scholarly journals The Valuation and Analysis of Apple Inc

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Bowen Chen ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Simeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Target Price ◽  
Subjective Analysis ◽  
Valuation Model ◽  
The Future

In order to define a reasonable value of Apple’s stocks, a number of valuation models can be considered, including FCFF model, DDM, VC method, FCFE model and multiples valuation model. In the research, we use WACC and DCF calculation to evaluate the Apple company’s further value, and judging whether it is undervalued or overvalued based on historical data and market direction. As different models and data provide various results, they have different limitations and uses. For DCF, although some of the data used in its calculations are based on people's subjective analysis of the future, its valuation serves as a baseline for the target price, making its results relatively conservative and reasonable. Based on the results generated by valuation models, we think Apple still has a great potential to develop, and we advise customers to buy or hold the stock.

scholarly journals Democratic ideals and the Nigerian state: what hope for the future

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Tamunosiki V. Ogan
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
The Core ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Political Tension ◽  
The Future ◽  
Practice Standard ◽  
Democratic Ideals

An analysis of the principles of democracy was carried out. The objective was to delineate the extent to which the Nigerian state is democratic and how its current democratic ideals could impact on its future existence as a state. The method adopted for the study was that of content analysis, which involved conceptual and historical analyses of textual data. It was discovered from historical data that the Nigerian state runs a system of government, which promotes internal colonialism of the minority groups by the major ones. This political imbalance was shown to create social and political tension, where the peripheral groups were hostile to the core regions. It was recommended in the study that if the Nigerian state is to subsist in the future, then it has to restructure its political institutions to promote true federalism as well as imbibe and practice standard democratic ideals.Keywords: Democratic ideal, Nigeria, Hope, Future

scholarly journals ANALISA TINGKAT KESEHATAN KEUANGAN PT. BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT (BPR) BATANG PALANGKI

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintia Mustika ◽  
Doni Marlius
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Capital Assets ◽  
Health Level ◽  
The Future ◽  
Financial Soundness

Bank are financial institutions that play a role in supporting economic development in a region, where the activitiesof raising funds and channeling funds in the form of loans or lending is a from of money circulation to stabilize the economy. The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of the level of bank financial health of the PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Batang Palangki, for the years 2014-2018. Historical data is taken from bank financial reports that have been published. Analysis of bank financial soundness using the CAMEL method (Capital, Assets, Management, Earning, Liquidity). The results showed that the 2014-2018 PT. BPR Batang Palangki financial health level showed a healthy category, where the average value of the CAR ratio was 28,66%, the KAP ratio was 1,15%, the NPM ratio was 24,88%, the ROA ratio was 3,38%, BOPO ratio of 74,83%, and LDR ratio of 56,30%. It is expected that in the in the future BPR Batang Palangki can continue to maintained according to the provisions that apply.

scholarly journals Effect of Pig Price Volatility on Sichuan Pig Farmers’ Behavioral Response in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Miao Hao ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
Xinhong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Factory Farming ◽  
Price Expectation ◽  
The Future

This study aims to analyze cobweb phenomenon of pig price volatility and its effects on pig producers in Sichuan, China. Historical data showed that pig price from 2000 to 2003 pertained to Occlude Cobweb Phenomenon; while pig price from 2004 to 2012 pertained to Divergent Cobweb Phenomenon. Based on Cobweb Phenomenon this article provided a comparative analysis of pig price volatility’s effects on scattered farmers, scale farmers and pig factories via examining their basic information, response to price volatility, reasons leading to such response, and price expectation. The results indicated that scale farmers were the most sensitive to price volatility; hence their production behaviors probably boosted pig price volatility to some degree. Factory farming was the most competitive farming pattern and was bound to be the main trend in pig industry in the future.

AgCleaning: A Track Data Filling Algorithm Based on Movement Recency for RFID Track Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 1330-1337
Author(s):  
Kong Fa Hu ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Zhi Peng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Data Cleaning ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Factor ◽  
Event Tree ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Movement Rules ◽  
Data Level

For the traditional data cleaning algorithms mainly fill up the data based on the space-time relevance in the data level, they are not suitable for RFID application scenarios with track information based on multi-logical areas. This paper proposed a track data filling algorithm based on movement recency by studying the characteristics of RFID track data. This algorithm maintains a track event tree according to the historical data, to predict the future data and guide the data cleaning. Also it considers the effect on the movement rules from time factor and brings in the ageing factor for maintaining the track event tree, which improved the predict accuracy of the tree and raise the veracity of the filling algorithm.

How much does valuation model choice matter? Target price accuracy of PE and DCF model in Asian emerging markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samie Ahmed Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Target Price ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Valuation Model ◽  
Asian Emerging Markets ◽  
Dcf Model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on valuation practices applied by analysts to derive target price forecasts in Asian emerging markets. The key objective of this study is to understand valuation model preference of analysts and to compare the predictive utility of target price forecasts derived through heuristics-driven price-to-earnings (PE) model and theoretically sound discounted cash flow (DCF) model. Design/methodology/approach Each research report in the sample of 502 research reports has been studied in detail to understand the dominant valuation model (PE or DCF) applied by analyst to derive target price forecasts. These research reports have been issued on stocks trading in seven emerging markets including India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan, Philippines, Korea and Thailand during a six-year period starting 2008. Standard OLS and logit regression analysis has been performed to derive empirical findings. Findings The study finds that lower regulatory and reporting standards prevailing in emerging markets have no significant bearing on analyst choice of valuation model (PE or DCF). Time-series analysis suggests that emerging market analysts did not rely upon the usage of DCF model and preferred PE model during and immediately after the financial crisis of 2008. Multivariate regression results show weak evidence that PE model produces better results than DCF model after adjusting for the complexities associated with analyzing emerging market equities. The results imply that PE model, to some degree, is better equipped to capture market moods and sentiment in dynamic emerging markets rather than theoretically sound DCF model. Originality/value Most past studies on valuation model practices have focused on developed markets and this study provides a fresh perspective on analyst valuation model practices and performance in a new institutional setting of Asian emerging markets. The marginally better predictive utility of PE model as compared to DCF model is possibly a feature limited to Asian emerging markets.

scholarly journals Can we reconstruct Arctic sea ice back to 1900 with a hybrid approach?

