and subsequent feedlot performance. Crossbred steers [n = 48, initial body weight (BW) = 303 ± 3.4 kg] were individually fed dietary treatments consisting of: (1) haylage [17.5% crude protein, dry matter (DM) basis; control], (2) haylage + 20% (DM basis) cracked corn, and (3) haylage + 20% (DM basis) soybean hulls during a 112-d backgrounding period. After the backgrounding period, all steers were adapted to a common high moisture corn-based finishing diet and fed until an ultrasound estimated backfat thickness of 7 mm was obtained. During the backgrounding period, steers fed cracked corn or soybean hulls had greater (P < 0.01) average daily gain, dry matter intake and gain:feed and lower (P = 0.05) plasma urea N as compared with controls. However, when finished on a common high-concentrate diet, steers previously fed cracked corn had greater (P < 0.08) average daily gain, final body weight, and longissimus muscle area than those fed soybean hulls, suggesting that source of supplemental energy during the backgrounding period may influence subsequent feedlot performance. Key words: Beef cattle, backgrounding, energy supplementation

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF GROWTH IN THE GOUSES UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE COMBINED PHARMACOPROPHYLACTIC HOMOBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS BASED ON THE RECOMBINANT BASILL AND ENROFLOXACIN STRAIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
G. A. Nozdrin ◽  
N. A. Gotovchikov ◽  
M. S. Yakovleva ◽  
N. S. Yakovleva ◽  
M. B. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Daily Gain

The combined effect of homobiotics, probiotics based on recombinant strains of g. Bacillus, & enrofloxacin on the dynamics of body weight gain in geese was studied. According to the principle of steam-analogs, one control and five experimental groups of 10 goslings in each group were formed. Gosyatam experimental groups used homobiotics vetom 15.1; vetom 13.1 incombination with enrofloxacin followed by replacement with a probiotic preparation Vetom 1.2. The absolute body weight and average daily gain in geese under the influence of the studied drugs increases. The severity of the effect depended on the pharmacological composition of the drugs used. The maximum absolute weight gain was observed when using the drugs according to the scheme: vetom 13.1 at doses of 25–50 mg/kg for 16 days, with further use of a 10% enrofloxacin solution at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg for 5 days and in The experiment period was 1.2 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. After the cessation of the use of drugs, the growth rate increased for 30 days when prescribing the drugs according to the scheme: veto 13.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days and with further introduction of homobiotic veto 1.2 into the bird in a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. The maximum average daily gain in live weight of geese was observed in the period from the 16th to the 32nd day with the administration scheme: homobiotic vetom 13.1 at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 5 consecutive days, then every other day for 16 days, then daily 10 % solution of enrofloxacin at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight for 5 days, then vetom 1.2 at a dose of 25 mg/kg once a day for 16 days in a row. And the maximum average daily gain in the post using period of the drug was observed on the 32nd day of the study according to the scheme: homobiotic veto 15.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 16 days, then daily with vetom 1.2 at the same dose 1 once a day for 16 days. The studied drugs in the applied doses did not have a toxic effect on the physiological state of geese.

scholarly journals Performance of Broilers Fed Diets Supplemented With Graded Levels of Soybean Oil and Different Sources of Bone Meal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-280
Author(s):  
Surya Prasad Tiwari ◽  
Maheshwor Sapkota ◽  
Dainik Bahadur Nepali ◽  
Jagat Lal Yadav ◽  
Geeta Jamarkattel Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Average Body

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of inclusion of three levels of soybean oil (0%, 2% and 4%) and three sources of commercial bone meals (GBM, PBM and IBM) in the diet of broiler chicken. Body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, digestibility coefficient, calcium, phosphorus and ash content of blood and bone of broilers were measured. Significantly higher (P<0.01) average weekly feed consumption, average cumulative body weight, average weekly body weight gain was found in broilers fed diets containing soybean oil. The highest (5058.27 g) average total feed consumption was recorded on T9 and the lowest (4117.88 g) on T1. The highest average cumulative body weight was obtained on T6 (2168.33 g) and was the lowest on T1 (1930.00 g). Similarly, the highest average body weight gain was recorded on T6 (301.04 g) and the lowest on T1 (273.77 g). The abdominal fat weight percentage was maximum (2.38%) on the diet containing 4% soybean oil with GBM and minimum (1.04%) on the diet without soybean oil withIBM. However, the overall performance of broilers was found improved on the diet containing soybean oil. The ash, calcium and phosphorus content of blood and bone were better when supplied the diet with 2% to 4% soybean oil containing the sources of bone meal. Considering better bone calcification, phosphorus and minerals utilization in the chicken body, 2% to 4% levels of the soybean oil with the GBM source of bone meal could be incorporated in the diets. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 272-280

scholarly journals Effects of a 4-week Wheat Bran Diet Combined with Weight Self-monitoring on Visceral Fat and Body Weight Among Overweight Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Nami Yamanaka ◽  
Shinichiro Saito ◽  
Kazuya Kozuma ◽  
Noriko Osaki ◽  
Yoshihisa Katsuragi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Self Monitoring

scholarly journals Replacement of Concentrate Mix with Improved Forages for Afar Goats under Semi Intensive Production System Meet to Export Market Weight

