scholarly journals Quality of sunflower oil seeds in the Middle Volga region

Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Baurzhan Zhunuzovich Dzhangabaev ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina ◽  
Ivan Filippovich Medvedev

The results of studies on the study of six variants of sunflower cultivated by production system ExpressSun (predecessor barley), on ordinary Chernozem during 2013-2018 are presented. Research on hybrid P63LE10 showed the promise of deep loosening of the soil as the main soil tillage. It ensures, the yield of 2.2-2.5 t/ha of oilseeds after the application of fertilizers. It is established that one of the main quality indicators of oilseeds – oil content – depends on the mass of 1000 seeds, while the highest value detected on the maximum level of intensity of 51.3-51.5 g, that is  1.6-2.6 g (3,2-5,3 %) more than the rest of the studied variants. The maximum oil content is on natural fertility background – 47.8-49.2 %, which was 1.3 and 1.9 % more than in the fertilized variants. In the study of the nature of oilseeds they are revealed trends of dependence on the used means of intensification similar to the oil content of seed at a positive relationship with the crop yield (r= 0.71-0.92*). Application of mineral fertilizers in a dose NPK30 provides stabilization of productivity and quality of oil seeds in any climatic conditions year. On the basis of the obtained data they are  revealed manufacturing operations that provide high productivity and quality of seeds: the fertilizer dose NPK30, deep loosening to 25-27 cm (PCH-4.5), spring harrowing (BZSS-1.0), pre-sowing cultivation (OPO-4.25), consolidation of the soil (3kksh-6), sowing (SSTV-6), the harrowing on shoots in one track (BZSS-1.0), treatment with herbicide (Express, 50g/ha).

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарев ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина