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brönnimann ◽  
T. Lehmann ◽  
T. Griesser ◽  
T. Ewen ◽  
A. N. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Coupled Processes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Statistical Reconstruction ◽  
Historical Climatology ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
The Future

Abstract. The variability and trend of Arctic sea ice since the mid 1970s is well documented and linked to rising temperatures. However, much less is known for the first half of the 20th century, when the Arctic also underwent a period of strong warming. For studying this period in atmospheric models, gridded sea ice data are needed as boundary conditions. Current data sets (e.g., HadISST) provide a historical climatology, but may not be suitable when interannual-to-decadal variability is important, as they are interpolated and relaxed towards a (historical) climatology to fill in gaps, particularly in winter. Regional historical sea ice information exhibits considerable variability on interannnual-to-decadal scales, but is only available for summer and not in gridded form. Combining the advantages of both types of information could be used to constrain model simulations in a more realistic way. Here we discuss the feasibility of reconstructing year-round gridded Arctic sea ice from 1900 to 1953 from historical information and a coupled climate model. We decompose sea ice variability into centennial (due to climate forcings), decadal (coupled processes in the ocean-sea ice system) and interannual time scales (atmospheric circulation). The three time scales are represented by a historical climatology from HadISST (centennial), a closest analogue approach using the coupled control run of the CCSM-3.0 model (decadal), and a statistical reconstruction based on high-pass filtered data (interannual variability), respectively. Results show that differences in the model climatology, the length of the control run, and inconsistent historical data strongly limit the quality of the product. However, with more realistic and longer simulations becoming available in the future as well as with improved historical data, useful reconstructions are possible. We suggest that hybrid approaches, using both statistical reconstruction methods and numerical models, may find wider applications in the future.

scholarly journals The Impact of Target Price Policy on Cotton Cultivation: Analysis of County-Level Panel Data from China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Chongmei Zhang ◽  
Jiahao Song ◽  
Dingde Xu
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
County Level ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Target Price ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Price Subsidy ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

China is an important cotton production area in the world. Since 2014, China has implemented a cotton target price subsidy policy in Xinjiang for 7 years. As the policy implementation time has lengthened, some deep-seated problems have started to emerge. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and evaluate to clarify the future policy direction of the cotton target price subsidy policy. Based on county-level panel data of Xinjiang and Shandong from 2011 to 2018, this paper used the Propensity Score Matching—Difference in Difference method to analyze the impact of the implementation of cotton target price subsidy policy on cotton planting in Xinjiang. The results showed that: (1) after the implementation of the cotton target price subsidy policy, cotton production was stimulated by the transition, cotton producers’ enthusiasm for cotton production was higher, cotton production increased rapidly, and the yield per unit area decreased, indicating that there was a 'bubble' in cotton cultivation. (2) The target price subsidy policy mainly achieves the expansion of the cotton planting scale by reducing the area of competitive crops. In view of the above research conclusions, this paper further explains its policy implications. It is proposed that the future cotton target price level should be formulated to fully consider the comparative benefits between different crops, to restrict the subjects that enjoy subsidies and the upper limit of subsidies, and strictly implement the concept of green development; it is necessary to guide cotton production out of ecologically vulnerable areas.

scholarly journals ASSAY OF ENGLISH CUISINE: ADVENT AND ADVANCEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
A. Steve Roger Raj ◽  
J. Eugene
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Constant State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

England is a country that has experienced various changes throughout the course of its history. From its land being invaded to colonizing in other lands, the cuisine has been under the constant state of adaptation and improvisation in order to meet the dietary needs of the people. This research is done to give an insight into the English Cuisine with respect to history in order to better elucidate the nature of the English food in adaptive flux through the centuries. This study shows historical data excavated from evidential books published throughout those centuries as well as articles and data published on the subject. The objectives of the research done are: To understand the nature of the English cuisine. To understand the history and origin of the English food developed. To understand the influences the cuisine had on other countries. To analyze the past events and the changes made that affect the current English Cuisine and evolution undergone. To better understand the future of the cuisine in terms of survival.

Predicting Next Touch Point In A Customer Journey: A Use Case In Telecommunication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Hassani ◽  
Stefan Habets
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Process Mining ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Customer Journey ◽  
Contact Type ◽  
Touch Point ◽  
The Future ◽  
Telecommunication Company

Customer journey analysis is rapidly increasing in popularity, as it is essential for companies to understand how their customers think and behave. Recent studies investigate how customers traverse their journeys and how they can be improved for the future. However, those researches only focus on improving the process for future customers by analyzing the historical data. This research focuses on helping the current customer immediately, by analyzing if it is possible to predict what the customer will do next and accordingly take proactive steps. We propose a model to predict the customer's next contact type (touch point). At first we will analyze the customer journey data by applying process mining techniques. We will use these insights then together with the historical data of accumulated customer journeys to train several classifiers. The winning of those classifiers, namely XGBoost, is used to perform a prediction on a customer's journey while the journey is still active. We show on three different real datasets coming from interactions between a telecommunication company and its customers that we always beat a baseline classifier thanks to our thorough pre-processing of the data.

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