scholarly journals On the Function of Name in Irish and Slavonic Written Incantation Tradition

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Tatyana Mikhailova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Each of the words of this topic needs a special commentary. Our study aims to shed some more light on the problem of typology of the magic texts as a special cultural phenomenon that obtains a constant character. NAME. By the ‘name’ in charm tradition we mean two different types of usage of a personal name: (a) ‘background name’ and (b) ‘subject name’. By (a) we mean a traditional use of names of sacred Christian figures as well as of pagan mythological characters that create a specific background of the magic formula. It serves as an indicator of the compiler’s/user’s Christian or pagan character. But, in fact, it is very difficult to draw a strict distinction between the paganism and a so-called ‘naive Christianity’ in the primary sources (esp. in Slavic and, in particular, in Russian). Some further discussion can be provided by a more detailed analysis of a number of ‘background names’ used in charms. At the same time, being unique for the user, the names of celestial bodies, forces of nature, ‘daughters of the sea’ (in Irish lorica) etc. can fulfill the role of the ‘background name’. By (b) the ‘subject name’ we mean a proper name of an individual for (against) whom the magic text is once composed (pronounced, written etc). WRITTEN TRADITION. Two different types of usage of the term are possible. On the one hand, we are dealing with a so called ‘naive recording’ (remembering) of the oral text, probably, for the purpose of its further (oral) reproduction. In this situation, we suppose, the use of the ‘subject name’ is impossible. On the other hand, the written tradition of magic texts presumes (and includes) a manufacturing of specific magical ‘artefacts’ (tablets, amulets, Old Russian ‘nauzes’ etc.). In this case the name fulfills its specific function. It creates a proper magical object (cf. Plotius, Caer, Mikhej of a Novgorod birchbark etc). The idea that the magical texts that use 1 sg. poss. pron. (me) as a subject may be reproduced orally (or in a written form) should be given some consideration. Me-tradition (not widespread in Russia) supposes the poly-functional use of a charm. CHARM. By this term we mean both an incantation (a spell as a text and as a language artifact) and a magical action (a rite, including the manufacturing of an object with specific characters, for example, magical runes of Old Scandinavia). The comparison between Mediaeval Irish and Russian charm traditions is possible due to the typological relation that exists between Irish and Russian cultures in the early period when Christianity coexisted with paganism. The more detailed analysis can be presented as a schema or a table, embracing all situations of the use of ‘charms’ in a traditional culture”.

scholarly journals THE FUNCTIONAL ASPECT OF THE ZERO NAME IN THE STORIES BY VLADIMIR NABOKOV

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Boris V. Kovaliov ◽  
◽  
Vadim E. Pugach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Vladimir Nabokov ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Third Person

The article is devoted to the analysis of the functions of the zero name of proper characters in V. V. Nabokov's short prose. The factors are highlighted on the basis of which an attempt can be made to classify zero names in Nabokov's texts. The first factor is the grammatical person from whom the story is told. Particular cases related to narration from the first and third person are analyzed. The second factor is who in the text is the bearer of the zero name: the main character or the minor one? The authors pay special attention to antonomazia as a way of replacing a proper name with a null name. In the course of the study, it turns out that antonomazia can be used as a means of characterizing a character, as well as a reference not to a specific image, but to a certain class. The third factor is the possible taboo of the name as a technique. In the course of the research, two types of tabooing of a proper name are distinguished: religious and sociopsychological. The second part of the article analyzes V. V. Nabokov's story «The Razor» as an example of a text, on the basis of which one can prove the assertion about the polyfunctionality of a null name. The nomination of each character is studied in detail. The authors conclude that the opposition of full and null names plays a key role in building conflict in the plot. Moreover, the opposition of different types of nominations is a technique that determines the structure of the text, its semantic and associative levels. Based on a review of a number of Nabokov's texts and a detailed analysis of «The Razor» story, eleven functions of the zero name of V. V. Nabokov's own characters are formulated.