Пахотные угодья Республики Коми в основном представлены дерново-подзолистыми почвами с низким естественным плодородием, которые без применения удобрений быстро подвергаются деградационным процессам, что резко снижает их продуктивность. Цель исследований: оценка эффективности долговременного применения органических и минеральных удобрений при выращивании картофеля в кормовом севообороте в условиях Республики Коми. Методической основой выполнения работ были комплексные исследования дерново-подзолистых почв, клубней картофеля на участках многолетнего полевого эксперимента, заложенного на землях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН в соответствии с «Методическими указаниями географической сети опытов с удобрениями». Длительный период исследований (более 40 лет) характеризовался различными климатическими условиями, которые отразились на количестве урожая и качестве клубней картофеля. Было проведено 7 ротаций (14 лет) с выращиванием картофеля. Вносили органические удобрения – торфонавозный компост (ТНК) в дозах 40 и 80 т/га (1 и 2 фон, соответственно) под картофель и минеральные удобрения – NPК в дозах 1/3; 1/2 и 1 для восполнения выноса растениями элементов питания. Установлено положительное влияние комплексного применения органических и минеральных удобрений на урожайность и качество картофеля, а также на плодородие дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой среднеокультуренной почвы в кормовом севообороте в почвенно-климатических условиях Республики Коми. В результате применения шестипольного севооборота и комплексного внесения удобрений с 1978 года к 2019 году в почвах снизилась обменная и гидролитическая кислотность; повысилось содержание гумуса на 0,5% (в контроле); на 0,2–0,5% (с тремя дозами минеральных удобрений); на 0,3–1,1% (с ТНК); на 0,2–1,6% (при совместном применении органических и минеральных удобрений). Наибольшие урожаи картофеля получены при совместном применении органических (80 т/га) и минеральных удобрений (1 NPК) и составили 37,1 т/га клубней (8,5 тыс/га кормовых единиц). При таком соотношении удобрений показано высокое качество клубней картофеля: содержание крахмала 15,5%, витамина С – 19,4 мг%, сырого протеина – 14,1%. Количество нитратного азота не превышало ПДК (ПДК 250 мг.с.м.). Экономические расчеты показали, что при внесении ТНК 40 т/га + 1 NPК в дерново-подзолистые почвы с.-х. использования в среднетаежной зоне Республики Коми при выращивании картофеля, условный чистый доход составит 68,4 тыс. р. с 1 га, себестоимость 1 т картофеля – 2,8 тыс. р., рентабельность 188,7%. The arable land of the Republic of Komi is mainly represented by dern-sub-ground soils with low natural fertility, which without the use of fertilizers are quickly subjected to degradation processes, which dramatically reduces their productivity. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers in the growing of potatoes in feed crop rotation in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The methodological basis for carrying out the works was comprehensive studies of dern-subhead soils, potato tubers on the sites of a multi-year field experiment laid on the lands of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the FRC Komi SC UB RAS in accordance with the «Methodological Instructions of the Geographical Network of Experiments with Fertilizers». A long period of research (more than 40 years) was characterized by different climatic conditions, which affected the number of crops and the quality of potato tubers. There were 7 rotations (14 years) with potato cultivation. Organic fertilizers – peat-avous compost (TNK) in doses of 40 and 80 t/ha (1 and 2 background, respectively) for potatoes and mineral fertilizers – NPK in doses of 1/3; 1/2 and 1 to replenish the carry-out of food elements by plants. The positive effect of the integrated use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of potatoes, as well as on the fertility of soddy-podzolic light loamy medium cultivated soil in fodder crop rotation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic, has been established. As a result of the use of six-bed crop rotation and the integrated application of fertilizers, metabolic and hydrolytic acidity decreased in soils from 1978 to 2019; humus content increased by 0.5% (in control); 0.2–0.5% (with three doses of mineral fertilizers); 0.3–1.1% (with TNCs); 0.2–1.6% (with combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers). The largest potato yields were obtained from the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha tubers (8.5 thousand/ha feed units). The largest potato harvests were obtained with the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha of tubers (8.5 thousand/ha of feed units). With this ratio of fertilizers, the high quality of potato tubers was also determined: the starch content was 15.5%, vitamin C – 19.4 mg%, crude protein – 14.1%. The amount of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed the MPC (MPC 250 mg.s.m.). Economic calculations showed that if TNK is added 40 t/ha 1 NPK to the dern-sub-ground soils of agricultural use in the medium-sized zone of the Komi Republic when growing potatoes, the conditional net income will be 68.4 thousand rubles from 1 ha, the cost of 1 t of potatoes – 2.8 thousand rubles, profitability 188.7%.


2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Oleg Goryanin ◽  
Anatoly Chichkin ◽  
Baurzhan Dzhangabaev ◽  
Elena Shcherbinina

<p>The influence of long-term use of mineral and organic fertilizers, crop rotations, plant residues, soil treatment systems on humus content of common chernozems and stabilization of productivity of field crops in the arid conditions of the Middle Volga region is considered on the example of researches in the Samara area. The zone climate of field experiments is characterized as extremely continental. The sum of the active temperatures (above 10°C) is 2,800-3,000°C. The average annual rainfall is 454.1 mm with fluctuations over the years from 187.5 mm to 704.6 mm. At some years, precipitation does not happen within a month or more. Hydrothermal index in May-August is 0,7, the duration of the frost-free period is 149 days. If the humus content in the region is 4.35-4.52%, then, it is necessary to introduce 6.7-8.0 t/ha of manure per year to maintain the balance of the deficit. The introduction of biological methods for the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility (green fertilizers, perennial grasses, straw as fertilizer) reduces the loss of humus by 0.15-0.24 t/ha. This makes it possible to increase the payback of mineral fertilizers, which must be taken into account when developing fertility reproduction systems for soils. In the variants with minimal and differentiated cultivation of the soil during crop rotation in 30 years of the study, the loss of humus in the 0-30 cm layer decreased by 0.04 - 0.73% (43-789 kg per year with maximum values in the combination of direct seeding of spring crops with deep loosening for a number of crop rotations is 4.14%, significantly exceeding the control (by 0.54%). The decrease in soil fertility in the variants with constant plowing and minimal tillage contributed to an increase in the conjugation of productivity of crops with humus. Based on the research, in order to preserve the fertility of the soil of ordinary chernozem, it is necessary to use green fertilizer, leguminous perennial grasses. In the regional rotations of crop production, new generation technologies are recommended, the basis of which is differentiated tillage with the use of crushed straw as fertilizer.</p>


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Золоторева ◽  
Rimma Zolotoreva ◽  
Виноградов ◽  
Georgiy Vinogradov ◽  
Максимов ◽  
...  