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anwar Seid ◽  
Anwar Seid ◽  
Mohammed Yasin Ali ◽  
Endris Feqi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Concentrate Mix

The experiment was conducted with the objective of to evaluate the comparative feeding value of improved forages as a replacement of concentrate mix with its economic benefits on feed intake, body weight gain and carcass parameters of Afar goats. Twenty-five yearling intact male Afar goats with initial mean body weight of 15.05±1.25 (mean ± SD) were used for the experiment in randomized complete block design. The experimental animals were grouped in to five blocks of five animals based on their initial body weight and each animal within each block was randomly assigned to one of the five treatment diets. Treatments were grazing (Ad libitum) + 100% concentrate mix (wheat bran and noug seed cake) (T1), grazing (Ad libitum) + 100 % mixed forage (Rhodes and cowpea) (T2), grazing (Ad libitum) + 50 % mixed forage (Rhodes and cowpea) + 50% concentrate mix (T3), grazing (Ad libitum) + 25 % mixed forage (Rhodes and cowpea) + 75% concentrate mix (T4), and grazing (Ad libitum) + 75 % mixed forage (Rhodes and cowpea) + 25% concentrate mix (T5). The experiment was consisted of feeding trial followed by carcass evaluation. The supplement given at the rate of 300gDM/head/day. Water and mineralized salt block were available free of choice. The concentrate mix was 2:1 (wheat bran and Noug seed cake. The CP content of the NSC (Noug seed cake), WB (wheat bran), cowpea and Rhodes grass were 31.3, 17.4, 16.9 and 8.6 %, respectively. Organic matter and basal intake were not significant difference (P>0.05) among the treatments, while intake of supplement was slightly higher (P<0.05) for T1, T4, T3, than T5 and T2 respectively. Average daily gain in was higher 110g/d (T4). Hot carcass weight was slightly higher (P<0.05) for T4 10.82 kg. The use of sole cowpea and Rhodes grass mix instead of concentrate mix was reduces feed cost and increase net return. Mixture of cowpea and Rhodes grass as sole supplement is relatively comparable to the supplementary value of concentrate mixture to improve Afar goat performance but forage mix was required higher (p<0.05) feed to bring the same weight to other concentrate contained treatment diets.

Dietary carbohydrates as a means to prevent obesity and adipose tissue inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Vercalsteren ◽  
Christine Vranckx ◽  
Liesbeth Frederix ◽  
Max Gooijen ◽  
Ilse Scroyen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Foxp3 Expression ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
High Fructose

AbstractWhen obesity arises, adipose tissue (AT) expands and shifts to an influx of pro-inflammatory cells, leading to a state of chronic AT-inflammation.Furthermore, a western diet (WD) modulates the gut microbiome, increasing intestinal permeability. This facilitates the translocation of endotoxins and even entire bacteria into the blood stream, further contributing to the pro-inflammatory state. Even though it is evident a WD, high in fat and carbohydrates (CHO), can cause AT-inflammation, it is still unclear if fat or CHO is the main inducer. Therefore, we are currently investigating the effect of different CHO-types on AT-inflammation.During 15 weeks, male C57BL/6JRj mice were kept on several diets, consisting of high-fructose (HFRD), high-sucrose-high-fructose (HCFD), high-starch (HSTD) or a WD (n = 10 per group). Weekly monitoring of body weight and food intake was followed by analyses of visceral AT-inflammation. Kruskal-wallis tests were used for statistical analysis.Mice on HSTD and HCD had gained significantly less body weight compared to mice on WD after 15 weeks of diet. Mice on HSTD also gained significantly less body weight compared to mice on HFRD and HCFD. Moreover, mice on HSTD and HCD also had significantly smaller AT-depots as compared to mice on WD. Total plasma cholesterol as well as HDL and LDL levels were significantly lower in mice on HSTD and on HCD as compared to mice on WD. Gene expression analysis revealed a significantly lower expression of several pro-inflammatory markers (F4/80, Arg1, Mannose receptor, TNF, MCP1 and Saa3) in AT of mice on HSTD and on HCD compared to a WD. A HSTD also induced lower AT-expression of MCP1 and Saa3 than a HCFD and Saa3 expression was also significantly lower in the HSTD-group compared to the HFRD-group. Furthermore, Foxp3 expression, a marker for anti-inflammatory Treg cells, was significantly increased in AT of all CHO-diet fed mice as compared to the WD-group.In conclusion, these data suggest that certain dietary carbohydrates, in contrast to a WD, do not induce obesity or AT-inflammation, including lower gene expression of Saa3. It is stated that a WD induces Saa3 expression not only in AT, but also in the colon. Furthermore, since Saa3 is able to bind bacteria and is associated with inflammation, further research is necessary to investigate Saa3 as a possible link between disturbances in the gut microbiota and AT-inflammation.