scholarly journals IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL USING GRAMMALY APPLICATION FOR SECOND GRADE IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Sri Fahmi ◽  
Cynantia Rachmijati
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Research Finding ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Writing Skill ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Writing is the most important skill in learning a language. Through writing is a way to express student’s ideas, but most students are still deeply mistaken in spelling, grammar, vocabulary and also punctuation. The one way to fix it is to give the students solution with a tool that can help and guide to show their mistake. This research aim of improving students writing skills using Grammarly application. By using Grammarly students are guided to find out students' errors and how to fix it and improve their writing skills using Grammarly application, especially in second grade in senior high school. This research used a qualitative method through pre-test and posttest. The subject of this research is consists of 32 students in second grade in senior high school. The research finding that’s after using Grammarly application can improve student’s ability in writing and express what their thought and felt. It suggested that students should be confident in conveying their ideas into written form as well as maximizing this Grammarly application to help them find errors in writing and can find the correct one. It is recommended that teachers give more serious attention errors of students in writing because of solving. Keywords:  Writing Skill, Grammarly Application

Art. VI.—The Chinese Secret Triad Society of the Tien-ti-huih

1841 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 120-158
Author(s):  
Newbold ◽  
Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Water Lily ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
White Water ◽  
Straits Of Malacca ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

Various associations have long existed in China, of which secrecy was at an early period the prominent feature, since the jealousy of the imperial government declares the association of even five persons to be illegal, and punishes the crime of belonging to these associations with death. Among these fraternities may be enumerated—1st, the Great Ascending Society; 2nd, the Society of Glory and Splendour; 3rd, the Union of the Three Great Towers, viz., Heaven, Earth, and Man; 4th, the White Jackets; 5th, the Red Beards; 6th, the Short Swords; 7th, the White Water-Lily; 8th, the Sea and Land Society; 9th, the Righteous Rising Society, &c. The third of these associations, which, from all that can be gathered, assimilate in their origin, is the one that prevails in Canton, and obtains almost exclusively in the Straits of Malacca, and the vast islands of the Indian Archipelago; and which will principally form the subject of this notice. It is commonly known under the terms of Tien-ti-huih, or San-ho-huih, and is sometimes divided into two branches—the Canton and Fokien, to which provinces most of the Chinese emigrants belong. Those from Canton, are, I believe, by far the most numerous. Other societies or Kongsis exist, with the benevolent object of raising funds for the assistance and support of those among their number in distress; but they are almost all subject, more or less, to some of the objections that exist against the Tien-ti-huih.

Between Heymann Steinthal and Adolf Tobler

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakov Malkiel
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
University Of Berlin ◽  
Intellectual Milieu ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
Romance Philology

Summary This bio-bibliographical account of Georg Cohn (1866–194?) essays to sketch out the life of a Berlin Privatgelehrter at the end of the 19th and the early period of the 20th century. It characterizes the intellectual milieu of time and place, both inside and outside the vistas of Romance philology at the University of Berlin, and traces in particular the influence on Georg Cohn of scholars such as the general linguist, philosopher, and psychologist of language, Heymann Steinthal (1823–99), on the one hand, and the Romanist Adolf Tobler (1835–1910), on the other. In addition, a detailed analysis is offered of Cohn’s most important contributions to Romance scholarship.

scholarly journals ASPECTS CONCERNING INTERIM FINANCIAL REPORTING IN ROMANIA: STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristita Rotila
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Current System ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Annual Reporting ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The mechanisms employed for the communication of accounting information that is necessary for users in their economic decision-making process consist of the financial statements of an entity. All legal entities, no matter the domain of their activity, have the obligation to draw up annual financial statements for every completed financial year. For certain categories of entities, reporting obligations are also required for periods other than the annual reporting, throughout the financial year. It is the case of interim financial reporting. At the level of the international accounting framework, the aspects related to interim financial reporting are the subject of a separate standard, namely, IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting. In Romania, the current system of accounting regulations concerning the annual financial statements comprises accounting regulations that comply with the European directives and which apply to the various categories of entities, on the one hand and, on the other, accounting regulations in line with the IFRS, which are applicable to other classes of entities from certain activity sectors. The accounting regulations that apply to each category refer to, among other things, the contents and the format of financial statements that have to be presented. Analysing the system of norms and regulations, this article identifies the requirements concerning interim financial reporting in Romania, with reference to the different types of entities.