The article discusses the influence of mineral fertilizers on formation of productivity and grain quality of different spring barley types in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Mari El. Research has established, that the application of mineral fertilizers for spring barley in doses of N60P60K60 and N90P60K60 increases the crude protein content in the grain and increase harvesting of feed units per unit of cultivated area.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Антонина Мостякова ◽  
Antonina Mostyakova ◽  
Константин Владимиров ◽  
Konstantin Vladimirov ◽  
Артур Тяминов ◽  
...  

The studies were carried out to determine the effectiveness of applying calculated doses of fertilizers to the planned potato tuber yields of the early-ripening Molly and Colette group in the conditions of the forest steppe of the middle Volga region. The influence of mineral nutrition backgrounds, calculated on obtaining tuber yields of 25, 35 and 45 tons per hectare in comparison with the unapproved control, has been studied. The analysis of the leaf area dynamics of potato plants, the parameters of the leaf photosynthetic potential, the coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation factor showed that these indicators of photosynthetic activity are directly dependent on the level of mineral nutrition. Against the background of natural fertility, the Molly variety produced 16.76 tons of tubers per hectare and 18.32 tons of the Colette variety. Fertilizers, calculated for 25-45 tons of tubers per hectare, ensured the formation of Molly 28.23-43.57 t ons per hectare, Colette - 29.72-42.54 tons per hectare. The introduction of calculated doses of fertilizers at 25 and 35 tons of tubers per hectare did not result in a significant decrease in the starch content in the tubers, and the doses that were calculated for a yield of 45 tons per hectare increased the amount of nitrates and reduced the starch content in the tubers.


Author(s):  
L.A. Chaikovskaya ◽  
◽  
V.V. Klyuchenko ◽  
M.I. Baranskaya ◽  
O.L. Ovsienko ◽  
...  

The use of biological products based on effective strains of microorganisms with a range of useful properties is one of the aspects of biological farming. The long-term field experiments were conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of the Crimea. А positive effect of the combined use of mineral fertilizers (NPK calculated at P30) and pre-sown inoculation of seeds (biopreparation based on L. nimipressuralis CCM 32-3) on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain was shown. The increase in grain productivity of winter wheat by 31 % compared to control (on average for 3 years) and grain quality indicators: protein and gluten – up to 12.5% and 28.0 % (in the control 9.9% and 19.2%, respectively) was revealed.


Author(s):  
С. В. Маслійов ◽  
В. В. Степанов ◽  
М. В. Калініченко ◽  
І. І. Ярчук

