All-Cause Mortality Trends in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Period 2011 - 2020 with Focus on the Leading Causes of Death in 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Seila Lagarija ◽  
Nino Hasanica ◽  
Milan Radojicic ◽  
Elma Begovic ◽  
Maida Mulic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Secular Change of the Australian All-Cause Mortality, 1907-1998

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Bi ◽  
Sue Walker ◽  
Kevin A Parton ◽  
Michael Whitby
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Secular Changes ◽  
Stable Period ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Circulatory Diseases

The objective of this study was to identify secular change in Australian all-cause mortality over the period 1907-1998. The authors found that there was a decreasing trend in all-cause mortality, with five phases, over the study period. Phase I: 1907 to 1916, with relatively stable, but high, mortality rates. Phase II: 1917 to 1929, with great variations. Phase III: 1930 to 1943, a more stable period with lower mortality. Phase IV: 1944 to 1970, a slightly decreasing trend, with stagnation over the period 1958-69. Phase V: 1971 to 1998, with continuous decline. The mortality trends for major causes of death including infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, circulatory diseases, cancers, and injury are discussed. Possible reasons for the secular changes are explored.

scholarly journals Age-dependency in mortality of Finnish family caregivers: a nationwide register-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T M Mikkola ◽  
H Kautiainen ◽  
M Mänty ◽  
M B von Bonsdorff ◽  
T Kröger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Family Caregiver ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Caregiver Role ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Purpose Mortality appears to be lower in family caregivers than in the general population. However, there is lack of knowledge whether the difference in mortality between family caregivers and the general population is dependent on age. The purpose of this study was to analyze all-cause mortality in relation to age in family caregivers and to study their cause-specific mortality using data from multiple Finnish national registers. Methods The data included all individuals, who received family caregiver's allowance in Finland in 2012 (n = 42 256, mean age 67 years, 71% women) and a control population matched for age, sex, and municipality of residence (n = 83 618). Information on dates and causes of death between 2012 and 2017 were obtained from the Finnish Causes of Death Register. Flexible parametric survival modeling and competing risk regression adjusted for socioeconomic status were used. Results The total follow-up time was 717 877 person-years. Family caregivers had lower all-cause mortality than the controls over the follow-up (8.1% vs. 11.6%) both among women (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.61-0.68) and men (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.70-0.77). Younger adult caregivers had equal or only slightly lower mortality than their controls, but after age 60, the difference increased markedly resulting in over 10% lower mortality in favor of the caregivers in the oldest age groups. Caregivers had lower mortality for all the causes of death studied, namely cardiovascular, cancer, neurological, external, respiratory, gastrointestinal and dementia than the controls. Of these, the lowest was the risk for dementia (subhazard ratio=0.29, 95%CI: 0.25-0.34). Conclusions Older family caregivers have lower mortality than the age-matched controls from the general population while younger caregivers have similar mortality to their peers. This age-dependent advantage in mortality is likely to reflect selection of healthier individuals into the family caregiver role. Key messages The difference in mortality between family caregivers and the age-matched general population varies considerably with age. Advantage in mortality observed in family caregiver studies is likely to reflect the selection of healthier individuals into the caregiver role, which underestimates the adverse effects of caregiving.

scholarly journals Mortality from external causes in Russia over half a century

2015 ◽  
pp. 85-108
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kvasha ◽  
Tatiana Kharkova ◽  
Valeriy Yumaguzin
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Undetermined Intent ◽  
External Causes Of Death ◽  
Excess Number ◽  
External Causes