scholarly journals Special School as One of the Implementers of Education for Sustainable Development of Persons with Moderate and Severe Intellectual Disability, as well as Multiple Disability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
IWONA WENDREŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special School ◽  
Special Schools ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disability ◽  
Multiple Disability ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Iwona Wendreńska, Special school as one of the implementers of education for sustainable development of persons with moderate and severe intellec-tual disability, as well as multiple disability. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 27, Poznań 2019. Pp. 163–180. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.27.08The basis for choosing the subject of this article was the conviction that due to the recent expansion of the meaning of the term “sustainable development”, the essence of education for sustainable development, its objectives and tasks implemented in different types of schools, including special schools, are also subject to change. The article will present the results of research covering, on the one hand, the analysis of strategic and programme documents and, on the other hand, the results of surveys conducted among 164 teachers employed in special education institutions in the Silesian and Lublin Voivodships.

scholarly journals British and Roman Names from the Sulis-Minerva Temple: Two Solutions to an Old Problem

2015 ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Tatyana Mikhailova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Ritual Performance ◽  
Potential Victim ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Confessional Identity ◽  
The One

Any personal name found within a charm fits into one of two categories: background name (a name of a deity/saint, referring to the author’s confessional identity) or subject name (the particular name of a person for/against whom the charm is intended). By the ‘subject name’ we understand any proper name in the text of a charm, which transforms a ‘recipe’ (the term of J. G. Gager) of a potentially magical text into a real magical performance. According to the observation of V. N. Toporov, introducing a personal name into a charm is mandatory: “A text of a charm is a mere text and nothing more, until a name is incorporated into its large immutable body. It is only adding the name, uttering it turns a verbal text into a ritual performance, that is, into an actual charm that works as such.” However, in many cases putting a name (subject name) into the charm is impossible, because it is not known either to the charmer or to his/her customer, the charm not being intended against a particular person. This is exactly the case with charms against thieves, which are quite widespread. Charms of this type are generally referred to as ‘Justice Prayers’. Tablets of that type were found in abundance during the excavations at the Bath site of the Roman temple dedicated to the goddess Sulis Minerva. This site, with its natural hot spring that has been believed to have healing properties up to now, had already been worshipped in the pre-Roman era and was associated with the goddess Sulis whom the Romans would later identify with Minerva. Among the multiple archaeological findings made at the site (such as coins or votive images of body parts allegedly healed by the goddess), there are 130 lead tablets of diverse contents. Along with name lists and commendations addressed to the goddess, there is a considerable proportion of tablets that can also be categorized as Justice Prayers. Their authors address Sulis in order to return stolen things. The explainable absence of subject names in these texts seems to indicate that they were replaced in the charms (Graeco-Roman defixiones being indeed charms) by the formula identifying the potential victim as ‘the one who has stolen my property’. Therefore, the invariable rule of introducing a personal name into the body of the charm, predicted by Toporov, seems to be fulfilled: we can suggest that the formula the man who took it might be classified as a substitute for the unknown subject name and is functionally aimed at creating the kind of uniqueness a charm needs to be actualized. But it is to note, that Justice Prayers, unlike conventional defixiones, contain, as a rule, the name of the aggrieved party. Conceivably, it is their name that stands for the subject name of the charm. The analysis of the use of verbal tenses in the tablets discovered a strange tendency: people with Roman names use the perfect of the verb involare ‘to steal’ (involavit), but persons with Brittonic names prefer to use the second future of the same verb – involaverit. We could suggest, the Brittons used to write their tablets not post factum, but ante factum and transformed Roman curse tablets into a kind of protective amulets. Their use of Latin letters wasn’t a real ‘writing’, but rather an ‘iconic’ use of symbols characteristic to the stage of epigraphic. In this context, the tablet N 18 (with supposed Brittonic words) deserves a special attention.