Значне місце у вирішенні проблеми підвищення врожайності соняшнику займає удосконалення сортової агротехніки вирощування. Проведено досліди зі зміни ширини міжрядь у посівах гібридів соняшнику з 70 см до 15 см. У кожному з варіантів посіву були представлені по чотири варіанти густоти стояння рослин 70; 60; 50; 40 тис. / га. Дослідження проводилися на дослідних ділянках кафедри біології та агрономії Луганського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка. У дослідах висаджували гібриди вітчизняної селекції Ясон, Гектор, Базальт, Сучасник. Ці гібриди охоплюють основні морфотипи і групи стиглості, найбільш поширені в колективних і фермерських господарствах. Отримані результати показали, що способи сівби мало впливали на якість насіння, але в більшості років спостерігається підвищення олійності на суцільному посіві. Згущення соняшника сприяє збільшенню олійності і зменшенню білковости насіння. Кращий за якістю насіння був гібрид Базальт. A significant place in solving the problem of increasing the yield of sunflower is taken by the improvement of the varietal agrotechnology of sunflower cultivation. The best technology of growing sunflower hybrids to obtain a high yield is described. In conditions of Luhansk region the best sunflower precursors are winter crops, corn, legumes, barley. In our case, winter wheat was a precursor of the sunflower. Recommendations for the soil treatment, application of mineral fertilizers, sowing time, seeding rates, and crop care were provided. In autumn, plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm was carried out. In the spring, in order to close the humidity by plowing, an alignment of the plow land was carried out. Due to the weak clogging with weeds, one pre-sowing cultivation was carried out to a depth of 5-6 cm. Herbicide was introduced directly before cultivation against the weeds. Hybrids resistant to: phomopsis, white rot of composite flowers, white rot of stems and downy mildew are recommended. Experiments were carried out on changing the width of the rows between the sunflower hybrids from 70 cm to 15 cm.  Every varieties of plant standing were presented to each variant of sowing; 70; 60; 50; 40 th/h. The studies were conducted on experimental plots of the Department of Biology and Agronomy of Taras Shevchenko. Luhansk National University. In experiments, hybrids of domestic breeding Jason, Hector, Basalt, Suchasnyk were planted; these hybrids cover the main morphotypes and groups of ripeness, which are most common in collective farms. The results showed that the methods of sowing influenced the quality of the seeds, but in most years there has been an increase in oil content on continuous sowing. The thickening of sunflower promotes an increase in oil content and a decrease in the protein content of seeds. The best seed quality was the Basalt hybrid.


2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Saida S. Saidova ◽  

The article explores the biotechnological potential of growing Torch tomatoes in the territory of Dagestan. The characteristics of the hybrid varieties of tomatoes Torch are given. The comparative characteristic of yield indicators of tomato varieties Torch with other varieties cultivated in the southern part of Russia is presented. Five universal soil fertilizer schemes and their application regimes for growing tomatoes were tested as part of the field experiment. The most optimal ratios of the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for fertilizing soils and fertilizing plants, as an alternative to natural organic nitrogen fertilizers. It is proved that with the introduction of mineral fertilizers against the background of the aftereffect of manure in the soil, the content of nitrates, mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium increases. The influence of the timing of the use of fertilizers on the accumulation of dry matter and the area of the assimilation surface of tomatoes of the Torch variety during the growing season was studied. The dependence of the yield of commodity fruits of the Torch tomato on the doses and timing of the use of fertilizers was established. The effect of fertilizers on individual biometric indicators of Torch tomato plants on the period of mass ripening of fruits is shown; individual indicators of the quality of the Torch tomato fruit in full ripeness are determined depending on fertilizers. It has been shown that the application of fertilizers ensures the yield of fruits of sown tomatoes of the Torch cultivar at the level of 480-500 centner, and also that the tomato plants of the Torch cultivar form the maximum assimilation surface during the period of mass fruit formation. It is shown that the amount of nitrates in the fruits, regardless of the background of cultivation, does not exceed their maximum permissible concentration; in practice, the high yield of tomatoes Torch cultivar in the climatic conditions of Dagestan has been proved.


2020 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
L. K. Сhehalkova ◽  
A. M. Konova ◽  
A. Yu. Gavrilova

Relevance. The aim was to study the reaction of new potato varieties early ripening group Zabava and middle-ripening group Smolyanochka on the timing of planting and doses of mineral fertilizers for obtaining maximum yield of seed potatoes. As mineral fertilizers used azophoska, superphosphate and potassium chloride.Results. It was found that the variety Zabava compared to the variety Smolyanochka, had a higher stem-forming ability and exceeded the parameters of the stem in all variants of the experiment. This is due to the biological characteristics of the studied varieties, since the Zabava variety, unlike the Smolyanochka variety, had more multiple eyes on the surface of the tuber. Against the background of applying mineral fertilizers N60P72K90, the density of the stem was higher, compared with the background of applying N32P32K32 in both the Zabava variety and the Smolyanochka variety. It should also be noted that there was a tendency to reduce the stem at a later date of planting in all variants of the experiment. The percentage of viral diseases affected increased with later planting dates and was highest with the planting dates of 14 and 20 may. The highest yield of tubers of the seed fraction was obtained in the variant with a planting date of may 14 against the background of balanced doses of mineral fertilizers (N60P72K90) and amounted to 13.3 t/ha in the Zabava variety, 13.0 t/ha in the Smolyanochka variety. It should be noted that different backgrounds of mineral fertilizers did not have a significant impact on the percentage of potato tubers affected by diseases. At the same time, the incidence of tubers with diseases did not exceed the regulatory requirements of GOST R 53136 – 2008 "Seed potatoes. Technical conditions».