The article discusses long-term mortality trends (since 1956) from external causes of death in Russia. Russia has long lagged behind developed countries in this domain. The level of mortality from external causes of death remains high and its structure is still archaic with large contribution of homicides, alcohol poisoning and injuries of undetermined intent. Excess number of deaths from life tables of Russia and Western European countries is compared. It is shown that in Russia the greatest excess losses are associated with mortality from poisonings among both sexes, suicide among men and homicide among women. Mortality from external causes, along with mortality from diseases of the circulatory system, has had a significant impact on life expectancy. In general, over the period 1956-2012 the increase in mortality from external causes in the 15-64 age group reduced life expectancy by 2.6 years for males and 0.7 years for females. The decline, starting in 2003, of mortality from external causes of death has slightly reduced the gap between Russia and developed countries, bringing the current Russian level closer to those levels reached in Russia in the mid-1960s and 1980s. However, given the fluctuations of mortality from external causes, it is premature to say whether the current decline in mortality is robust.

scholarly journals All-Cause and Cancer Mortality Trends in Macheng, China (1984–2013): An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2068
Author(s):  
Chunhui Li ◽  
Songbo Hu ◽  
Chuanhua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Males And Females

The aim was to study the variation trends of all-cause and cancer mortality during 1984–2013 in Macheng City, China. The mortality data were collected from Macheng City disease surveillance points system and Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The model life table system was used to adjust mortality rates due to an under-reporting problem. An age-period-cohort model and intrinsic estimator algorithm were used to estimate the age effect, period effect, and cohort effect of all-cause mortality and cancer mortality for males and females. Age effect of all-cause mortality for both sexes increased with age, while the age effect of cancer mortality for both sexes reached a peak at the age group of 55–59 years old and then decreased. The relative risks (RRs) of all-cause mortality for males and females declined with the period and decreased by 51.13% and 63.27% during the whole study period, respectively. Furthermore, the period effect of cancer mortality in both sexes decreased at first and then increased. The cohort effect of all-cause and cancer mortality for both sexes born after 1904 presented the pattern of “rise first and then fall,” and decreased by 82.18% and 90.77% from cohort 1904–1908 to 1989–1993, respectively; especially, the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality for both sexes born before 1949 was much higher than that for those born after 1949.

scholarly journals Stillbirth, newborn and infant mortality: trends and inequalities in four population-based birth cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil, 1982–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i54-i62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M B Menezes ◽  
Fernando C Barros ◽  
Bernardo L Horta ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Economic Inequalities

Abstract Background Infant-mortality rates have been declining in many low- and middle-income countries, including Brazil. Information on causes of death and on socio-economic inequalities is scarce. Methods Four birth cohorts were carried out in the city of Pelotas in 1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015, each including all hospital births in the calendar year. Surveillance in hospitals and vital registries, accompanied by interviews with doctors and families, detected fetal and infant deaths and ascertained their causes. Late-fetal (stillbirth)-, neonatal- and post-neonatal-death rates were calculated. Results All-cause and cause-specific death rates were reduced. During the study period, stillbirths fell by 47.8% (from 16.1 to 8.4 per 1000), neonatal mortality by 57.0% (from 20.1 to 8.7) and infant mortality by 62.0% (from 36.4 to 13.8). Perinatal causes were the leading causes of death in the four cohorts; deaths due to infectious diseases showed the largest reductions, with diarrhoea causing 25 deaths in 1982 and none in 2015. Late-fetal-, neonatal- and infant-mortality rates were higher for children born to Brown or Black women and to low-income women. Absolute socio-economic inequalities based on income—expressed in deaths per 1000 births—were reduced over time but relative inequalities—expressed as ratios of mortality rates—tended to remain stable. Conclusion The observed improvements are likely due to progress in social determinants of health and expansion of health care. In spite of progress, current levels remain substantially greater than those observed in high-income countries, and social and ethnic inequalities persist.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF AGE AND BIOLOGICAL SEX MORTALITY TRENDS BETWEEN ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT DOWN SYNDROME

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S352-S352
Author(s):  
James D Stevens ◽  
James D Stevens ◽  
Scott D Landes ◽  
Margaret A Turk
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
The Us ◽  
Underlying Cause Of Death ◽  
Health And Mortality