scholarly journals Fundamentals of metatheoretical understanding of nature based on comprehensive reflection of discourse

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00025
Author(s):  
Sergey N. Bredikhin ◽  
Tatiana V. Marchenko ◽  
Nataliia A. Pelevina ◽  
Iuliia I. Pelevina
Keyword(s):  
Significant Degree ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Objective Observer ◽  
Cognitive Experience ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The study provides rationale for meta-theoretical interpretation of a special type of a literary text – the one based on ultimate reflexion. The analysis rests on “camp prose” works characterized by a significant degree of abstraction on the part of the subject of narration and the possibility of contaminating the objective reality phenomena and the ones of personal reflexive reality within the framework of an “objective” observer description. The authors specify the meta-language of the first level abstraction and the peculiarities of constructing the analyzed type of text as a certain acting scheme for both the literary text producer and the recipient. The proposed scheme incorporates a peculiar cognitive experience (featuring creativity, abstraction, intuition and reflexivity) and a new phenomenological reflexion that imply a new way of realizing different types of experience within the scope of reflexive reality. The texts based on ultimate reflexion are defined as verbal-psycho-emotive entities that can trigger a certain state of consciousness in the process of reading and objectify different sense overtones implied by the author.

scholarly journals Problems of Definition and Classification of Sonic Image in the Audio-visual Culture

2018 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Serafym Zheliezniak
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Sound Image ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Artistic Image

The purpose of the research is to identify the basis of the sonic image in audio-visual culture, to substantiate the interrelation of its elements and to demonstrate the peculiarities of its functioning. The following specific methods were used to obtain the desirable scientific results: the analysis was used to dissect the subject of the research into individual components, to study their properties, that helped to create a coherent idea of the notion of the sonic image; systematic method was used for the building of a certain structure and typology, which would allow to organize the knowledge about the sonic image in audio-visual works, to expand the toolkit for creative sound solutions; induction and comparison were used to identify the characteristics of different types of use of sound in order to create an artistic image. In this work the foundations of sound image in audio-visual culture are considered from a new angle, an attempt is made to give a substantiated definition to this concept, to disclose its essence through the means of its creation, the expanded system of elements and a detailed analysis of their characteristics up to the archetypal level, also classification different ways of using sonic images is derived in a new way.

scholarly journals “Inde Insulam Cyprum Inter Graecos Et Sarraticos (Sarracenos)…”

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-174
Author(s):  
Łukasz Burkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The Other ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Catholic Church

This article takes a close look at excerpts from an account of a journey to the Holy Land made in 720s by the English monk Willibald (700–787/789), later bishop of the Bavarian city of Eichstätt, an associate of the Archbishop of Ger­mania, St. Boniface and a saint of the Catholic Church. Willibald dictated the account of his peregrination many years after his pilgrimage to a related nun, Hygeburge of Heidenheim, who then wrote down his biography and descrip­tions of his travels in a work entitled Hodoeporicon Sancti Willibaldi. Frag­ments of the above‑mentioned travel account concerning the specific political, social, and cultural situation in Cyprus that took place between the 7th and 9th centuries are the subject of the detailed analysis contained in this paper. Willibald arrived on the island during this period: specifically in the year 724. Cyprus at that time acted as an Arab‑Byzantine quasi‑condominium, being the object of efforts of these two powers, on the one hand officially trying to preserve its neutral character, while on the other working to diminish the influence of their competitor there. This peculiar situation had its effect on the relationship between Muslims (Arabs) and Christians (Cypriots and Byzan­tines) living on the island.

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