The effect of artificial lighting and cobalt supplementation on the performance and coat shedding of steers intensively finished in yards

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (38) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
JG Morris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Forty steers were intensively finished in yards on rations of 90 per cent sorghum grain and 10 per cent of either sorghum silage or stubble. There were no significant differences in rate of body weight gain or efficiency of feed conversion of steers fed the two rations. The experiment commenced on July 2, 1965. An abrupt increase at this time in daylength by flood-lighting, for two 2-hour periods daily, had no significant effect on rate of body weight gain, feed efficiency or coat shedding of steers subjected to natural seasonal increases in daylength. The administration of a cobalt pellet to steers fed a low-cobalt sorghum grain had no effect on coat shedding or rate of body weight gain.

THE BENEFIT OF SHORT-TERM WEIGHT LOSS WITH ANTI-OBESITY MEDICATIONS IN REAL-WORLD CLINICAL PRACTICE

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1022-1028
Author(s):  
Kelly Shibuya ◽  
Khawla F. Ali ◽  
Xinge Ji ◽  
Alex Milinoivh ◽  
Janine Bauman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Real World ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare

Objective: The effectiveness of anti-obesity medications (AOMs) outside of clinical trials is unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the short-term effectiveness of AOMs in real-world practice. Methods: This retrospective study included adults aged ≥18 years, with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 or ≥27 kg/m2 with at least one obesity-related comorbidity who were prescribed phentermine hydrochloride, phenterminetopiramate, bupropion-naltrexone, or lorcaserin for 12 consecutive weeks between 2006 and 2016 at a large tertiary healthcare system. Propensity score–matched cohorts were created for each pair of AOMs. The primary outcomes were percent and absolute weight loss from baseline after 12 weeks. A prediction model was constructed to estimate weight loss with different AOMs based on demographic and clinical data. Results: Of the 3,411 patients included in this study, patients lost an average of 3.45% of body weight from baseline. All AOMs were associated with a significant weight loss from baseline ( P<.0001). Patients lost the highest percentage of body weight on phentermine hydrochloride (3.75 ± 5.66%), followed by phentermine-topiramate (3.63 ± 5.7%), bupropion-naltrexone (2.66 ± 5.03%), and lorcaserin (1.84 ± 6.69%). In propensity-matched cohorts, patients taking phentermine hydrochloride lost more weight than those taking lorcaserin or bupropion-naltrexone, and patients taking phentermine topiramate lost more weight than patients taking lorcaserin. Conclusion: In real-world practice, AOMs are associated with clinically meaningful weight loss of 2 to 4% after 12 weeks. In this study, phentermine hydrochloride and phentermine topiramate produced the most weight loss. AOMs should be seriously considered as part of the armamentarium to treat patients with obesity. Abbreviations: AOM = anti-obesity medication; BMI = body mass index; EMR = electronic medical record; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; T2D = type 2 diabetes

Heritability Estimates for Juvenile Body weight by Least Squares and DFREML in a Commercial Broiler Breeder Dam Population

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
A.J. Morris ◽  
G.E. Pollott
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Derivative Free ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Body Weight Measure ◽  
Different Sources

To date commercial broiler breeders have focused primarily on increasing early growth rate in selection programmes aimed at improving overall production efficiency. In commercial programmes, early growth rate is simplified to a single body weight measure taken at a fixed age during the growth phase approaching common slaughter weights. Most recent selection studies report heritabilities from experimental populations that are at best, synthesised from crossing modern broiler material from several different sources (Leenstra et al, 1986; Wang et al, 1991). Therefore, such populations are likely to exhibit greater heterozygosity than many commercial lines which have undergone many generations of intense selection in closed populations. This paper reports heritabilities estimated using both least squares and derivative-free maximum likelihood techniques for data from a commercial breeder dam line which has remained closed since its inception in 1975.

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