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00071
Author(s):  
Marat Amirov ◽  
Farit Shaikhutdinov ◽  
Igor Serzhanov ◽  
Albina Serzhanova

The article presents the results of research conducted in different soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region on the influence of regulated factors, as well as environmental factors on the production process of plants of various types of spring wheat. The amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is enough to obtain yields within 12–13 tons of dry biomass or 6–7 tons of grain. Natural precipitation is able to provide 3.82–4.36 t of spring wheat grain from 1 ha, and 4.5–6.3 t/ha by the total influence of solar energy, heat and moisture supply. Natural level of soil fertility without application of organic and mineral fertilizers allows to receive about 2 tons of spring wheat grain from 1 ha. Application of nitrogen in the form of ammoniac water (N-20.5 %) increased the yield in comparison with the use of nitrogen in the form of ammoniac saltpeter: the increase was 0.14 t per 1 ha. In the conditions of grey forest soil in the Predkamye region of the Republic of Tatarstan the optimal norm of sowing of spring wheat Triticum dicoccum Schuebl (spelt) depending on the feeding background was established. Growth of yield at sowing of 6 million seeds per hectare at all levels of nutrition in comparison with sowing rate of 4 million tons per hectare was 0.18 tons per hectare against the natural background, against the estimated background of NRC on 2.0 tons of grain – 0.19 tons and 2.5 tons of grain – 0.24 tons per hectare. The maximum yield increase was received at a combination of a mineral foodstuff with an optimum norm of sowing and has made on a settlement background 2 tons of grain from hectare – 0.20 tons, on 2.5 tons of grain – 0.34 tons from hectare. Thus, the aim of our research was to develop methods of growing high yielding quality grain of different types of wheat adapted to the conditions of forest-steppe in the Volga region.


Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Alexey Vasilyevich Vasin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina ◽  
Baurzhan Zhunuzovich Dzhangabaev ◽  
Lilia Vladimirovna Pronovich ◽  
...  

It is given the impact of direct sowing technologies with different levels of intensity of arable land use, in comparison with the traditional tillage, on the elements of fertility of ordinary chernozem and productivity of spring durum wheat in the middle Volga region. The complex application of direct sowing technology using straw as fertilizer stabilizes with traditional technology the supply of soil with nitrogen, increases the content of mobile forms of phosphorus in it by 1.5-21.2%, potassium exchange – by 10.4-18.3%.   Improving the nitrogen regime of the soil in direct sowing, in which the starting doses of nitrogen fertilizers were combined with integrated plant protection, provided the highest grain yield – 1.76-1.79 t/ha, which is 0.41-0.44 t/ha (30.4-32.6 %) higher than the control. The increase in yield from the use of biological products was 0.15 t / ha (11.9 %), nitrogen fertilizers N30 – 0.17 t/ha (13.4 %), the combined use of fertilizers and insecticides 0.50-0.53 t/ha (39.7-42.0 %). The highest cost recovery was after direct sowing with a maximum level of intensification-1.98-2.02 rubles/ha, which is 0.14-0.32 rubles/ha higher than the other options. The smallest economic indicators obtained in the control to 1.54 rubles/ha. According to the results of research with direct seeding of spring durum wheat in the region is proposed on the background of integrated plant protection application of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on yield of 2.0 t/ha (pre-sowing, local-band application).


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