Abstract Distinct mortality trends emerge from comparisons of mean and median age at death and specific causes of death between adults with and without cerebral palsy. We compare standardized mortality odds ratios (SMORs) for 20 leading causes of death for 11,895 adults with cerebral palsy and 13,047,988 without cerebral palsy in the US between 2012 and 2016. Male and female decadents with cerebral palsy died significantly younger than male and female decadents without cerebral palsy, and were more likely to die from respiratory diseases, choking, and unknown causes. Public health and preventive care efforts should account for respiratory, swallowing, and nutrition risks, as well as mortality trends’ variation across age and biological sex. The CDC and WHO could better surveil this population’s health and mortality by disallowing certifiers from using cerebral palsy as the underlying cause of death as the practice leads to high rates of unknown causes of death.

scholarly journals Detecting Mortality Trends in the Netherlands Across 625 Causes of Death

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Mitratza ◽  
Anton E. Kunst ◽  
Jan W. P. F. Kardaun
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Cubic Model ◽  
Long Term Trend

Cause of death (COD) data are essential to public health monitoring and policy. This study aims to determine the proportion of CODs, at ICD-10 three-position level, for which a long-term or short-term trend can be identified, and to examine how much the likelihood of identifying trends varies with COD size. We calculated annual age-standardized counts of deaths from Statistics Netherlands for the period 1996–2015 for 625 CODs. We applied linear regression models to estimate long-term trends, and outlier analysis to detect short-term changes. The association of the likelihood of a long-term trend with COD size was analyzed with multinomial logistic regression. No long-term trend could be demonstrated for 216 CODs (34.5%). For the remaining 409 causes, a trend could be detected, following a linear (211, 33.8%), quadratic (126, 20.2%) or cubic model (72, 11.5%). The probability of detecting a long-term trend increased from about 50% at six mean annual deaths, to 65% at 22 deaths and 75% at 60 deaths. An exceptionally high or low number of deaths in a single year was found for 16 CODs. When monitoring long-term mortality trends, one could consider a much broader range of causes of death, including ones with a relatively low number of annual deaths, than commonly used in condensed lists.

scholarly journals Mortality in US Hemodialysis Patients Following Exposure to Wildfire Smoke

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1824-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhi Xi ◽  
Abhijit V. Kshirsagar ◽  
Timothy J. Wade ◽  
David B. Richardson ◽  
M. Alan Brookhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Place Of Death ◽  
Environmental Stressor ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Rate Ratios

BackgroundWildfires are increasingly a significant source of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which has been linked to adverse health effects and increased mortality. ESKD patients are potentially susceptible to this environmental stressor.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective time-series analysis of the association between daily exposure to wildfire PM2.5 and mortality in 253 counties near a major wildfire between 2008 and 2012. Using quasi-Poisson regression models, we estimated rate ratios (RRs) for all-cause mortality on the day of exposure and up to 30 days following exposure, adjusted for background PM2.5, day of week, seasonality, and heat. We stratified the analysis by causes of death (cardiac, vascular, infectious, or other) and place of death (clinical or nonclinical setting) for differential PM2.5 exposure and outcome classification.ResultsWe found 48,454 deaths matched to the 253 counties. A 10-μg/m3 increase in wildfire PM2.5 associated with a 4% increase in all-cause mortality on the same day (RR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.01 to 1.07) and 7% increase cumulatively over 30 days following exposure (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.12). Risk was elevated following exposure for deaths occurring in nonclinical settings (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.12), suggesting modification of exposure by place of death. “Other” deaths (those not attributed to cardiac, vascular, or infectious causes) accounted for the largest portion of deaths and had a strong same-day effect (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.12) and cumulative effect over the 30-day period. On days with a wildfire PM2.5 contribution >10 μg/m3, exposure accounted for 8.4% of mortality.ConclusionsWildfire smoke exposure was positively associated with all-cause mortality among patients receiving in-center hemodialysis.

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